大剂量甲氨蝶呤在急性淋巴细胞白血病应用后两种解毒方法的比较

目的探讨大剂量甲氨蝶呤(MTX)治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的有效解救方法。方法选取我院收治的急性淋巴细胞白血病患者45例,随机分成观察组(23例)和对照组(22例)。45例患者均应用大剂量MTX进行治疗,观察组患者监测血药浓度并随时调整解救药的剂量,对照组患者应用固定剂量的解救药进行解救。比较两组患者不良反应的发生情况。结果观察组皮肤黏膜损害、胃肠道反应、肝功能损害、肾功能损害、骨髓抑制的发生率均低于对照组,且两组胃肠道反应、肝功能损害、骨髓抑制发生率的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在应用大剂量MTX进行治疗的过程中进行血药浓度的密切监测并及时调整解救药浓度能够达到更好的治疗效果。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术后并发胆瘘的观察及护理

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术( Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)是微创胆道外科具有重要意义的一项新技术,也是目前治疗胆总管结石最常用的手术方式之一[1].胆瘘常常发生在胆道或胆道邻近脏器的外科手术之后,多在手术后早期出现,起病急骤,不具备瘘管,只有胆汁漏出.胆瘘是LCBDE严重的并发症之一,一旦发生,处理不当,可能导致严重的并发症,甚至危及病人生命[2].现将LCBDE术后6例患者并发胆瘘的护理体会报告如下.     

胆总管下段医源性损伤后胆道再手术

目的探讨胆总管下段医源性损伤后不同的胆道再手术方法。方法回顾性分析重庆医科大学附属第一医院2005年6月至2015年9月收治的8例胆总管下段医源性损伤的临床资料。结果 8例中,2例采用胆总管局部修补,3例行Oddi括约肌切开成形,1例行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,1例直接行胰十二指肠切除,1例采用充分引流,术后均治愈出院,住院时间22~46 d,平均住院时间为31.5 d。结论根据损伤的具体部位、破口大小、合并症及发现时间的早晚,对不同病人采取个体化治疗;对胆总管下段损伤的预防及早期处理至关重要。     

Economic repercussions of fisheries-induced evolution

Fish stocks experiencing high fishing mortality show a tendency to mature earlier and at a smaller size, which may have a genetic component and therefore long-lasting economic and biological effects. To date, the economic effects of such ecoevolutionary dynamics have not been empirically investigated. Using 70 y of data, we develop a bioeconomic model for Northeast Arctic cod to compare the economic yield in a model in which life-history traits can vary only through phenotypic plasticity with a model in which, in addition, genetic changes can occur. We find that evolutionary changes toward faster growth and earlier maturation occur consistently even if a stock is optimally managed. However, if a stock is managed optimally, the evolutionary changes actually increase economic yield because faster growth and earlier maturation raise the stock’s productivity. The optimal fishing mortality is almost identical for the evolutionary and nonevolutionary model and substantially lower than what it has been historically. Therefore, the costs of ignoring evolution under optimal management regimes are negligible. However, if fishing mortality is as high as it has been historically, evolutionary changes may result in economic losses, but only if the fishery is selecting for medium-sized individuals. Because evolution facilitates growth, the fish are younger and still immature when they are susceptible to getting caught, which outweighs the increase in productivity due to fish spawning at an earlier age.     

ECG beat classification based on discrete wavelet transformation and nearest neighbour classifier

Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a coronary artery disease acquired due to the lack of blood supply in one or more sections of the myocardium, resulting in necrosis in that region. It has different types based on the region of necrosis. In this paper, a statistical approach for classification of Anteroseptal MI (ASMI) is proposed. The first step of the method involves noise elimination and feature extraction from the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, using multi-resolution wavelet analysis and thresholding-based techniques. In the next step a classification scheme is developed using the nearest neighbour classification rule (NN rule). Both temporal and amplitude features relevant for automatic ASMI diagnosis are extracted from four chest leads v1–v4. The distance metric for NN classifier is calculated using both Euclidian distance and Mahalanobis distance. A relative comparison between these two techniques reveals that the later is superior to the former, as evident from the classification accuracy. The proposed method is tested and validated using the PTB diagnostic database. Classification accuracy for Mahalanobis distance and Euclidean distance-based NN rule are 95.14% and 81.83%, respectively.     

机械加载对慢性脑缺血大鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用

摘要：目的 探讨脉冲式机械加载对慢性脑缺血大鼠学习记忆能力的改善作用。方法 27只健康雄性SD大鼠 按随机数字表法分为假手术组（Sham组）、血管性痴呆模型组（VD组）和脊柱加载治疗组（VD+L组），每组9只。Sham 组仅分离双侧颈总动脉但不结扎；VD组分离双侧颈总动脉后永久性结扎建立VD模型；VD＋L组建立模型后每天接 受脊柱机械加载治疗，共5周。Morris水迷宫测试大鼠学习记忆能力；HE染色及尼氏染色观察大鼠大脑皮质及海马 组织的病理改变；免疫组织化学技术检测神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达。结果 与VD组相比，VD+L组大 鼠逃避潜伏期明显缩短，穿越平台次数和停留平台象限时间显著增加，加载后明显改善神经元形态结构和存活状 态，海马锥体细胞明显增多，并抑制了海马及皮质中GFAP的表达。结论 机械加载可以明显改善慢性脑缺血后大 鼠的学习记忆障碍、保护缺血后神经元，该治疗作用可能与机械加载减轻海马和皮质神经元病理损伤、抑制胶质细 胞的活化有关。