重组人内皮抑素腺病毒抗肿瘤实验研究

目的肿瘤生长具有血管依赖性。内皮抑素为胶原X羧基末端裂解片段,是重要的内源性血管抑制因子。实验中利用重组人内皮抑素腺病毒(recombinanthumanendostatinadenorirus,Ad-hEndo)在肿瘤局部给药以探索其抗血管基因治疗的可行性。方法以Ad-hEndo感染体外培养肿瘤细胞,观察重组蛋白表达及其对培养的血管内皮细胞的抑制效应;在裸鼠A549肺癌模型中瘤内注射重组病毒,观察肿瘤抑制效应、剂量依从效应和毒副反应。结果不同感染复数的Ad-hEndo感染肿瘤细胞均表达重组内皮抑素蛋白,并能抑制血管内皮细胞的生长。动物实验中Ad-hEndo治疗组肿瘤体积及肺转移结节数明显低于对照组,且转移数与治疗剂量负相关。结论以腺病毒为载体的肿瘤局部血管基因治疗能抑制肿瘤新生血管形成进而有效抑制肿瘤生长和转移,其效应具有剂量依从性。     

肿瘤疫苗的研究现状

肿瘤在体内的排斥/控制主要依赖于肿瘤抗原特异性T淋巴细胞.T淋巴细胞通过TCR与肿瘤细胞表面表达的HLA-抗原肽复合物的相互作用来识别其靶分子.与特异性HLA-抗原肽复合物有价值的相互作用诱导了淋巴细胞克隆的扩增以及一系列的免疫反应.目前,从理论上已经提出了以整个肿瘤细胞,或纯化的肿瘤抗原作为疫苗(包括整个蛋白质分子和抗原肽及纯化的DNA分子)来提高免疫系统对肿瘤的识别和排斥.本文从免疫系统对肿瘤细胞的识别、疫苗诱导的体内抗肿瘤免疫的假设机制、疫苗接种所诱导的抗肿瘤反应以及临床结果几个方面,对当前肿瘤疫苗的研究现状作一简要综述,并对肿瘤疫苗研究中尚待解决的问题作了简单的归纳.     

Photoreceptor differentiation of retinoblastoma: An electron microscopic study of 29 retinoblastomas

Retinoblastomas exhibit a unique form of differentiation to produce cell elements similar to those seen in a photoreceptor cell. An ultrastructural study was performed on 29 cases of retinoblastoma to further clarify the cytologic characteristics of the tumor cells. The age of the retinoblastomas averaged 17.1 months and the tumor cells showing photo-receptor differentiation were demonstrated in 10 cases (35%). The findings were especially notable in retinoblastomas with Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette formation (seven cases, 28%). Similar photoreceptor differentiation was also evident in solid cell clusters without rosette formation (four cases, 14%). The presence of photoreceptor elements was assumed to be significantly frequent both in Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes and in the solid cell clusters. The cell cytoplasm also showed proliferation of long mitochondria and microtubules, reflecting photoreceptor differentiation. The hereditary-type retinoblastoma showed more advanced cell differentiation than the non-hereditary type. Photoreceptor differentiated retinoblastoma showed rather indolent growth compared with the undifferentiated type, and the former can expect a curative treatment by operation. These observations provide additional findings of the biological nature of retinoblastomas.     

人膀胱粘膜抗菌多肽的部分纯化及抗菌活性研究

以５％乙酸冲洗正常人膀胱，获得膀胱粘膜酸溶性提取物。电泳凝胶琼脂糖弥散法抗菌实验分析表明，膀胱粘膜酸溶性提取物中有一条主蛋白带（称之为ＨＢＰ）对致病性大肠杆菌ＭＬ－３５Ｐ株有抗菌活性。以超滤方法对膀胱粘膜酸溶性提取物进行分离纯化，获得分子量低于１×１０~４的超滤纯化样品，其中主要含ＨＢＰ。琼脂糖弥散法抗菌实验结果表明，超滤纯化样品对大肠杆菌ＭＬ－３５Ｐ株、绿脓杆菌ＡＴＣＣ２７８５３株、金黄色葡萄球菌ＡＴＣＣ２５９２３株及血链球菌Ｓ_３４Ｓｒ株均有很强的抗菌活性。采用Ｔｒｉｃｉｎｅ－ＳＤＳ－ｐＡＧＥ鉴定，超滤纯化样品主要显示为两条分子量分别为６．７×１０~３和８．５×１０~３的多肽。研究结果首次提示，人膀胱粘膜内存在抗菌活性很强的内源性抗生肽，是膀胱抗感染防御的主要因素。     

Effect of configuration of muramyl dipeptide glycoside bond and structure of glycoside aglycon on their capacity to stimulate production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by macrophages

Effects of 11 original glycoside derivatives of muramyl dipeptide on the production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mouse peritoneal macrophages were studied. The relationship between macrophage activation evaluated by induction of these cytokines and configuration of glycoside bond and aglycon structure of MDP was revealed.     

造瘘口切口辅助技术在腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除及回肠通道术中的应用

目的：探讨造瘘口切口辅助技术（通过造瘘口切口取标本,行肠吻合及输尿管吻合）在腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除及回肠通道术中的安全性、实用性。方法：将60例需行膀胱根治性切除及回肠通道术的患者随机分为造瘘口切口辅助技术组（试验组）及传统下腹正中切口辅助技术组（对照组）,比较2组患者尿流改道手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、术后住院日、术后疼痛评分的差异。结果：试验组尿流改道手术时间少于对照组[（105.0±18.9） min vs.(117.0±17.7) min,P<0.05];术后疼痛评分低于对照组（4.03±1.50 vs. 5.40±1.69,P<0.05）;术后住院时间少于对照组[（8.27±1.86） d vs.(9.70±1.87) d,P<0.05];术中出血量2组间差异无统计学意义[试验组：（260±155） mL,对照组：（271±154） mL,P=0.784]。试验组并发症发生4例,其中2例为肠梗阻,1例造瘘口旁疝,1例尿路感染;对照组并发症发生6例,其中肠梗阻3例,切口感染2例,尿路感染1例。组间总体并发症发生率无明显统计学差异。结论：造瘘口切口辅助技术...     

10140例肾结石患者临床合并症及相关因素分析

目的 评估肾结石患者的人口学分布和临床合并症特点并探索其相关因素,为临床防治提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月海军军医大学附属长海医院门诊及住院患者中影像学报告为肾结石的10140例患者。根据受累肾脏情况,分为单侧肾结石组(单侧组)及双侧肾结石组(双侧组),分析两组人群在年龄、性别、实验室检查、常见临床合并症上的差异,采用logistic回归探寻可能影响双侧肾结石形成的相关因素。结果 10140例肾结石患者的平均年龄为57.75±13.30岁,男女比例为2.25:1。其中单侧组8171例（80.6%）,双侧组1969例（19.6%）。所有肾结石患者最常见的临床合并症依次为高血压病(HT)、肿瘤、高尿酸血症、糖尿病(DM)、冠心病(CHD)、脑血管疾病。两组在年龄、性别的分布,以及HT、肿瘤、高尿酸血症、CHD的合并率方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而在体重指数(BMI)、DM、脑血管疾病的合并率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验室检查方面,单侧组血清肌酐(Cr)、尿酸(UA)、尿pH值水平低于双侧组(P<0.05);而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平高于双侧组(P<0.05);空腹血糖(FPG)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平方面两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,性别(男性)、高尿酸血症可能是双侧肾结石形成的重要相关因素(P<0.05),而合并肿瘤则更倾向于表现为单侧肾结石患者(P<0.05)。结论 肾结石更多见于中年男性,代谢综合征相关疾病在肾结石的发展过程扮演了重要角色,有必要加强这些疾患的早期防治。肾结石患者肿瘤合并率高,提示两者存在关联。此外,较单侧肾结石而言,男性、合并高尿酸血症与双侧肾结石形成关系更密切,应当引起重视。     

单细胞转录组测序技术及其在肿瘤研究中的应用

单细胞转录组测序是指对单个细胞的全部RNA进行逆转录、扩增和测序,再进行生物信息学分析的技术。自2009年Tang等基于高通量测序平台开始单细胞转录组测序之后,该技术发展突飞猛进。由于该技术能在单细胞水平诠释细胞的异质性,因此已广泛应用于生命科学各领域尤其是肿瘤等疾病研究。本文将主要综述单细胞转录组测序技术流程和技术发展,及其在肿瘤异质性、肿瘤转移、肿瘤微环境、肿瘤药物等研究中的应用进展。     

Gene delivery to glioma cells in rat brain by grafting of a retrovirus packaging cell line

Retrovirus vectors only integrate into the genome of dividing cells and can thus be used to selectively infect tumor cells in the adult rat brain. Gene delivery was assessed by using the retrovirus BAG vector, which bears the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under the MoMLV LTR promoter-enhancer element, and by histochemical staining for bacterial beta-galactosidase activity. Direct injection of this vector (90-900 cfu) into the adult rat brain, with or without prior inoculation of C6 glioma cells (2 x 10(5) cells) resulted in labeling of only a few cells as assessed 1 week later. When the psi 2-BAG packaging line was grafted into the brain, labeled psi 2-BAG cells could be found after 1 day, but not after 5 days, following grafting, suggesting that the grafted cells had been rejected and that no endogenous cells had integrated released vector, or that expression of lacZ had been turned off. In contrast, when the psi 2-BAG packaging line was grafted into a brain region, which had been inoculated previously with rat C6 glioma cells (2 x 10(5) cells), beta-galactosidase labeling of these tumor cells, identified by immunocytochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100, could be demonstrated 10 days later. Thus, grafting of retrovirus packaging lines into adult brain provides a mean to infect tumor cells in situ. The grafted packaging cells may continue to release retrovirus particles for an extended period, thus infecting more cells at the stage of division appropriate for viral integration, as compared to inoculation of the virus alone. Grafting of retrovirus packaging cell lines could be used to selectively deliver "killer" or "suppressor" genes to tumor cells in the brain to curtail their growth.     

Hypertrophic mononeuritis clinically presenting with painful legs and moving toes

A 40-year-old woman presented with progressive lower leg pain and spontaneous toe movement. The EMG showed a posterior tibial nerve mononeuropathy and continuous myokymic discharges in posterior tibial-innervated muscles. The MRI revealed a markedly enlarged posterior tibial nerve. Toe movements and myokymia were unaffected by the proximal transection of the lesion but ceased abruptly when the distal end of the fusiform "tumor" was resected, suggesting that spontaneous electrical foci may have been located along the nerve lesion. The markedly enlarged nerve segment contained edematous, swollen fascicles with marked Schwann cell onion-bulb lesions and angiocentric, lymphocytic, and lymphofollicular infiltration. This nerve lesion is an example of a newly recognized entity called hypertrophic mononeuritis.