庚辰年运气初析

运用五运六气学说分析庚辰年的气候特点为金运太过,全年气候干燥少雨,凡阴虚,血虚体质者应注意保养津液。     

肖厝口岸蝇类本底调查报告

目的掌握肖厝口岸的蝇类本底情况,为口岸蝇类的防制提供科学依据。方法从2006年1月-2006年12月,采用蝇笼诱捕法,对肖厝口岸的蝇类种群分布和季节消长进行了调查。结果本次调查共捕获蝇类9315只,隶属4科10属13种,优势蝇种为舍蝇,占捕获蝇总数的37.48%;蝇密度随季节消长,平均密度为77.63只/笼;在3、8、10月份出现3个高峰期;不同生境的蝇密度也各不相同。结论此次调查填补了肖厝口岸医学媒介资料的空白,为进一步开展蝇类媒介传染病监测提供了依据;搞好媒介生物控制工作的关键是根据当地的自然环境和媒介生物随季节的特点,采取综合防制措施,才能有效地降低蝇密度,从而控制病媒疾病的发生和流行。     

社区卫生服务综合配套改革

社区卫生服务作为政府密切关注的重要工作,其发展面临着多重困难与挑战。在这样的背景下,上海市长宁区社区卫生服务综合配套改革进入试点阶段,改革进程中长宁区实行了建立完善管理组织系统、经济运行系统、综合保障系统等一系列关键措施,以改进社区卫生服务的效率和质量。     

Obstetric care practice in Birbhum District, West Bengal, India.

BACKGROUND: The study area is the Birbhum district of the State of West Bengal in India. It is one of the backward districts in India. OBJECTIVE: The paper investigates the existing pattern of obstetric health care practices and the factors associated with the utilization of such care. METHOD: The present analysis includes 495 adult married women of both rural and urban areas of nine Blocks of Birbhum district. Besides performing chi2 tests to see the association of the relevant individual and household characteristics, logistic regression was also carried out to measure the effect of these characteristics on the use of obstetric health care. RESULTS: In Birbhum district of West Bengal 65 percent mothers go to doctors for antenatal check-up during their pregnancy, but only 26 percent mothers deliver their babies in institutions and 30 percent mothers get the help of professional health assistants during delivery. Educated women have emphasized role in the practice of obstetric health care. Husband's education and the standard of living of the family also have some effect on the practice of antenatal check up, place of delivery and assistance of health professional. While most of the family background variables have significant effect on the practice of antenatal check up, these variables do not have much effect on the choice of delivery or seeking assistance of health professionals. Contrary to the popular belief the working status of women does not have favourable influence on the obstetric health care practices. In developing countries like India, it is the poverty, which compels the women to take jobs-that too in low paid jobs especially in rural backward areas. CONCLUSION: The status of literacy of mothers and standard of living of the family are of prime importance in improving the obstetric health care practices.     

Cancer and Aboriginal people in Australia: A review of the literature

This paper provides a thematic review of the literature on cancer in Aboriginal people in Australia, focusing on experiences in diagnosis, treatment and care as well as addressing sociocultural factors to guide the public health response to poorer treatment outcomes. A search of both medical and social scientific databases for journal articles published between 1995 and 2006 show that cancer incidence and possibly survival and mortality data are likely to be underestimated in Aboriginal people. Aboriginal people are more likely to die from cancer than non-Aboriginal Australians. There are significant differences between the cancer experiences of those living in the city and in rural or remote areas. There is also a relative absence of literature on cancer in Aboriginal men, who are likely to have particular needs during diagnosis, treatment and care. In drawing conclusions from these data, it can be seen that Aboriginal people with cancer have poorer outcomes than non-Aboriginal Australians, and there is a need for further research in the patterns of care and predictors of outcomes in Aboriginal men and women with cancer. Particular attention should be given to the different needs and experiences of Aboriginal people in urban or rural/remote areas. These findings indicate an urgent need to allocate additional resources to the treatment and care of Aboriginal people with cancer, in addition to screening interventions. There is also a continuing need to acknowledge cultural differences in the health beliefs of Aboriginal people and to work in partnership with Aboriginal community controlled health organisations.     

取象比类辨证审机——简论《内经》六气病机的实质内涵

《内经》六气病机的实质内涵,是采用“取象比类”的方法,以自然界风寒暑湿燥火六种气候模式命名的六种病变类型和病变机理,与病因范畴的六淫虽然有一定的联系,但属于两类不同的概念,必须辨析清楚而不可混淆。以“中风”病为例,说明正确把握六气病机实质,对指导临床辨证论治,提高治疗效果的重要意义。     

Relationships between skin properties and environmental parameters

Background/purpose: Many authors have written about skin physiological parameters and their changes according to different environmental conditions. Nevertheless, the literature puts in evidence disagreement among different studies due to the great variability in these parameters and due to the difficulty in comparing the results obtained under different working conditions. Hence, the aim of this work is to attempt to clarify the relationship between some skin properties, such as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and mean skin temperature (T_sk), and the environmental parameters of ambient temperature (T_a) and relative humidity (RH), with the help of a climatic chamber to make the environment reliable. This work must be considered as the preliminary step of a wider project dealing with textile engineering: the results will be used in identifying criteria for textile design with the aim of producing more comfortable clothing. Methods: Experiments were carried out in a climatic chamber with independently controlled T_a and RH. All the combinations between three levels of T_a (20°C, 25°C and 30°C) and four levels of RH (25%, 45%, 65% and 85%) were used on a panel of six young female subjects. The assessments made were: skin surface hydration using an electrical capacitance method, TEWL using a Tewameter and T_sk using a set of thermistors. Results: The results showed a significant correlation between TEWL and T_a, while the RH had a weaker effect on TEWL in the temperature range under investigation. Also, T_sk showed a higher correlation with T_a compared with RH. Finally, skin surface hydration was found to be strongly affected by both environmental parameters. Conclusions: The analysis of experimental data resulted in the elaboration of some easy empirical models useful to evaluate the changes in TEWL, skin hydration and T_sk in different climatic conditions. These relationships must be considered to be valid only in a restricted range of T_a (20–30°C) and RH (25–85%) for young female subjects (25–35 years old).     

In vivo confocal microscopy of climatic droplet keratopathy

We describe the corneal microstructural changes in a patient with spheroidal degeneration using in vivo confocal microscopy. Multiple hypo‐ and hyper‐reflective spherical lesions were observed in the anterior corneal stroma and Bowman's layer ranging from 45 to 220 μm in size. The corneal epithelium, posterior stroma and endothelium were otherwise unaffected. In vivo confocal microscopy demonstrates good correlation with excised histological samples in climatic droplet keratopathy. It provides a non‐invasive technique to examine the living cornea for degenerative disease and acts as a bridge between clinical and laboratory observations.     

Background sodium current underlying respiratory rhythm regularity

Rhythm-generating neural circuits underlying diverse behaviors such as locomotion, sleep states, digestion and respiration play critical roles in our lives. Irregularities in these rhythmic behaviors characterize disease states – thus, it is essential that we identify the ionic and/or cellular mechanisms that are necessary for triggering these rhythmic behaviors on a regular basis. Here, we examine which ionic conductances underlie regular or ‘stable’ respiratory activities, which are proposed to underlie eupnea, or normal quiet breathing. We used a mouse in vitro medullary slice preparation containing the rhythmogenic respiratory neural circuit, called the preBötzinger complex (preBötC), that underlies inspiratory respiratory activity. We varied either [K⁺]_o or [Na⁺]_o, or blocked voltage-gated calcium channels, while recording from synaptically isolated respiratory pacemakers, and examined which of these manipulations resulted in their endogenous bursting becoming more irregular. Of these, lowering [Na⁺]_o increased the irregularity of endogenous bursting by synaptically isolated pacemakers. Lowering [Na⁺]_o also decreased the regularity of fictive eupneic activity generated by the ventral respiratory group (VRG) population and hypoglossal motor output. Voltage clamp data indicate that lowering [Na⁺]_o, in a range that results in irregular population rhythm generation, decreased persistent sodium currents, but not transient sodium currents underlying action potentials. Our data suggest that background sodium currents play a major role in determining the regularity of the fictive eupneic respiratory rhythm.