角膜散光对干眼患者泪膜的影响

目的探讨角膜散光对干眼患者泪膜的影响。方法对临床确定为干眼的患者(除外其他任何眼病)进行电脑验光,筛查出存在散光的干眼患者和无任何散光的正视眼干眼患者,分别对其进行泪膜干涉成像仪检查(DR-1)、基础泪液分泌试验(SchirmerⅠtest,SⅠt)以及泪膜破裂时间测定(break-up time,BUT)。将所得到的数据进行统计学分析。结果散光的干眼患者与正视眼干眼患者DR-1及BUT结果比较其差异有统计学意义,但SⅠt结果差异无统计学意义;散光患者的DR-1及BUT、SⅠt结果与散光的屈光度之间不存在相关性;近视散光、远视散光患者的DR-1检查及BUT之间的差异无统计学意义;逆规和顺规散光患者相比其DR-1差异有统计学意义,BUT差异有统计学意义;斜轴和顺规散光患者相比其DR-1差异有统计学意义,BUT差异有统计学意义;逆规散光与斜轴散光的DR-1和BUT比较差异均无统计学意义。结论(1)角膜散光对干眼患者泪膜稳定性存在一定的影响;(2)逆规散光患者的泪膜稳定性较顺规散光和斜轴散光差。     

乌药干浸膏质量标准研究

目的研究乌药干浸膏的质量标准。方法采用TLC法对制剂中乌药进行定性鉴别；采用HPLC法对制剂中乌药醚内酯进行含量测定。HPLC法条件：HypersilODS2柱（250mm×4．6mm，5μm），流动相为乙腈-水（56：44），检测波长为235nm，流速为0．5mL·min^-1，柱温为20℃。结果采用TLC法可鉴别出与乌药对照药材相对应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；乌药醚内酯在0．08～0．40μg（r=0．9996）呈良好的线性关系；平均加样回收率为99．50％，RSD=2．69％。结论所建立的质量标准鉴别测定专属性强，定量方法简便、准确，可以用来评价乌药干浸膏的质量。     

睑板腺分泌物与干眼症关系的研究

目的:了解异常睑板腺分泌物和干眼症的关系。方法:在门诊连续观察68例共136眼。常规检查视力和矫正视力、眼球前段和眼底检查。进行泪膜破裂时间(BUT),SchirmerⅠ试验和角膜虎红染色(rb)并评分,观察记录睑板腺分泌物的性质。按病情轻重将干眼症分为轻度和重度。结果:蛋清样分泌物28眼,奶黄样分泌物26眼,颗粒状分泌物30眼,牙膏状分泌物52眼。干眼症指标3项显示,在蛋清样,奶黄样,颗粒状和牙膏状睑板腺分泌物中,BUT积分和rb积分呈阶梯状依次增高,牙膏状分泌物组的BUT和rb积分明显高于其它3组,(两两比较,P均<0.01)。各组SchirmerⅠ积分均在1分以下,组间无差别。有54眼(40%)符合干眼症诊断标准,各组患干眼症的构成比依次升高为:蛋清样(2/28)7.1%;奶黄样(4/26)15%;颗粒状(8/30)27%;牙膏状(40/52)77%。颗粒状分泌物发生干眼症高于蛋清样组(P<0.05),而牙膏状分泌物发生干眼症明显高于其它3组(P<0.01)。蛋清样和奶黄样分泌物组无重度干眼症患者,8眼颗粒状分泌物中重度干眼症占2眼,而40眼牙膏状分泌物中19眼发生重度干眼症。牙膏状分泌物发生重度干眼症高于非牙膏状分泌物(P<0.05)。结论:异常睑板腺分泌物影响眼表面的稳定性,其中牙膏状分泌物患者易患干眼症,干眼症程度较其它分泌物组重。     

纳米粒在干粉吸入剂上的应用进展

介绍纳米粒在干粉吸入剂上的应用进展,分析纳米粒应用于干粉吸入剂上的优势,并结合实例较为系统地介绍供吸入的大粒径中空纳米聚集体的制备方法及形成机制。喷雾干燥法可制备供吸入的大粒径中空纳米聚集体,其形成机制可通过扩散特性参数Peclet数来解释。由于纳米粒在肿瘤靶向性方面的优势和大粒径中空粒子优良的沉积性能,大粒径中空纳米聚集体在干粉吸入剂上具有独特的优势。     

泪点栓子对干眼病患者泪膜功能的影响

目的 评价一种新型泪点栓子对干眼病患者泪膜功能的影响.方法 采用美国产新型泪点栓子治疗62例(123只眼)确诊为干眼病的患者,询问治疗前后患者的主观症状、检查治疗前后的泪膜破裂时间、荧光素染色情况和泪液分泌量的变化.结果 泪点栓子治疗后干眼病患者主观症状明显减轻;治疗后泪膜破裂时间延长,与治疗前比较差异具有显著意义;治疗前和治疗后角膜上皮点状荧光素染色差异具有显著意义(P<0.05);泪液分泌量有所增加.结论 该新型泪点栓子用于治疗干眼病能限制泪液流出,重建泪液平衡,改善泪膜的稳定性,是一种有效的、可逆的治疗干眼病的方法.     

Serum growth factor analysis in dry eye syndrome

Background: To perform a comprehensive serum growth factor analysis in dry eye syndrome patients and to compare this with matched controls. Methods: Six female dry eye syndrome patients and six age‐ and gender‐matched controls were recruited. Whole blood was collected, allowed to clot and then centrifuged. Serum was extracted by using sterile technique. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify serum growth factor levels. Results: Levels of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 and 2 (TGF‐β1 and β2), nerve growth factor (NGF), insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet‐derived growth factor‐AA, AB and BB (PDGF‐AA, AB and BB), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were quantified, and statistical analysis was performed by using the Mann–Whitney U‐test with the Bonferroni correction. Conclusions: No significant difference was found between serum growth factor levels in dry eye syndrome patients versus controls. Our study provides comprehensive analysis of serum growth factor levels in autologous serum eye drops produced from ocular surface disease patients. A knowledge of growth factor levels in serum may be important because of the increasing use of autologous serum eye drops in refractory ocular surface diseases and for an understanding of how topical serum may provide benefit.     

Evaluation of Dry Eye after Minimal in Situ Conjunctival Incision for Segmental Scleral Buckling Surgery

Objective: To compare dry eye signs and symptoms after minimal in situ conjunctival incision for segmental scleral buckling surgery. Methods: In this prospective clinical study, consecutive patients, enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, from May 2015 to April 2017, who had minimal in situ conjunctival incision or standard segmental scleral buckling surgery were assessed. Dry eye markers including the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and subjective symptom questionnaire, tear-film assessment using Keratograph 5M corneal topography, Schirmer Ⅰ testing, and fluorescein staining were sequentially evaluated preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. A Chi-square test, Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences between the two groups. Results: Seventy-eight patients (78 eyes) with similar baseline characteristics were recruited. Most patients developed dry eye postoperatively. Subjective symptoms and fluorescein staining scores elevated from baseline, tear break-up time and Schirmer Ⅰ testing values decreased postoperatively, which peaked at 1 day and did not return to baseline within 1 month. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups (all P>0.05) at 1 day and 1 week except for the higher tear meniscus height (Z=1.04, P=0.041), noninvasive first tear break-up time and average break-up time (t=2.51, P<0.001), and Schirmer Ⅰ test values (Z=2.34, P=0.043), in the minimal in situ conjunctival incision group at 1 month postoperatively. OSDI scores and subjective symptoms were lower in the minimal in situ conjunctival incision group at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively (OSDI: t1 week=2.54, P=0.012; Z1 month=-1.03, P=0.020; subjective symptoms: t1 week=3.04, P=0.011; t1 month=3.94, P<0.001). Sub group analysis using flouesecein staining showed obvious worsening 1 day, 1 week and 1 month postoperatively in patients with preoperative dry eye (Z=-2.42, P<0.001; Z=-1.54, P=0.034; Z=-1.83, P=0.041). Conclusions: Segmental scleral buckling surgery can induce or aggravate dry eyes. Compared with standard procedures, minimal in situ conjunctival incision segmental scleral buckling surgery can improve and shorten the ocular surface discomfort in the early postoperative period, especially in patients with dry eyes before surgery.     

干燥法保存角膜材料在板层角膜移植术中的疗效观察

目的评价干燥脱水法保存的角膜材料在板层角膜移植术中的疗效。方法保存角膜片选自我院符合临床标准的、无水氯化钙硅胶干燥贮存罐内的、复水后透明完整角膜片159片。病例来源于我院眼表角膜病区行板层角膜移植的住院患者159例，包括感染性角膜溃疡、睑球粘连性血管翳性角膜白斑、角膜化学及热灼伤、复发性翼状胬肉、角膜边缘变性和不明原因角巩膜自溶等病例，分别进行了不同术式的板层角膜移植术。结果保存角膜复水合格率为89．83％，一次手术成功145眼，治愈率91．20％。结论用干燥法保存的角膜材料进行板层角膜移植术成功率高。用干燥脱水法保存角膜材料不受特殊条件限制，方法简便且相对安全。     

Optimization of the aerosolization properties of an inhalation dry powder based on selection of excipients

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of formulation excipients on physical characteristics of inhalation dry powders prepared by spray-drying. The excipients used were a series of amino acids (glycine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine), trehalose and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). The particle diameter and the powder density were assessed by laser diffraction and tap density measurements, respectively. The aerosol behaviour of the powders was studied in a Multi-Stage Liquid Impinger. The nature and the relative proportion of the excipients affected the aerosol performance of the powders, mainly by altering powder tap density and degree of particle aggregation. The alanine/trehalose/DPPC (30/10/60 w/w/w) formulation showed optimal aerodynamic behaviour with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 4.7 μm, an emitted dose of 94% and a fine particle fraction of 54% at an airflow rate of 100 L/min using a Spinhaler inhaler device. The powder had a tap density of 0.10 g/cm³. The particles were spherical with a granular surface and had a 4 μm volume median diameter. In conclusion, optimization of the aerosolization properties of inhalation dry powders could be achieved by appropriately selecting the composition of the particles.     

酶标仪干试剂氰化高铁法测定血红蛋白的探讨

目的 建立一种在酶标仪上用干试剂测定血液血红蛋白的检测方法.方法 将氰化高铁血红蛋白法的试剂干燥在酶标板的微孔内,封存备用.测定时将水溶血后的样品加入微孔,混匀,10min后测定OD值.结果 血红蛋白在25～175g/L内有良好的线性关系(r=0.998 3),结果与全自动血液分析仪SE-9000具有较好的一致性,显色后的吸光度值2h内无明显变化.结论 酶标仪干试剂法测定血红蛋白结果准确可靠,测定过程简便,是一种快速测定血红蛋白的好方法.