天雄补肾口服液对果蝇性活力及寿命的药理学实验研究

目的 探讨天雄补肾口服液对果蝇性活力及寿命的影响。方法 以人参、肉苁蓉、白术、淫羊藿等组成中药复方的水提液加入培养基配制后,使培养基含药分别为0.5%天雄Ⅰ、0.5%男宝和1％天雄Ⅱ,分别饲喂果蝇。结果 两个剂量组的天雄补肾口服液均能不同程度地显缩短果蝇交配潜伏期（P＜0.05);对5周果蝇（黑腹果蝇）的交配潜伏期的缩短有极显意义（P＜0.01);增加交配前雄蝇振翅次数和延长交配时间（P＜0.05);延长果蝇平均寿命和最高寿命（P＜0.05)。结论 天雄补肾口服液具有益肾壮阳和延寿作用。     

四逆散冻干粉对睡眠剥夺果蝇头部5-HT含量和5-HT_(1A)受体表达的影响

目的:探讨四逆散冻干粉改善果蝇睡眠作用的机制。方法:收集12 h内羽化未交配的野生型Canton S品系黑腹果蝇,小气流CO2麻醉,雌雄分开,雌雄分别随机分为空白对照组、睡眠剥夺模型组和给药组,每组30只果蝇,利用ELISA法分别测定各组果蝇头部的5-HT的含量。利用实时定量PCR法,测定各组果蝇头部5-HT1A受体的表达差异。结果:四逆散冻干粉分别能提高雌性与雄性果蝇头部5-HT的含量,与模型组相比具有极显著性差异(P0.01)。四逆散冻干粉还能增加果蝇头部5-HT1A受体的表达量。结论:四逆散冻干粉改善果蝇睡眠的作用机制与增加果蝇头部5-HT含量和促进果蝇头部5-HT1A受体表达有关。     

电磁场对果蝇唾液腺细胞蛋白质组影响的研究

目的：研究50Hz工频电磁场对果蝇唾液腺细胞蛋白质表达谱的影响。方法：将野生黑腹果蝇置于0．5mT工频电磁场中30min,取唾液腺蛋白质,进行双向凝胶电泳,分析磁场处理组与未经辐射的果蝇唾液腺蛋白质表达差异。结果：对照组3次凝胶的平均蛋白质点数为514。电磁场处理组的3次凝胶的平均蛋白质点数为462。选取所有胶上相互匹配且分辨清楚的蛋白质点进行统计学分析,筛选并鉴定出具有明显差异（Varition〉2．0,P〈0．05）的蛋白质点9个。磁场处理后,果蝇唾液腺组织中的异柠檬酸脱氢酶,VacuolarATPsynthase、果糖二磷酸醛缩酶、肌动蛋白去聚合因子、延伸因子1-α、延伸因子1-β、40S核糖体蛋白、磷酸甘油酸激酶、蛋白质二硫键异构酶表达均升高。结论：电磁场对于果蝇唾液腺作用后,并未产生热休克蛋白。其作用机制区别于热休克反应。电磁场改变果蝇唾液腺细胞膜的通透性与细胞内环境,以此为起点调控细胞内的信号传导,使细胞能量代谢加快,敏感蛋白表达增加,细胞骨架改变。     

花椰菜芥子碱对果蝇辐射的保护作用

目的探讨花椰菜芥子碱的抗辐射作用。方法通过HPLC法测定花椰菜芥子碱的含量,并以果蝇为材料,将纯化后的花椰菜芥子碱加入果蝇培养基中,观察芥子碱对紫外辐照后果蝇的繁殖率、性别比、突变率等影响,以考察花椰菜芥子碱活性提取物的辐射防护效果。结果测得花椰菜芥子碱硫氰酸盐的浓度为4.429μg/ml。紫外辐照后的果蝇在培养基中添加了浓度为0.29075mg/ml的芥子碱硫氰酸盐,果蝇繁殖率上升了27.083%,雌雄性别比下降了23.457%,突变率下降了97.202%,生长周期恢复正常。结论花椰菜芥子碱具有良好的辐射防护效果。     

乙醇染毒对果蝇寿命及某些生化指标的影响

目的探讨不同浓度乙醇对果蝇寿命以及果蝇体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。方法收集8小时内羽化未交配雌雄果蝇7200只,雌雄各半。取其中2400只,随机分为6组,每组雌雄果蝇各200只,给予不同浓度乙醇染毒,每4天更换1次培养基,每天记录死亡数,用生存实验检测乙醇对果蝇寿命的影响。另取4800只,随机分为4组,每组雌雄各600只,给予含不同浓度乙醇的培养基喂养,分别于喂养0天、10天、20天和30天测定SOD和GSH-Px活力,同时检测MDA的含量。结果随着乙醇剂量的增加,雌雄果蝇的寿命均呈下降趋势,高剂量乙醇染毒组果蝇寿命显著降低(P<0.05)。在相同染毒剂量下,随着染毒时间的增加,果蝇体内SOD、GSH-Px活性逐渐降低,MDA含量逐渐升高;当染毒20天和30天时,90mmol/L、270mmol/L剂量组SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论乙醇暴露能降低果蝇寿命,并导致果蝇体内SOD和GSH-Px活力的降低和MDA含量的增高。     

Copper oxide nanoparticles and copper sulphate act as antigenotoxic agents in drosophila melanogaster

The biological reactivity of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials is attributed to their redox properties, which would explain their pro‐ or anti‐cancer properties depending on exposure circumstances. In this sense, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONP) have been proposed as a potential anti‐tumoral agent. The aim of this study was to assess if CuONP can exert antigenotoxic effects using Drosophila melanogaster as an in vivo model. Genotoxicity was induced by two well‐known genotoxic compounds, namely potassium dichromate (PD) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). The wing‐spot assay and the comet assay were used as biomarkers of genotoxic effects. In addition, changes in the expression of Ogg1 and Sod genes were determined. The effects of CuONP cotreatment were compared with those induced by copper sulfate (CS), an agent releasing copper ions. Using the wing‐spot assay, CuONP and CS were not able to reduce the genotoxic effects of EMS exposure, but had the ability to decrease the effects induced by PD, reducing the frequency of mutant twin‐spots that arise from mitotic recombination. In addition, CuONP and CS were able to reduce the DNA damage induced by PD as determined by the comet assay. In general, similar qualitative antigenotoxic effects were obtained with both copper compounds. The antigenotoxic effects of environmentally relevant and non‐toxic doses of CuONP and CS may be explained by their ability to partially restore the expression levels of the repair gene Ogg1 and the antioxidant gene Cu,ZnSod, both of which are inhibited by PD treatment. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:46–55, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

姜黄素对大鼠肝星状细胞中TGF-β调节的NADPH氧化酶4的激活及Smad信号通路的影响

目的：研究姜黄素潜在的抗纤维化作用,以及转化生长因子β( TGF-β)诱导大鼠肝星状细胞( HSC-T6)激活的机制。方法不同浓度的姜黄素(0、5、10、20、40μmol/L)处理HSC-T6后,用MTT法测定其对HSC-T6增殖作用的影响;用RT-PCR法检测其mRNA水平的表达;用Westem blot法检测表达α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、细胞外基质主要成分α1I胶原(Col1α1)、NADPH氧化酶4(NOX 4)、 Smad 2、Smad 3及其磷酸化的水平。结果40μmol/L的姜黄素组刺激HSC-T648 h后,其抑制率达到最大,显著低于仅TGF-β1刺激组、5、10及20μmol/L姜黄素组( P<0．05)。姜黄素可显著降低激活型HSC-T6的α-SMA、α1I胶原mRNA与蛋白表达,从而可以降低细胞外基质的沉积;有效降低了NOX 4的蛋白水平,减少了活性氧的水平;还明显降低Smad 2、Smad 3的磷酸化程度,呈浓度依赖性。结论姜黄素在体外能够明显地抑制HSC-T6激活,对肝纤维化的发生发展具有一定抑制作用,其机制可能与抑制TGF-β诱导的NOX4的激活及Smad信号通路有关。     

Alzheimer’s disease：the silver tsunami of the 21st century

Alzheimer's disease(AD), a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has no cure to date. One of the causes of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta 42(Aβ42) plaques, which result in the onset of neurodegeneration. It is not known how these plaques trigger the onset of neurodegeneration. There are several animal models developed to(i) study etiology of disease,(ii) look for genetic modifiers, and(iii) identify chemical inhibitors that can block neurodegeneration and help to find cure for this disease. An insect model of Drosophila melanogaster has also provided new insights into the disease. Here we will discuss the utility of the Drosophila eye model to study Alzheimer's disease.     

两种保健食品不同喂饲时间对果蝇生存试验的影响

[目的]为推算延续衰老类保健食品人群最佳食用年龄，[方法]分别在14d、22d、30d给予含样品的培养基，观察不同给予时间对果蝇生存试验的影响。[结果]某氨基酸口服液在14d、22d、30d给予时均可判定实验结果为阳性，主要表现为延长雌性果蝇的平均寿命和半数死亡时间，且以6．6％剂量组效果较为明显。在22d给予时，有两个剂量的平均寿命和半数死亡时间与对照组比较有显著性差异，实验结果最为明显。因而其最佳给予时间为22d左右，相当于人的25岁左右。某蜂胎粉主要是延长了雌雄果蝇的最高寿命，且仅在14d给予时可明显延长雌果蝇的平均寿命，仅在14日给予时试验结果阳性，因而该产品的最佳给予时间为14d左右，相当于人的15岁左右。[结论]不同保健食品其延使衰老作用不同，最佳食用年龄也不同，有待进一步探讨。