Isolation of rhinoviruses and coronaviruses from 38 colds in adults

Nasal washings were collected from 27 normal adults during 38 naturally acquired colds. The washings were exhaustively tested using tissue cultures, organ cultures and electron microscopy. Washings yielding no identifiable agent were inoculated into human volunteers, and further specimens obtained from the latter were examined by the same techniques in vitro. Viruses were identified in association with 25 of the original 38 colds (65.7%). Fifteen were rhinoviruses (39.5%), seven coronaviruses (18.4%), two were para-influenza viruses, and one was influenza virus. Use of organ cultures and of volunteers significantly increased the isolation rate. No agent was cultivated from the remaining 13 specimens, although tests in volunteers showed that cold-producing agents were present in five of them (13%). Three specimens gave doubtful results in volunteers, and five others, all collected within a period of six weeks in December and January, apparently contained no infectious agent.     

Synergistic convergence of microbiota-specific systemic IgG and secretory IgA

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Intramural sarcoma of the carotid artery with adventitial inflammation and fibrosis resembling 'inflammatory aneurysm'

A rare case Is descrlbed of an Intramural sarcoma of the rlght common carotld artery coexistlng wlth adventitial inflammation and flbrosls, resembllng 'inflammatory aneurysm', which was resected from a 33-yearold Japanese woman who had presented with a pulsatile mass on the rlght side of the anterior neck. Grossly, the wall of the carotld artery showed an intimal tear with dlssectlon of the medla filled with thrombus. A graylsh area, abutting directly onto the dlssected space and Involving the media and inner adventltia, was composed of a-smooth muscle actin-positive and desmln-negative polygonal and splndle cells with large bluntended nuclei and coarse granular chromatin arranged Into a well-organized Interlacing bundle pattern. This portlon was thus considered to represent lelomyosarcoma. White to yellow-tan fibrotic tissue present in the adventitial area consisted of extensive lamellar fibrosis wlth scattered focl of lymphoplasmacytlc aggregates and obliterated arteries, and lacked atypical spindle and polygonal cells. These changes accorded with the histopathologlcal findlngs hitherto described in cases of 'inflammatory aneurysm', which is known to almost exclusively involve the abdominal aorta. We conslder this case unique In that the leiomyosarcoma involved an artery other than the aorta, wlth an 'inflammatory aneurysm'-like reaction in the same she. The posslble relatlonship between these two condltions Is dlscussed.     

Fuzzy rules to predict degree of malignancy in brain glioma

The current pre-operative assessment of the degree of malignancy in brain glioma is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical data. 280 cases were studied, of which 111 were high-grade malignancies and 169 were low-grade, so that regular and interpretable patterns of the relationships between glioma MRI features and the degree of malignancy could be acquired. However, as uncertainties in the data and missing values existed, a fuzzy rule extraction algorithm based on a fuzzy min-max neural network (FMMNN) was used. The performance of a multi-layer perceptron network (MLP) trained with the error back-propagation algorithm (BP), the decision tree algorithm ID3, nearest neighbour and the original fuzzy min-max neural network were also evaluated. The results showed that two fuzzy decision rules on only six features achieved an accuracy of 84.6% (89.9% for low-grade and 76.6% for high-grade cases). Investigations with the proposed algorithm revealed that age, mass effect, oedema, post-contrast enhancement, blood supply, calcification, haemorrhage and the signal intensity of the T1-weighted image were important diagnostic factors.     

分子筛催化剂失活过程分析及评价方法

提出了将“前－后实验”和“连续实验”两种催速失活的实验方法结合起来的一种新的催化剂活性评价方法,可以较短的实验时间内,获得该催化剂比较全面、完整的活性衰退的信息。使用该评价方法,对ZSM－5分子筛催化剂AB－97催化苯与乙烯的烷基化反应的失活规律进行了实验研究,结果表明：在缓和条件与苛刻条件下,催化剂的失活规律有所不同。在实验基础上,结合Monte-Carlo模拟的方法,对此进行了机理分析,发现在不同的反应条件下,反应物在催化剂晶粒表面上吸附位置以及反应机理均不相同,同时证实了实验结果。     

C-spine clearance in poly-trauma patients: A narrative review

The incidence of cervical spine injury in patients with polytrauma is 3.7%. Early identification and management of cervical spine injuries in these patients play a crucial role in preventing secondary cervical spine and cord injuries. C-spine clearance assumes a pivotal role in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical spine injury. Despite the availability of various validated management algorithms and protocols for C-spine clearance, there are several controversies regarding C-spine clearance, such as the ideal protocol and imaging modality, clearance of obtunded patients and management of patients that lie out of the described protocols and rules. The current article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and address the prevalent controversies.     

基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗小儿湿疹组方用药规律研究

目的：通过应用中医传承辅助平台（V 2.5）挖掘中医药治疗小儿湿疹的组方用药规律,并对高频药物、用药模式及治疗思路进行探讨。方法：搜集国家知识基础设施数据库（CNKI）、中国学术期刊数据库（CSPD）及中文科技期刊数据库（CCD）中2000—2021年应用中医药治疗小儿湿疹的相关文献,经过筛选后建立方药数据库,运用中医传承辅助平台（V 2.5）集成的改进互信息法、关联规则Apriori算法、复杂系统熵聚类与无监督熵聚类等算法对药物频次、性味归经、用药模式、规则分析及新处方等结果进行输出,并进行网络可视化展示。结果：纳入处方200首,共涉及206味中药,高频药物包括甘草、白鲜皮、薏苡仁、茯苓、生地黄、金银花、蝉蜕、地肤子、防风、牡丹皮等,药性以寒性（52.76%）居多,药味以甘（38.89%）、苦（33.37%）、辛（21.96%）味为主,归经以胃经（1 138次）、脾经（1 088次）、肝经（1 061次）居多,并且得到药物之间的关联规则,以及新处方6个。结论：小儿湿疹用药以补虚药、利水渗湿药、清热药、清热解毒药、解表药为主,治疗以疏风清热,燥湿健脾,养血活血为主要大法,分析结果与本病诊疗指南较为吻合,可为小儿湿疹的临床治疗及新药开发提供参考。     

LC+LCBDE+PDC与ERCP+EST+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的对比研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合胆总管探查一期缝合（LC+LCBDE+PDC）与内镜下胆管取石联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ERCP+EST+LC）两种手术方式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效比较。方法 回顾性分析2017 年5月至2019 年5月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院135 例胆囊结合并胆总管结石的患者临床资料,76例行LC+LCBDE+PDC（PDC组）,59例行ERCP+EST+LC（ERCP组）,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛、术后禁食时间、术后活动时间以及术后住院时间、住院费用和并发症情况。结果 术前两组患者在年龄、性别、体重指数、胆总管直径、最大结石直径及数量、血清胆红素水平方面均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。PDC组在术中出血量[（39.0±18.6）mL vs （59.5±21.3）mL,t=3.574,P=0.038]、术后禁食时间[（42.8±12.9）h vs（72.8±23.9）h,t=4.443,P=0.014]、下床活动时间[（18.7±3.2）h vs（32.6±8.2）h,t=1.553,P=0.017]、术后住院时间[（5.21±1.29）d vs（8.79±2.37）d,t=2.265,P=0.023]和住院费用[（25 187±1 179）元 vs（38 406±1 315）元,t=5.374,P=0.008]方面均优于ERCP组（P＜0.05）,在手术时间、术后疼痛方面两组均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。两组在术后出血、黄疸方面均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,PDC组在术后胃肠道反应[11.8%（9/76）vs 25.4%（15/59）,χ2 =4.191,P=0.041]、胰腺炎[2.6%（2/76）vs 13.6%（8/59）,χ2 =4.299,P=0.038]、残余结石[0（0/76）vs 6.8%（4/59）,χ2 =5.310,P=0.034]发生率方面低于ERCP组,但胆漏发生率[7.9%（6/76）vs 0（0/59）,χ2 =4.875,P=0.035]高于ERCP组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 LC+LCBDE+PDC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全有效,既能避免术后留置T管,也能保留Oddi括约肌功能,值得临床推广应用。     

LCBDE+LC与ERCP+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的网状Meta分析

目的 近年来,腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）、腹腔镜胆总管探查术（LCBDE）、内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）普遍应用于胆系结石的治疗,本Meta分析比较了三种治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石的手术方式的疗效及安全性,即LCBDE+LC、术前ERCP（PreERCP）+LC、术中ERCP（IntraERCP）+LC。方法 计算机检索Medline、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库,查找1990—2019年关于LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的随机对照试验（RCT）研究。按照纳入与排除标准,选择文献、评价质量、提取数据,采用Stata软件进行网状Meta分析。计算累积排序概率曲线下面积（SUCRA）,用于预测各手术方式的有效性及安全性,主要结局指标为结石清除率,病死率,胰腺炎、胆漏、出血,以及中转开腹率。结果 共有19篇RCT研究纳入分析,共计2 627例患者。网状Meta分析结果显示：（1）结石清除率：IntraERCP+LC优于LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（2）病死率：LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三者之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（3）胰腺炎：PreERCP+LC的发生率高于LCBDE+LC、IntraERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（4）出血：LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三者之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（5）胆漏：LCBDE+LC的发生率高于PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（6）中转开腹率：PreERCP+LC与IntraERCP+LC、LCBDE+LC与IntraERCP+LC之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而LCBDE+LC发生率高于PreERCP+LC,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 LCBDE+LC、PreERCP+LC、IntraERCP+LC三种手术方式均可用于治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,其中IntraERCP+LC的结石清除率最高,LCBDE+LC的胆漏风险较大,而PreERCP+LC的胰腺炎风险最高。     

加速康复外科在老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合胆总管切开探查取石术中的应用

目的 探讨加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS）在老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）联合腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石术（LCBDE）中的应用经验。方法 回顾性分析上海市宝山区仁和医院2015年4月至2019年4月145例老年患者（65岁以上）择期行LC联合LCBDE手术的临床资料,按围手术期管理方案分为ERAS组（55例）和传统组（90例）,比较两组患者术前1 d和术后1 d的应激反应指标、肝肾功能指标,术后并发症发生率、术后康复情况及患者满意度。结果 与传统组比较,ERAS组术后1 d应激反应指标WBC [（10.83±2.06）×10⁹/L vs（ 11.94±1.68）×10⁹/L,t=3.53,P＜0.01]、CRP [（25.22±8.38） mg/L vs（28.42±9.29）mg/L,t=2.09,P=0.04]、血糖水平[（4.91±1.02）mmol/L vs（ 6.01±1.10）mmol/L,t=5.99,P＜0.01]均较低,差异具有统计学意义。两组术前1 d及术后1 d肝肾功能指标（ALT、TBIL及BUN）比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。ERAS组总体并发症发生率较传统组低（15/55 vs 71/90,χ²=37.69,P＜0.01）,差异有统计学意义;其中ERAS组恶心呕吐（3/55 vs 18/90,χ²=5.83,P=0.02）、戳孔疼痛（2/55 vs 18/90,χ²=7.69,P＜0.01）的发生率明显低于传统组。术后ERAS组肛门排气时间[（1.2±0.4）d vs（ 1.6±0.5）d,t=4.45,P＜0.01]、住院时间[（7.2±1.1）d vs（ 9.0±2.4）d,t=5.36,P＜0.01]、住院费用[（1.75±0.31）万元 vs（1.96±0.26）万元,t=4.29,P＜0.01]及患者满意度[（94.34±13.42）分 vs（ 82.78±10.71）分,t=5.73,P＜0.01]均明显优于传统组,差异均具有统计学意义。结论 ERAS应用于老年患者LC联合LCDBE围手术期安全有效,可减轻患者应激反应,降低术后并发症发生率,加快术后康复,缩短住院时间,提高患者满意度。