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12.
Cherri Hobgood MD Susan Sawning MSW Josie Bowen MD Katherine Savage MA 《Academic emergency medicine》2006,13(12):1288-1295
The disparities in health care and health outcomes between the majority population and cultural and racial minorities in the United States are a problem that likely is influenced by the lack of culturally competent care. Emergency medicine and other primary-care specialties remain on the front lines of this struggle because of the nature of their open-door practice. To provide culturally appropriate care, health care providers must recognize the factors impeding cultural awareness, seek to understand the biases and traditions in medical education potentially fueling this phenomenon, and create a health care community that is open to individuals' otherness, thus leading to better communication of ideas and information between patients and their health care providers. This article highlights the rationale for and current problems in teaching cultural competency and examines several different models implemented to teach and promote cultural competency along the continuum of emergency medicine learners. However, the literature addressing the true efficacy of such programs in leading to long-lasting change and improvement in minority patients' clinical outcomes remains insufficient. 相似文献
13.
Kenneth S. Kendler Ellen E. Walters Kim R. Truett Andrew C. Heath Michael C. Neale Nicholas G. Martin Lindon J. Eaves 《Behavior genetics》1995,25(6):499-515
Self-report symptoms of anxiety are widely used in mental health and social science research as an index of current psychiatric
state. Previous twin studies have suggested that genetic factors account for a significant proportion of the variance in these
symptoms. To replicate and extend these findings, we examined self-report symtoms of panic-phobia and somatization in the
“Virginia 30,000” twin-family sample. Model fitting applied to 80 unique relationships in the twin-family pedigree produced
the following major results: (i) genetic effects were significant for both symptom factors, accounting for between 25 and
49% of the total variance, with the exception of symptoms of panic-phobia in females, where they accounted for 15–16% of the
variance; (ii) familial environmental effects were absent for symptoms of somatization, while for symptoms of panic-phobia
they accounted for a very small proportion of variance in males (≤1.2%) and a modest proportion in females (6–17%) (iii) spousal
correlations were present for both factors, ranging from +0.05 to +0.20; (iv) genetic factors which influenced symptoms were
generally the same in males and females, although their effect was greater in males; (v) heritability estimates were lower
in the population-based than in the volunteer sample; and (vi) when test-retest reliability was included in the model, results
suggest that genetic factors account for at least half of the stable variance for all symptom factors, except panic-phobia
in females. Our results support the validity of previous twin studies of self-report symptoms of anxiety and suggest that
genetic factors significantly influence these symptoms but familial-environmental factors play little or no etiologic role. 相似文献
14.
本文通过用Flash 5.0制作《医学电子学》中PN结的形成过程的介绍,在熟悉Flash 5.0制作方法的同时.完成相应的多媒体教学。 相似文献
15.
汉区少数民族学生文化疏离感研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:提出文化疏离感的操作性定义和初步的理论构想,为我国少数民族的文化认同和文化适应,以及少数民族青少年的教育培养提供比较重要的参考资料,为疏离感理论的丰富起到一定积极作用.方法:自编<汉区少数民族学生文化疏离感量表>,进行信效度考察以后对678名汉区少数民族学生进行调查.结果:1.文化疏离感及其四个子维度在地区主效应上均表现出显著差异,在年龄主效应上差异不显著;文化分离感和不和谐感在性别主效应上差异显著.2.文化疏离感及其两个子维度(文化孤立感和文化分离感)在年龄和地区,以及在年龄、地区和性别的交互作用上均表现出显著差异.3.影响文化疏离感及其文化孤立感、文化分离感、被控感三个维度的主要变量是学生小学前后居住地区的改变,而影响不和谐感的主要变量是性别.结论:小学前后居住地的改变会影响少数民族学生文化疏离感. 相似文献
16.
Potential impact of hormonal male contraception: cross-cultural implications for development of novel preparations 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Martin CW Anderson RA Cheng L Ho PC van der Spuy Z Smith KB Glasier AF Everington D Baird DT 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》2000,15(3):637-645
The prospect of a hormonal male contraceptive is no longer distant. Data on the potential impact of this improvement in contraceptive provision, however, is limited, particularly between different cultures. We have therefore carried out a multi-centre study to assess men's attitudes to proposed novel hormonal methods. Questionnaire-based structured interviews were administered to men in Edinburgh, Cape Town, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Approximately 450 men were interviewed in Edinburgh, Shanghai and Hong Kong, and a slightly larger group (n = 493) in Cape Town to give samples (n > 150) of black, coloured and white men. Knowledge of existing male and female methods of contraception was high in all centres and groups. The majority of men welcomed a new hormonal method of contraception, 44-83% stating that they would use a male contraceptive pill. Overall, a pill was more acceptable than an injectable form (most popularly given at 3-6 month intervals); long-acting implants were least so except in Shanghai. Familiarity with comparable female methods appeared to influence acceptability, for both oral and injectable methods. Hong Kong was the only centre where a male method (condom) was currently the most commonly used; men there appeared to rate the convenience of condoms highly while being least likely to think that they provided effective protection against pregnancy compared to other centres, and were least enthusiastic about novel male methods. The acceptability of potential male hormonal methods of contraception was high in some groups but showed wide variability, determining factors including cultural background and current contraceptive usage. These results suggest that the emerging emphasis that men should have greater involvement in family planning will be substantiated when appropriate contraceptive methods become available. 相似文献
17.
Eriksen HR Hellesnes B Staff P Ursin H 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2004,11(2):122-125
Subjective health complaints without or with minimal somatic findings (pain, fatigue) are common and frequent reasons for encounter with the general practitioner and for long-term sickness leave and disability. The complaints are often attributed to the stressors of modern life. Is this true? We interviewed 120 Aborigine Mangyans (native population, M age = 33.5 years, 72.5% women) living under primitive conditions in the jungle of Mindoro, an island in the Philippines, and 101 persons living in a small coastal town on the same island (coastal population, M age = 33.8 years, 60.4% women). Both groups had more musculoskeletal complaints, fatigue, mood changes, and gastrointestinal complaints than a representative sample from the Norwegian population (N = 1,243). Our common subjective health complaints, therefore, are not specific for industrialized societies. 相似文献
18.
文化建设与党建工作之间存在着一定的关联,随着经济的不断发展,我国卫生管理体制改革也不断深入,在此过程中,对于高校附属医院文化建设和党建工作提出更高水平的要求。从医院层面来看,通过加强文化建设以及发展党建工作,能够有效提高医院的凝聚力,促进医院树立良好的形象、培养优秀的医护人员等。文化建设和党建工作息息相关,在医院管理与发展的过程中,两者之间相辅相成。文章在研究的过程中,采用访谈法、问卷调查法等方法,通过访谈法、问卷调查法对医院各个方面人员进行调查,根据调查结果总结高校附属医院文化建设和党建工作的关系。 相似文献
19.
20.
The importance of developing cultural competence among healthcare professionals is well recognized. However, the widespread reports of insensitivity and deficiencies in care for culturally diverse patients illuminate the need to review how cultural competence development is taught, learnt and applied in practice. Unless we can alter the ‘hearts and minds’ of practising nurses to provide the care that they know they should, culturally insensitive care will continue operating in subtle ways. This paper explores the ideas behind nurses’ actions and omissions when caring for culturally diverse patients and proposes the need to examine cultural competence development through a moral reasoning lens. Examining cultural competence development through a moral reasoning lens can help empower nurses, whilst nurturing commitment and courage to providing quality care that meets the needs of culturally diverse patients. The model of morality provides a framework that explores how moral motivation and behaviour occur and can provide a vehicle for critically examining the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to provide culturally responsive care. 相似文献