Role of cyclin E and p53 expression in progression of early gastric cancer

Background. To elucidate the role that cyclin E overexpression plays in the progression of early gastric cancer, we examined the expression of cyclin E and p53, as abnormal p53 expression is linked with cyclin E overexpression in exerting adverse affects on the cell cycle. Methods. Specimens from 108 early gastric cancers were stained by an immunohistochemical method, using anti-cyclin E and anti-p53 antibodies. Results. The positivity rate of cyclin E expression in early gastric cancer was 33% (36/108). Cyclin E-positive tumors invaded more deeply (P < 0.05), infiltrated lymphatic vessels more frequently (P < 0.01), showed a higher incidence of differentiated cancer (P < 0.01), and more often expressed p53 (P < 0.01) than cyclin E-negative tumors. Differentiated cancers showing coexpression of cyclin E and p53 were more likely to metastasize to the lymph nodes. Conclusions. Overexpression of cyclin E may promote the progression of early gastric cancer. Received for publication on Apr. 27, 1998; accepted on Nov. 17, 1998     

Molekulare Aspekte und diagnostische Wertigkeiten von Pilzallergenen

Zusammenfassung. Die Klonierung, Sequenzierung und Produktion von hochreinen Allergenen bietet die Möglichkeit, perfekt standardisierte Allergenpräparate herzustellen. Die Entwicklung eines neuen Klonierungssystems, das auf filamentösen Phagen basiert, führte zu einer schnellen Isolierung und Charakterisierung von Aspergillus fumigatus-Allergenen. Die auf diesem Weg rekombinant hergestellten Proteine wurden serologisch und klinisch geprüft und ihr routinemä-ßiger Einsatz im ImmunoCAP-System evaluiert. Es gelang eine quantitative Übereinstimmung zwischen Hauttestergebnissen und Serologie nachzuweisen, welche das Potential rekombinanter Allergene in der Diagnostik allergischer Krankheiten aufzeigt. Darüber hinaus trägt die Charakterisierung der Pilzallergene wesentlich zum Verständnis der moiekularen Natur der allergieauslösenden Komponenten bei Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt können, abgesehen von Proteinen mit unbekannten biologischen Funktionen, die Pilzallergene in zwei Klassen eingeteilt werden: 1. Spezies-spezifische sezcrnierte Allergene und 2. cytoplasmatische, hoch konservierte Proteine. Diese letztgenannten Pilzallergene zeigen auch zu Proteinen aus phylogenetisch weit entfernten Organismen weitreichende Sequenzhomologien. Neben der daraus zu erwartenden IgE-Kreuzreaktivität findet man in einigen Fällen auch eine Kreuzreaktivität mit den homologen humanen Proteinen, was auf Autoimmunreaktionen, bei Pilzalleigien hindeutet. Summary. Cloning, sequencing and production of highly pure recombinant allergens allows to produce perfectly standardised allergen preparations. The development of a new cloning system based on filamentous phage allowed the fast isolation and characterisation of allergens from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The produced recombinant allergens were tested in serological and clinical studies as well as for their performance for routine assessments in the ImmunoCAP-system. Thereby, a perfect correlation between skin test results and serology was found showing the potential of recombinant allergens for the diagnosis of allergic diseases. Moreover, the characterisation of fungal allergens substantially contributes to our understanding of the molecular nature of proteins involved in the elication of allergic reactions. Apart from allergenic proteins with unknown biological function, fungal allergens can be subdivided into two classes: 1. Species-specific, secreted proteins and 2. cytoplasmic, even in phylogenetically distant organisms, well conserved proteins. These fungal allergens show extended sequence similarity, a high level of IgE cross-reactivity and in some cases also cross-reactivity with homologous human proteins indicating autoimmune reactions involved in fungal allergy.     

原发性胆囊癌41例诊治体会

作者报告１９８６年至１９９６年间手术治疗并经病理诊断的４１例原发性胆囊癌，着重分析了影响早期发现胆囊癌的各种有关因素。作者认为，对本病应有足够的认识，联合应用多种检查方法是提高早期诊断率的有效手段，术中应重视对胆囊标本的检查。     

FISH Preimplantation Diagnosis of Chromosome Aneuploidy in Recurrent Pregnancy Wastage

Purpose: Our purpose was to detect aneuploidy for chromosomes 13, 16,18, 21, 22, X, and Y in preimplantation embryos from patients with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage. Methods: Three patients with a history of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion were included in this study. Embryos were biopsied at the eight-cell stage, individually fixed on slides, and processed for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). A multiple FISH protocol for seven chromosomes pairs (13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X, and Y) has been developed. Results: A total of 39 embryos was studied with the multiple FISH protocol developed. Successful analysis of the biopsied embryos was achieved within the time limits usually allowed in a preimplantation diagnosis program. Analysis of the blastomeres showed that 17 embryos were chromosomally normal for the probes used, 16 embryos were aneuploid, and in 6 embryos no informative results were obtained. Conclusions: In the patients studied, a large proportion of embryos (41%) exhibited chromosomal abnormalities for the probes used. Preimplantation diagnosis to screen for chromosome abnormalities could be a feasible approach to improve the possibility of successful pregnancy in these couples.     

Chromosomal Mosaicism in Cleavage-Stage Human Embryos and the Accuracy of Single-Cell Genetic Analysis

Purpose: Our purpose was to assess the effect of chromosomal mosaicism in cleavage-stage human embryos on the accuracy of single-cell analysis for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Methods: Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with X, Y, and 7 or X, Y, 7, and 18 chromosome-specific probes was used to detect aneuploidy in cleavage-stage human embryos. Results: Most nuclei were diploid for the chromosomes tested but there was extensive mosaicism including monosomic, double-monosomic, nullisomic, chaotic, and haploid nuclei. Conclusions: Identification of sex by analysis of a single cleavage-stage nucleus is accurate but 7% of females are not identified. One or both parental chromosomes 7 were absent in at least 6.5% of the nuclei. With autosomal recessive conditions such as cystic fibrosis, carriers would be misdiagnosed as normal or affected. With autosomal dominant conditions, failure to analyze the affected parents allele (1.6–2.5%) would cause a serious misdiagnosis and analysis of at least two nuclei is necessary to reduce errors.     

Conjoined twin's cephalothoracopagus janiceps monoymmetros: a case report

We present a report on a case of conjoined twin/s (cephalothoracopagus janiceps monosymmetros) diagnosed by ultrasonography and X-ray at 27 weeks' gestation. Accepted: 29 December 1997     

Incidence of Chromosomal Abnormalities from a Morphologically Normal Cohort of Embryos in Poor-Prognosis Patients

Purpose: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of aneuploidy was performed on the embryos yielded by 70 poor-prognosis patients, with the aim of transferring those with a normal chromosomal complement, thus possibly increasing the chances of pregnancy. Methods: Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied for the simultaneous detection of chromosomes X, Y, 13, 16, 18, and 21. Inclusion criteria were (1) a maternal age of 36 years or older (n = 33), (2) three or more previous in vitro fertilization cycles (n = 20), and (3) an altered karyotype (n = 17). Results: A total of 412 embryos underwent FISH, resulting in 234 (57%) that were chromosomally abnormal. Euploid embryos were available for transfer in 59 patients, generating 19 pregnancies (32%), with an implantation rate of 19.9%. Conclusions: High rates of chromosomally abnormal embryos in poor-prognosis patients can determine repeated in vitro fertilization failures when embryo selection is performed on the basis of morphological criteria alone. Hence, the FISH analysis could represent the prevailing approach for the identification of embryos possessing full potential for developing to term.     

中医辨证规范所要解决的基本问题

本文认为在依托西医疾病的前提下，中医辨证规范应着重解决两方面的问题：一是病证所属症状、体征的规范，其中包括症状术语的规范、症状间逻辑关系规范、症状体征分级规范、症状体征测量方法规范；二是疾病所属各证的规范，具体完成疾病所属各证基本构成规范、疾病所属各证构成比确定、疾病所属各证的症状构成规范、疾病所属中医各证临床诊断规范、疾病所属中医各证基本演变规律的确认、西医疾病分期、分类、分型等与所属中医各证对应关系的确认等。规范方法应兼顾逻辑分析、数理统计和数据挖掘等。     

代谢综合征与微观证治学研究

代谢综合征（MS）的后果主要为心血管损害，导致冠心病、脑卒中、肾功能不全和外周动脉粥样硬化。MS微观证治的主要靶点为糖脂代谢和心血管系统。应用微观证治学研究代谢综合征，主要研究调血脂、降血压、降血糖、消血凝的防治方药。     

230例舌象图谱中舌色诊断结果分析

[目的]通过10名中医师对230例舌图中舌色诊断结果的分析,探讨并分析不同中医师对观察结果一致性的影响.[方法]让10名中医师在自然光线下,对舌色较为典型、印刷质量较高的230副舌图进行观察并填写舌色观察表,判断结果一致率采用百分比表示.[结果]从舌色诊断结果的分析看出：1）舌诊具体内容丰富,观察结果离散性较大,舌象的复杂性与模糊性使传统的望舌方法难以客观地描述某一舌象.2）不同的中医师因为其视觉生理、知识水平,经验以及语言习惯等因素影响,对同一舌图有不同的判断结果,这样难以准确地判断舌象.[结论]中医需要寻求更客观的方式来诠释舌色的内容,从而减少因为各种原因引起的舌色判别结果的不一致性.所以在传统辨舌的基础上,建立标准舌色样本库以及自动识别系统有重要意义和价值.