重组人干扰素α-1b联合人免疫球蛋白对毛细支气管炎重症患儿临床疗效及血清细胞因子表达的影响

目的：观察重组人干扰素α-1b联合人免疫球蛋白对毛细支气管炎重症患儿临床疗效及血清细胞因子表达的影响。方法：选取2013年1月-2016年6月某院收治的毛细支气管炎重症患儿267例,随机分为常规治疗组（A组,n=89）、干扰素组（B组,n=89）、观察组（C组,n=89）,A组给予吸氧、雾化吸入糖皮质激素等常规治疗;B组在A组常规治疗基础上给予重组人干扰素α-1b雾化吸入,2.0 μg·kg^-1,2次/天,疗程7 d;C组在B组治疗基础上给予静滴人免疫球蛋白400 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,连续使用5 d。统计并比较3组患儿咳嗽、喘憋、呼吸啰音等症状消失时间和疗效指标评分,同时观察记录不良反应情况。结果：经药物治疗后,C组患者临床疗效指标得到明显改善,临床总有效率达91.01%,明显高于A组（66.29%）、B组（71.91%）,差异具有显著性（P<0.05）。C组患儿血清细胞因子与治疗前相比,有明显差异（P<0.05）;与A、B组相比,差异有显著性（P<0.05）。3组患者在治疗结束后,临床不良反应发生情况差异无显著性（P>0.05）。结论：重组人干扰素α-1b雾化吸入联合静滴人免疫球蛋白治疗儿童毛细支气管炎可显著减轻临床症状,缩短症状消失时间,临床安全性较好。     

布地奈德联合特布他林治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎对肺功能及再次喘息的影响

[摘要]目的：探讨布地奈德联合特布他林治疗对婴幼儿毛细支气管炎患儿肺功能和再次喘息的影响。方法：选取2014年3月至2015年10月我院儿科病区住院治疗的126例毛细支气管患儿,采用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组各63例。两组患儿入院后均接受常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上应用布地奈德混悬液氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上应用布地奈德联合特布他林氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗。比较两组患儿治疗前和治疗3 d后的肺功能指标;治疗7 d后评价两组患儿的治疗效果、临床症状消失时间;随访记录两组患儿1年内发生再次喘息的情况。结果：治疗3 d后,观察组患儿肺功能指标改善情况优于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗7 d后,观察组总有效率93.65%高于对照组的74.60%（P<0.01）,喘憋消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、哮鸣音消失时间、心率恢复正常时间、住院时间均短于对照组（P<0.01）;随访1年,观察组再次喘息发生率17.46%,低于对照组的49.21%（P<0.01）。结论：布地奈德联合特布他林治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎,效果显著,可快速缓解症状,改善肺功能,降低喘息复发风险,值得临床推广应用。     

Multicenter evaluation of parametric response mapping as an indicator of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Parametric response mapping (PRM) is a novel computed tomography (CT) technology that has shown potential for assessment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether variations in image acquisition under real‐world conditions affect the PRM measurements of clinically diagnosed BOS. CT scans were obtained retrospectively from 72 HCT recipients with BOS and graft‐versus‐host disease from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Karolinska Institute, and the University of Michigan. Whole lung volumetric scans were performed at inspiration and expiration using site‐specific acquisition and reconstruction protocols. PRM and pulmonary function measurements were assessed. Patients with moderately severe BOS at diagnosis (median forced expiratory volume at 1 second [FEV1] 53.5% predicted) had similar characteristics between sites. Variations in site‐specific CT acquisition protocols had a negligible effect on the PRM‐derived small airways disease (SAD), that is, BOS measurements. PRM‐derived SAD was found to correlate with FEV1% predicted and FEV1/ forced vital capacity (R = ?0.236, P = .046; and R = ?0.689, P < .0001, respectively), which suggests that elevated levels in the PRM measurements are primarily affected by BOS airflow obstruction and not CT scan acquisition parameters. Based on these results, PRM may be applied broadly for post‐HCT diagnosis and monitoring of BOS.     

高压氧佐治毛细支气管炎患儿43例临床观察

目的观察高压氧佐治毛细支气管炎的临床疗效。方法按照随机对照原则选取86例2011年12月至2012年12月来我院住院治疗的支气管炎患儿作为研究对象,分为传统对照组与高压氧组各43例。传统对照组采用一般治疗及一般护理,高压氧组在一般治疗的基础上配合高压氧治疗,并采取精细护理,观察2组患儿的临床疗效。结果传统对照组显效15例,有效10例,无效18例,总有效率58．14％;高压氧组显效35例,有效8例,总有效率100．00％。2组总有效率比较,差异有统计意义（P〈0．05）,表明高压氧组疗效显著优于传统对照组。2组治疗后感染、咳嗽、喘憋等临床症状均显著缓解,与同组治疗前比较,差异有统计意义（P〈0．05）,但高压氧组缓解更为显著,差异有统计意义（P〈0．05）。结论高压氧佐治毛细支气管炎疗效确切,且无明显不良反应,值得临床推广应用。     

异丙托溴铵雾化液联合3%高渗盐水辅助治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的临床观察

目的 观察异丙托溴铵雾化液联合3%高渗盐水辅助治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2010年1月-2013年10月诸城市妇幼保健院收治的毛细支气管炎患儿168例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各84例。所有患儿常规性进行吸氧、抗病毒、抗炎、止咳、退热、化痰及激素治疗。对照组在常规性治疗基础上雾化吸入3%高渗盐水,3 mL/次,3～4次/d。治疗组雾化吸入异丙托溴铵雾化液联合3%高渗盐水,3 mL/次,3～4次/d。两组均持续治疗14 d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组患儿喘憋消失时间,哮鸣音消失时间,肺部X线影像好转时间和住院时间。结果 治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为95.24%、84.52%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,治疗组喘憋消失、哮鸣音消失、肺部X线影像好转及住院时间均显著短于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 异丙托溴铵雾化液联合3%高渗盐水辅助治疗小儿毛细支气管炎具有较好的临床疗效,可明显改善患儿的症状、体征,值得临床推广应用。     

孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎的临床评价

目的 评价孟鲁司特钠在呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染的儿童毛细支气管炎治疗中的应用价值。方法 120 例确诊RSV 感染性毛细支气管炎的患儿随机分为2 组,对照组和治疗组各60 例。对照组采用常规疗法,治疗组在对照组基础上加用孟鲁司特钠5 mg/次、口服1 次/d,比较治疗7 d 后两组的疗效及预后。结果 治疗组患儿的咳嗽消失时间、喘憋消失时间、呼吸困难消失时间、肺部湿罗音消失时间、住院时间均显著的低于对照组(P< 0.01)。治疗第3、7 天两组患儿的尿白三烯E4(LTE4)、血清半胱氨酸白三烯(CysLTS)、血氧饱和度(TcSaO2)均较治疗前显著好转(P< 0.05),且治疗组优于对照组(P< 0.05)。治疗第7 天治疗组患儿的临床有效率为95%,显著高于对照组的83.33%(P< 0.05);治疗组的复发率为3.33%,显著低于对照组的13.33%(P< 0.05)。结论 孟鲁司特钠结合常规疗法治疗RSV 毛细支气管炎具有缩短治疗时间、尽快缓解临床症状,改善LTE4、CysLTS 炎症因子的作用,从而有效提高临床疗效。     

High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in children after lung transplantation

Bronchiolitis obliterans and its clinical correlate bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may be a contributing factor for the development of BOS. Since 2002, all recipients of lung and heart-lung transplantation at our institution have been routinely investigated for GERD. In this observational study, we report on the prevalence of GERD in this population, including all pediatric patients undergoing single (SLTx) or double (DLTx) lung transplantation or heart-lung (HLTx) transplantation from January 2003-May 2004. GERD was assessed 3-6 months after transplantation by 24-hr pH testing. The fraction time (Ft) with a pH < 4 within a 24-hr period was recorded. Spirometry data, episodes of confirmed acute rejection, and demographic data were also collected. Ten transplant operations were performed: 4 DLTx, 1 SLTx, and 5 HLTx. Nine patients had cystic fibrosis. One patient had end-stage pulmonary disease secondary to chronic aspiration pneumonia and postadenovirus lung damage. Of 10 patients tested, 2 had severe GERD (Ft > 20%), 5 had moderate GERD (Ft 10-20%), 2 had mild GERD (Ft 5-10%), and 1 had no GERD. The only patient in this group with no GERD had a Nissen fundoplication pretransplant. All study patients were asymptomatic for GERD. All patients with episodes of rejection had moderate to severe GERD posttransplant. There was no association between severity of GERD and peak spirometry results posttransplant. Moderate to severe GERD is common following lung transplantation in children.     

沧州地区农村毛细支气管炎患儿支气管哮喘患病率及危险因素调查

目的 研究农村地区毛细支气管炎患儿发生支气管哮喘的相关危险因素,为农村毛细支气管炎患儿防治哮喘提供临床参考。方法 选取2005年1月-2008年5月沧州地区农村毛细支气管炎患儿575例,于2011年5月-2013年10月,分阶段对患儿进行29项因素问卷调查及相关的临床体检,完成调查300例,分为哮喘组和非哮喘组。各因素与哮喘的相关性统计,采用软件SPSS 16.0,进行多元Logistic回归分析。结果 300例毛细支气管炎患儿,哮喘患病率为26.33%;哮喘的危险因素依次为:反复下呼吸道感染(X10)(OR=65.562;95%CI:21.604~198.963),一二级亲属过敏性鼻炎史(X6)(OR=8.161;95%CI:2.735~24.350),湿疹史(X3)(OR=5.538;95%CI:2.322~13.208),个人过敏史(X4)(OR=3.458;95%CI:1.529~7.823),一二级亲属哮喘史(X5)(OR=3.204;95%CI:1.330~7.721)。结论 反复下呼吸道感染是哮喘发生的强预测因子、一二级亲属过敏性鼻炎、哮喘史、湿疹史、个人过敏史是本地区农村毛细支气管炎患儿发生哮喘的危险因素。