Clonal lineage tracing reveals shared origin of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells

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常规兵器发射或爆炸时脉冲噪声和冲击波对人员听器损伤的安全限值

目的：为了预防武器发射时对人员听觉器官的损害,特制定本标准。方法：在大量常规兵器发射试验所获参数的基础上,并参考国内外有关文献编制而成。结果：提出了所制定的１．５ｍｓ＜ＴＡ≤１００ｍｓ的武器及０．２５ｍｓ≤ＴＡ≤１．５ｍｓ的武器脉冲噪声与冲击波对人员听器损伤安全限值,并提出了标准的适用范围。结论：本标准适用于暴露在常规兵器发射或爆炸所产生的脉冲噪声与冲击波中的无防护人员,常规兵器的科研生产也可参照使用。     

延迟性低氧预适应降低小鼠脑皮质cPKCγ蛋白表达

目的探讨cPKCα和γ膜转位水平及蛋白表达量在延迟性脑低氧预适应形成过程中的变化。方法应用SDS-PAGE和Western bolt等技术,并结合Gel Doc凝胶成像系统,半定量检测延迟性脑低氧预适应小鼠(H5和H6组)脑组织内cPKCα和γ的膜转位水平及蛋白表达量。结果延迟性低氧预适应(H5和H6组)明显降低小鼠脑皮质组织内cPKCγ蛋白表达量(P<0.05),而膜转位(活性)水平变化不显著。对海马cPKCγ、大脑皮质和海马cPKCα蛋白表达量及膜转位水平的影响均不显著。结论大脑皮质cPKCγ蛋白表达量的改变可能参与延迟性脑低氧预适应形成,且可能与皮质和海马低氧选择易损性的差异有关。     

Open pulled straws for vitrification of mature mouse oocytes preserve patterns of meiotic spindles and chromosomes better than conventional straws

Vitrification of oocytes has been applied recently for humans, but remains elusive. The microtubules of oocytes are vulnerable to cryoprotectants and thermal changes. Using mouse oocytes, the effects of vitrification in open pulled straws (OPS) were investigated on survival, the meiotic spindle, and chromosomes and compared with conventional straws. Mature oocytes were allocated to four groups for exposure to cryoprotectants, vitrification in conventional straws, or vitrification in OPS. They were diluted in stepwise sucrose solutions. Oocytes without treatments were used as controls. The surviving oocytes were stained for meiotic spindles and chromosomes. After dilution, all of the oocytes exposed to cryoprotectants survived. Vitrification sometimes resulted in lysis so that survival using OPS (62%) was significantly (P < 0.05) smaller than that using conventional straws (81%). Oocytes exposed to cryoprotectants or vitrified exhibited serious disturbances of microtubules immediately post-dilution. After 1 h incubation, the microtubules could repolymerize so that the OPS group had significantly (P < 0.05) more normal spindles (78%) than did the conventional straw group (21%). The former also tended to have more compact chromosomes (87%) than did the latter (78%). OPS for vitrification of oocytes achieve more rapid cooling, warming, and dilution and so reduce spindle injury. However, the lower survival rate in OPS needs improvement.     

PHA－LAK与常规LAK细胞生物学特性的比较

本文对来自正常人Ｏ型外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）,经ＰＨＡ预刺激４８小时,然后用ｒＩＬ－２诱导的ＬＡＫ细胞（ＰＨＡ－ＬＡＫ）和直接用ｒＩＬ－２诱导的常规制备的ＬＡＫ细胞的生物学特性进行了比较。结果表明ＰＨＡ－ＬＡＫ和常规ＬＡＫ在细胞形态、核型和细胞化学等方面均相似;而在增殖能力、体外存活时间、细胞毒活性方面ＰＨＡ－ＬＡＫ明显优于常规ＬＡＫ。ＦＡＣＳ表型分析表明：ＰＨＡ－ＬＡＫ的表型以ＣＤ３＋ＣＤ８＋为主,而常规ＬＡＫ则以ＣＤ３＋ＮＫＨ￣＋＿１为主,且ＰＨＡ－ＬＡＫＩＬ－２Ｒ的表达水平高于常规ＬＡＫ。采用ＰＨＡ－ＬＡＫ可较好地解决ＬＡＫ细胞的数量和活性问题,这在ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ疗法中有重要的实用价值。     

Immunocytochemical staining of p16INK4a protein from conventional Pap test and its association with human papillomavirus infection

The p16INK4a protein is immunocytochemically detected in liquid-based (LB) specimens as a diagnostic marker of cervical dysplasia and neoplasia. Its up-regulation is promoted by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. We aimed to detect p16INK4a on conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) test (CPT) slides and to determine the relationship between its overexpression and HR-HPV infection. CPT and LB Pap test (LBPT) slides (165 samples of each) were examined by immunocytochemical staining for p16INK4a. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HPV-DNA was genotyped by dot blot hybridization. The CPT slides displayed more numerous dispersed squamous cells and LBPT slides had a clearer background. Positive p16INK4a on CPT occurred in 0% (0/30), 52.5% (21/40), 54.3% (19/35), 100% (30/30), and 100% (30/30) in normal, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), high-grade SILs (HSILs), and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) cases, respectively. LBPT slides showed comparable results but were less sensitive. HPV-DNA was detected in 86.7, 70, 45, 57.14, and 10% in SCCs, HSILs, ASCUS, LSILs, and normal cervical cells, respectively. Because HR-HPV was identified in all HPV+ samples of high-grade dysplasia (HSILs and SCCs) and all positive p16INK4a samples infected with HR-HPV, the association of p16INK4a overexpression with HR-HPV infection was confirmed. This study suggests that immunocytochemical staining of p16INK4a on CPT slides is convenient and cost-effective for cervical cancer screening by the detection of dysplastic cells infected with HR-HPV.     

Neem Leaf Glycoprotein in immunoregulation of cancer

Cancer is a disease having global consequences. Though several new strategies and treatments have been developed so far, they often come with malicious side effects and this paved ways for demand of naturally extracted/driven product as potent anti-cancer agent owing to their reduced toxicity and side effects. One such common Indian household plant Neem (Azadirachta Indica) and its extract have variegated immunomodulatory effects as anti-cancer agent. Neem Leaf Glycoprotein (NLGP) modifies immune cells present in the tumor surroundings as well as in the peripheral system, rather than directly attacking the cancer cells. NLGP acts as a natural immunomodulator showing several functions like sustained tumor growth regulation by stimulating central and effector memory cells as a vaccination adjuvant, normalization of angiogenic activities, controls hypoxia, improves immune evasion techniques as well as suppresses the activity of several immunological cells (Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages) which promote tumor growth and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment (TME). NLGP prioritises type1 immune-microenvironment which consists of T-bet⁺IFN-γ-producing group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC) (ILC1 and natural killer cells), CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells (TC1), and CD4⁺ T helper1 (Th1) cells. In this review we aim to summarize detailed activity of NLGP in cancer immunoregulation.     

自动乳腺全容积成像在乳腺良恶性病变诊断中的作用

目的：探讨自动乳腺全容积扫查系统（ ABVS）在鉴别乳腺肿物良恶性方面的临床应用价值。方法选取2014年5月－11月期间在大连医科大学附属第一医院经术后病理证实的200例患者,共计230个病灶,其中良性病灶147个,恶性病灶83个。每位患者进行常规超声及自动全容积成像,根据不同方法判定病灶良恶性,所得结果与病理对照,以评价ABVS系统在乳腺良恶性肿瘤诊断中的临床应用价值。结果常规超声与全容积成像联合应用较二者单独应用诊断准确率增高,差异均有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。 ABVS“汇集”征对乳腺恶性肿瘤诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为71．08％、89．80％、83．04％、79．73％、84．61％。“汇集”征在良性病灶中的出现率为10．20％,恶性病灶中出现率为71．08％,两者比较差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。结论 ABVS显示的三切面图像,特别是冠状面的“汇集”征,可明显提高乳腺良恶性肿瘤诊断准确率,为临床提供了一个全新的有价值的影像学诊断方法。     

鼻咽癌不同方式放疗疗效分析

目的 分析比较鼻咽癌不同放疗方式的疗效。方法 回顾性分析1997年1月～2002年1月220例鼻咽癌初治患者临床资料。分别采用常规外照射放疗、体外照射联合腔内放疗、三维适形放疗治疗。常规外照射放疗患者72例，接受70～78Gy的根治放疗；体外照射联合腔内放疗92例，外照射60～65Gy（咽旁间隙浸润者予以65～70Gy），腔内放疗总剂量为8～22Gy，分1～3次，于1～3周完成；三维适形放疗56例，外照射40Gy后加三维适形放疗，剂量30～40Cy。统计分析各组3年生存率、3年局部控制率及并发症发生率，并比较其差异。结果 常规放疗组3年生存率、3年局部控制率为81．9％、77．8％；体外照射联合腔内放疗组及三维适形放疗组分别为80．9％、84、0％及78．6％、80．4％，组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；体外照射联合腔内放疗组及三维适形放疗组的各种并发症发生率明显低于常规放疗组（P〈0．05），而前两组间无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论 三种方式放疗治疗鼻咽癌疗效无明显差异，但腔内放疗、三维适形放疗相对外照射剂量降低，减轻了正常组织器官的放射损伤，从而减少了放疗并发症的发生。     

2592例白带CTB快速染色与常规检测方法结果分析

目的探讨CTB快速染色法与白带常规检测法检查白带结果的差异。方法收集2592例白带标本,分别采用传统常规检查方法和CTB快速染色法进行检测,观察两种方法检测白带常规结果的变化。结果2592例白带标本采用常规检测法检出滴虫50例,检出的阳性率为1.93%,检出霉菌303例,检出的阳性率为11.68%;采用CTB快速染色法检出滴虫96例,检出的阳性率为3.70%,检出霉菌464例,阳性率为17.90%。两种方法查出滴虫阳性率结果的比较2值为:39.664,p值为0.00;查出霉菌阳性率结果的比较2值为:14.913,p值为0.00;采用CTB快速染色法检测白带滴虫阳性率和霉菌阳性率均比白带常规检查法高,均有显著性差异。结论CTB快速染色法检查白带检测项目多、时间短、病原体检出率高、费用低,是一种较好的白带常规检查方法。