性健康教育的基本目的：优化人类性驱力

性和性健康是人类健康的核心问题之一。性健康教育必须以人格教育为基础,以优化人类性驱力、性素质为基本目的,逐步提高人们对性的科学认识水平和自我调节、自我控制的能力。这是解决人类所面临的与性相关的严重的社会问题,医学问题的一项根本措施,也是性健康教育成败的关键。     

哮喘患者气道阻力变化对中枢驱动的影响

目的：了解哮喘患者气道阻力的变化对中枢驱动的影响。方法对１３例正常人和２１例哮喘患者作气道反应性测定,于激发试验前后分别测定吸气初０．１ｓ时口腔阻断压（０．０１）,其中１０例哮喘患者激发试验后吸入喘乐宁,测定ＦＥＶ１及Ｐ０．１结果：正常人９名（９／１３）、哮喘患者１９例（１９／２１例）组胺激发试验后Ｐ０．１较激发前显著升高,两组Ｐ０．１升高人数的百分比比较差异无显著性,哮喘患者激发后ＦＥＶ１％与Ｐ     

Can a difference in chest wall mechanics explain the lower respiratory drive during propofol versus halothane anesthesia in children?

This article extends previous work which suggested that respiratory drive was lower during propofol compared with halothane anesthesia. The aim of this study was to assess simultaneously chest wall motion, measured with respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP), and respiratory drive measured by P_0.1, the pressure generated during the initial 100 msec of an occluded inspiratory effort. Ten healthy children age 3 to 6 years who presented for a dental restorative procedure that required in excess of 2.5 hours were recruited. Patients were anesthetized with propofol (2.5 mg · kg⁻¹; 15 mg · kg⁻¹ · hr) or halothane (1.25%), in a randomized crossover study design. Following induction of anesthesia, RIP bands were placed at the level of the nipples and the umbilicus for the measurement of rib cage and abdomen excursion, respectively. Flow and airway pressure were measured. A manually operated pneumatic balloon was used for brief airway occlusion. Following a 60-minute washin/out of the anesthetic, the children were removed from mechanical ventilation and spontaneous ventilation was reinstated. The RIP signals were calibrated by the method of simultaneous solution of equations. The phase lag was calculated. During airway occlusion the maximal excursion of the calibrated rib cage trace (R_MAX) was measured; a negative value indicated retraction of the rib cage. Respiratory drive was assessed both at a fixed interval (100 msec) (P_0.1) and fixed proportion (10%) (P_10%) of the occluded inspiratory effort. Significance of differences were assessed with a paired t-test (P-value < 0.05). Thoracoabdominal asynchrony was greater during halothane than propofol anesthesia, as was the amount of rib cage retraction, evidenced by lower values of R_MAX; respiratory drive was higher during halothane than propofol anesthesia, as evidenced by higher values of both P_0.1 and P_10%. We conclude that during halothane anesthesia altered chest wall mechanics may result in a greater respiratory drive than during propofol anesthesia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1998;26:183–189. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Gene drive that results in addiction to a temperature-sensitive version of an essential gene triggers population collapse in Drosophila

One strategy for population suppression seeks to use gene drive to spread genes that confer conditional lethality or sterility, providing a way of combining population modification with suppression. Stimuli of potential interest could be introduced by humans, such as an otherwise benign virus or chemical, or occur naturally on a seasonal basis, such as a change in temperature. Cleave and Rescue (ClvR) selfish genetic elements use Cas9 and guide RNAs (gRNAs) to disrupt endogenous versions of an essential gene while also including a Rescue version of the essential gene resistant to disruption. ClvR spreads by creating loss-of-function alleles of the essential gene that select against those lacking it, resulting in populations in which the Rescue provides the only source of essential gene function. As a consequence, if function of the Rescue, a kind of Trojan horse now omnipresent in a population, is condition dependent, so too will be the survival of that population. To test this idea, we created a ClvR in Drosophila in which Rescue activity of an essential gene, dribble, requires splicing of a temperature-sensitive intein (TS-ClvR^dbe). This element spreads to transgene fixation at 23 °C, but when populations now dependent on Ts-ClvR^dbe are shifted to 29 °C, death and sterility result in a rapid population crash. These results show that conditional population elimination can be achieved. A similar logic, in which Rescue activity is conditional, could also be used in homing-based drive and to bring about suppression and/or killing of specific individuals in response to other stimuli.     

L’asexualité à la lueur du principe de Nirvâna

About a decade ago, a trend coming from the U.S., named “Asexuality”, has been introduced to the French public space as a new “sexual orientation”. Asexual subjects attempt to claim their identities as homosexuals and transexuals once did. People of this orientation are characterized by a rejection or at least are indifferent to the coital part of sex. Psychoanalysis has a theorized the Nirvana Principle in order to comprehend this phenomenon at the beginning of the 20th century. The asexual phenomenon come to put into perspective – as the other side (of a coin) of the phenomenon of hypersexuality – one of the main symptoms of civilization and its discontent.     

Central drive and ventilatory failure in late-onset Pompe disease: At the gates of a new phenotype

Subjects with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) typically present as slowly progressive proximal muscle weakness. Respiratory muscle weakness and diaphragmatic paralysis are common features, and may be the initial manifestation of the disease. There is often a poor correlation between the severity of limb and respiratory muscle weakness. Early clinical observations about disproportionate hypercapnia to the respiratory muscular weakness in late-onset Pompe disease were recognized and will be discussed with special reference to blunted respiratory drive, and the connections between early clinical observations, respiratory functional studies and anatomical findings. According to new evidence about blunted respiratory drive in Pompe disease, it is necessary to rethink what is meant by “asymptomatic Pompe disease” and propose a new phenotype with its therapeutic implications. The conceptual model of the mechanisms leading to respiratory failure in this disease could be considered according to these new findings. It may broaden the diagnostic spectrum of the adult forms and warrants a closer interaction between neurologists and pulmonologists. The recognition of this new phenotype of predominant central alveolar hypoventilation in Pompe disease will improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ventilatory failure and could lead to improved future therapeutic strategies.     

Natural orifice translumenal surgery: Flexible platform review

Natural orifice translumenal surgery (NOTES) has garnished significant attention from surgeons and gastroenterologists, due to the fusion of flexible endoscopy and operative technique. Preliminary efforts suggest that NOTES holds potential for a less invasive approach with certain surgical conditions. Many of the hurdles encountered during the shift from open to laparoscopic surgery are now being revisited in the development of NOTES. Physician directed efforts, coupled with industry support, have brought about several NOTES specific devices and platforms to help address limitations with current instrumentation. This review addresses current flexible platforms and their attributes, advantages, disadvantages and limitations.     

大黄甘草汤胶囊剂急性毒性及药效学实验研究

目的考察大黄甘草汤胶囊剂的药效及安全性,为临床应用奠定基础。方法最大给药量法考察大黄甘草汤胶囊剂的急性毒性,昆明小鼠1 d内分别ig给予1、2、3次最大剂量(0.2 g/mL,25 mL/kg)的大黄甘草汤胶囊剂,即低、中、高剂量组(n=10)。7 d后,通过测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平,计算肝脏、肾脏指数,进行肝组织HE染色观察,评价其急性毒性。炭末推进实验法评价大黄甘草汤促进胃肠道蠕动效应。结果与对照组比较,大黄甘草汤胶囊剂低、中、高剂量组的肝脏指数和肾脏指数均没有明显差异(P0.05);小鼠血清中ALT、AST没有明显变化(P0.05);肝组织病理切片未见异常现象。炭末推进实验,给药中剂量组小鼠小肠的推进率为(77.54±4.29)%,显著高于对照组[(64.74±5.17)%,P0.01]。结论制备的大黄甘草汤胶囊剂,短期内服用肝脏无损伤,具有较高的安全性;且该制剂有明显的泻下作用,能够有效地促进小鼠胃肠道的蠕动。