酪蛋白酶解产物对小鼠脾T淋巴细胞体外增殖作用的影响

目的: 研究不同水解度及不同截留分子量范围酪蛋白酶解产物对ConA诱导的小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖作用的影响。方法: 酪蛋白酶解产物作用于小鼠脾淋巴细胞72h后,用MTS-PMS法测定OD值。结果: 酪蛋白酶解产物对ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖呈一定的浓度剂量效应。水解度为18.54%的酪蛋白酶解产物对淋巴细胞的增殖作用显著高于水解度为9.74%和24.02%的酶解产物(P<0.05)。不同截留分子量范围的酪蛋白酶解产物对ConA诱导的小鼠脾T淋巴细胞的增殖作用不同。酶解产物本身在一定浓度范围内对淋巴细胞增殖没有影响,终浓度大于25 mg/ml时略有增殖作用。结论: 酪蛋白酶解产物对ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖有一定调节作用,适度水解的酪蛋白酶解产物的促增殖作用强。活性组分的分子量在6 ku以下。     

Nutritional Ingredients Modulate Adipokine Secretion and Inflammation in Human Primary Adipocytes

Nutritional factors such as casein hydrolysates and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have been proposed to exert beneficial metabolic effects. We aimed to investigate how a casein hydrolysate (eCH) and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids could affect human primary adipocyte function in vitro. Incubation conditions with the different nutritional factors were validated by assessing cell vitality with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and neutral red incorporation. Intracellular triglyceride content was assessed with Oil Red O staining. The effect of eCH, a non-peptidic amino acid mixture (AA), and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) on adiponectin and leptin secretion was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intracellular adiponectin expression and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation were analyzed by Western blot, while monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) release was explored by ELISA. The eCH concentration dependently increased adiponectin secretion in human primary adipocytes through its intrinsic peptide bioactivity, since the non-peptidic mixture, AA, could not mimic eCH’s effects on adiponectin secretion. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and DHA combined with arachidonic acid (ARA) upregulated adiponectin secretion. However, only DHA and DHA/ARA exerted a potentanti-inflammatory effect reflected by prevention of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced NF-κB activation and MCP-1 secretion in human adipocytes. eCH and DHA alone or in combination with ARA, may hold the key for nutritional programming through their anti-inflammatory action to prevent diseases with low-grade chronic inflammation such as obesity or diabetes.     

酪蛋白磷酸多肽-无定形磷酸钙对固定正畸所致牙釉质脱矿的影响

研究酪蛋白磷酸多肽-无定形磷酸钙（商品名GC护牙素）对固定正畸所致牙釉质脱矿的影响。选择固定正畸治疗患者40例,经签字同意进入实验。以随机数字表法随机分为对照组、实验组各20例。对照组在口腔卫生宣教的基础上采用单纯口腔卫生措施,实验组在对照组的基础上使用GC护牙素。2组患者从治疗开始,进行连续13个月的牙〖XCz1.tif,JZ〗照片观察。观测指标为牙面是否有新出现的的白垩色斑片或龋洞,统计并计算牙釉质脱矿率及脱矿指数（EDI）。（1）对照组、实验组的牙釉质脱矿率均随着时间的增加而增高;（2）对照组EDI高于实验组。在口腔卫生措施的基础上使用GC护牙素预防固定正畸所致牙釉质脱矿是一种安全有效的措施。     

Oxidized casein impairs antioxidant defense system and induces hepatic and renal injury in mice

ScopeOxidized protein products (OPPs) can be easily found in meat and milk during processing and storage. Evidence supports that accumulation of endogenous OPPs plays a negative role in physiological metabolism. However, the impacts of dietary OPPs and the mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. The present study evaluated whether oral oxidized casein would destruct the antioxidant defense system and cause potential oxidized injury in mice liver and kidney.Methods and resultsWe performed oxidized casein (modified respectively by H₂O₂–Cu and HClO) feeding experiments using KM mice (20–22 g). A 10-weeks feeding of oxidized casein as basal protein caused oxidative stress by increasing protein carbonylation (PC), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), dityrosine (Dityr), lipid peroxidation and ROS levels in mice liver, kidney and blood (P < 0.05). In mice liver and kidney, the mRNA expression of Nrf2, γ-GCS, HO-1, GPX-3, and GPX-4 up-regulated, the protein level of Nrf2 in nucleus increased. However, activities of anti-oxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPX) decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, histopathological examination displayed the formation of fibrous septa in mice liver and kidney after oxidized casein feeding.ConclusionOxidized casein impairs antioxidant defense system and induces hepatic and renal fibrosis.     

水解酪蛋白肽粉抗肾性高血压大鼠心肌重构作用研究

摘 要 目的：考察酪蛋白肽粉对肾性高血压大鼠收缩压及心肌重构的作用并探讨其机制。方法: 将60只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、阳性对照组（依那普利,1 mg·kg-1）,水解酪蛋白肽粉低（12.5 mg·kg-1）、中（25 mg·kg-1）、高（50 mg·kg-1）剂量组,每组10只。用双肾双夹法建立肾性高血压大鼠模型,连续给药4周后,测定大鼠收缩压、心脏结构;Masson染色后观察心脏胶原含量;测定心脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的含量变化,肥大基因β肌球蛋白重链（β-MHC）、纤维连接蛋白（FN）mRNA表达及还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶（NADPH）亚型NOX 2、NOX 4 mRNA表达。 结果: 酪蛋白肽粉中、高剂量组与模型组相比能降低肾性高血压大鼠收缩压,改善心肌重构,减轻心肌肥厚和心肌纤维化,降低β-MHC、FN、NOX 2、NOX 4 mRNA的表达,增加SOD活性,降低MDA含量（P＜0.05）。结论: 酪蛋白肽粉对肾性高血压大鼠具有积极的心肌保护作用,这可能与降低β-MHC、FN、NOX 2、NOX 4 mRNA的表达,减轻氧化应激有关。     

In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet

Imbalances in gut microbiota composition during ulcerative colitis (UC) indicate a role for the microbiota in propagating the disorder. Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Healthy cultures gave two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels with up to ten-fold higher butyrate production. Starch gave the highest growth and SCFA production (particularly butyrate), indicating starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity. Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. Furthermore, SRB growth was stimulated by peptone presumably due to the presence of sulphur-rich amino acids. The results suggest raised SRB levels in UC, which could contribute to the condition through release of toxic sulphide.     

The investigation of non‐invasive techniques for treating early approximal carious lesions: an in vivo study

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine non‐cavitated approximal caries using non‐invasive treatment methods. Materials and methods : Molar and premolar teeth with approximal caries were used in this in vivo study. Approximal caries lesions were evaluated with visual and radiographic inspection and with the DIAGNOdent device. Five groups were formed to study non‐invasive treatment, and each had at least 25 early approximal carious lesions. Patients in the control group were not treated. After the separation, either ozone application, acidulated phosphate fluoride gel, CPP‐ACP‐containing material (Tooth Mousse), or an antibacterial bonding agent (Clearfil Protect Bond) was used. For 18 months after the non‐invasive treatment, radiological controls were used to observe the progress of the initial and approximal caries in the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months of follow‐up. A Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to perform the statistical analysis; in‐group comparisons were made with the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and a quantitative assessment was performed using a chi‐squared test. Results: At the end of 18 months, the caries lesions in the control group were observed to progress (P < 0.01). The lesions that were scored as 1a during a visual inspection recovered by using non‐invasive treatments. Conclusion: Approximal caries lesions that were detected at the early stages remained stationary when using antibacterial agents and materials that promoted remineralisation. Clinical relevance: Antibacterial agents and remineralisation materials can be used in treatment of early approximal caries lesions.