已酮可可碱对神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛作用及机制

目的观察已酮可可碱（PTX）对神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛作用及其机制。方法成年雄性SD大鼠96只随机分为假手术组、慢性坐骨神经结扎损伤（CCI）组和PTX组，CCI组和PTX组按Bennett法建立CCI模型．PTX组于术前1d开始至取材点每天腹腔注射PTX 100mg／kg．假手术组注射相同容积的生理盐水，CCI组造模后不做任何处理。于手术后1、3、7、11、14、21d用von-Frey filaments测定机械性痛觉过敏（MWT），按Hargreaves法测定热痛觉过敏（TWL）；并于1、7、14、21d时处死大鼠，取腰段脊髓用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定细胞因子含量。结果与假手术组相比，CCI模型大鼠机械痛阈于术后1d开始下降，7d最显著，热痛阈3d时下降最显著（P〈0．01）。PTX组痛阈在各时间点均较CCI组显著升高（P〈0．05）。CCI后1d即出现IL-6、TNFα、IL-1β蛋白含量升高，于术后7d达到高峰，14d时仍然较高（p〈0．05）。TNFα和IL-1β于术后21d明显下降至接近基础值，但IL-6表达一直持续至术后21d。PTX组脊髓细胞因子含量明显低于CCI组（P〈0．05）。结论PTX可显著抑制神经病理性疼痛，此作用与其抑制脊髓细胞因子表达有关。     

颈椎不稳症的影像诊断(附50例报告)

目的探讨颈椎不稳症的影像学诊断。方法回顾性分析50例经临床证实的颈椎不稳症患者的X线平片、CT和MRI检查资料。结果50例中上颈椎不稳16例,其中,寰枕关节不稳2例,表现为枕底—齿突线和斜坡—齿突线不连续,14例为寰枢关节不稳,其中,寰枢关节脱位7例;下颈椎不稳34例,其中,前屈不稳20例,后伸不稳14例。结论X线平片、CT和MRI综合分析能对颈椎不稳症作出准确的诊断。     

Risk groups for clinical complications of norovirus infections: an outbreak investigation

Norovirus infections have been described as self-limiting diseases of short duration. An investigation of a norovirus outbreak in a university hospital provided evidence for severe clinical features in patients with several underlying diseases. Clinical outcomes of norovirus infection were defined. Risk-factor analysis targeting underlying diseases and medication was performed using multivariate analyses. In five outbreak wards, 84 patients and 60 nurses were infected (an overall attack rate of 32% in patients, and 76% in nurses). The causative agent was the new variant Grimsby virus. Severe clinical features, including acute renal failure, arrhythmia and signs of acute graft organ rejection in renal transplant patients, were observed in seven (8.3%) patients. In multivariate analyses, cardiovascular disease (OR 17.1, 95% CI 2.17-403) and renal transplant (OR 13.0, 95% CI 1.63-281) were risk-factors for a potassium decrease of >20%. Age >65 years (OR 11.6, 95% CI 1.89-224) was a risk-factor for diarrhoea lasting >2 days. Immunosuppression (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.78-20.1) was a risk-factor for a creatinine increase of >10%. Norovirus infections in patients with underlying conditions such as cardiovascular disease, renal transplant and immunosuppressive therapy may lead to severe consequences typified by decreased potassium levels, increased levels of C-reactive protein and creatine phosphokinase. In the elderly, norovirus infection may lead to an increased duration of diarrhoea. Therefore patients at risk should be hospitalised early and monitored frequently. Strict preventional measures should be implemented as early as possible to minimise the risk of nosocomial outbreaks.     

偏头痛患者发作期间听觉诱发电位和经颅多谱勒的变化

目的:研究偏头痛患者经颅彩色多谱勒(TCD)和脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)变化并探讨其临床意义. 方法:偏头痛患者350(男128,女222)例,年龄17~49岁,病程5 mo~12 a. 典型偏头痛185例(单侧头痛105例,双侧头痛80例),普遍偏头痛165例(单侧头痛95例,双侧头痛70例). 对照选择健康体检者135(男55,女80)例,年龄20~48岁. 全部患者在偏头痛发作期间同时进行TCD和TBAEP检查. 结果:在350例偏头痛患者中脑血流增快224例(64.0%),血流减慢110例(31.4%),血流正常16例(4.6%),总异常率95.43%. 典型偏头痛患者MCA(cm/s,大脑中动脉)和PCA(cm/s,大脑后动脉)均高于对照[(70± 7) vs (62±8),P<0.05; (48±9) vs (37±8),P<0.05]和普通偏头痛(61±6, P<0.05; 40±9, P<0.05). 偏头痛患者发作期脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)异常率为52.9%(185/350),表现为Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅲ~Ⅴ峰间期延长. 偏头痛发作间期BAEP正常. 偏头痛病程越长BAEP异常率越高,听神经损害的可能性越大. 结论:偏头痛发作期间有部分脑血流改变,同时有BAEP改变,病程越长BAEP异常率越高,听神经损害的可能性越大. 提示TCD和BAEP对偏头痛有一定诊断价值.     

Multicentre prospective audit of surgical outcomes and acute complications following short course pre-operative radiotherapy for resectable rectal cancer

BACKGROUND: The addition of short course pre-operative radiotherapy to total mesorectal excision reduces local recurrence in resectable adenocarcinoma of the rectum. In a previous retrospective study potential factors associated with early complications following this combination were identified. The aim of this study was to examine these relationships in a prospective multicentre audit. METHODS: One hundred and seven patients who received short course pre-operative radiotherapy in four cancer centres between 1 October 2001 and 30 September 2002 were included. Data including patient age, radiotherapy field length, overall treatment time, operation type, surgical outcomes and complications occurring within 3 months of the 1st day of radiotherapy were collected. These were compared and combined with the previously studied cohort of 176 patients treated at one centre between 1st January 1998 and 31st December 1999. RESULTS: In the prospective cohort only patient age (P=0.001) was significantly associated with acute complications. However, both the overall treatment time (median 9.0 vs 11.0 days P <0.0001) and field length (median 16.6 vs 17.0 cm P=0.03) were significantly shorter in this cohort when compared to the previous retrospective study. In patients from both studies (n=283), increasing age (P=0.002) and field length (independent of operation type) (P=0.02) were independently associated with an increased risk of acute complications. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that meticulous selection of patients for short course pre-operative radiotherapy and smaller planning target volumes may be associated with a lower risk of acute complications. The use of MRI scanning to stage pelvic disease may reduce the number of patients with R1 resections receiving short course pre-operative radiotherapy.     

颅脑创伤急性期双侧硬膜外血肿的诊断及治疗

目的观察急性外伤性双侧硬膜外血肿的临床、影像特点，以探讨其形成机制．并分析其临床诊断及治疗要点。方法对我院治疗的14例（男性11例，女性3例）急性外伤性双侧硬膜外血肿患者的临床、影像资料及预后进行回顾性分析。结果本研究中急性双侧硬膜外血肿常见的有3种情况：中线部位跨矢状窦血肿（5例），双侧对冲部位血肿（6例）以及一侧硬膜外血肿术后对侧迟发血肿（3例），均于伤后48h内诊断。患者入院时GCS13～15分8例，9～12分1例．≤8分5例。手术治疗9例，其中一次手术7例，二次手术2例；保守治疗5例。除2例死亡．1例植物生存外，余病人恢复良好。结论头颅平片对预测急性双侧硬膜外血肿有重要意义，动态CT扫描是及时发现血肿并观察其变化的重要手段：双侧硬膜外血肿早期发现并及时手术者大多预后良好．     

PET/CT显像在探测卵巢癌术后复发、转移中的应用

目的探讨PET／CT在探测和诊断卵巢癌术后复发、转移中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析54例卵巢癌术后患者全身或局部PET／CT显像结果。临床随访时间3～20个月。确诊依据为手术病理检查、多种影像学检查和临床随诊。结果54例中41例有肿瘤复发、转移，13例无肿瘤复发。PET／CT诊断肿瘤复发、转移的灵敏度为90．2％，特异性为84．6％。与PET／CT显像前的CT、B超检查结果比较，9例腹腔及盆腔常规CT和（或）B超检查阴性者，PET／CT显像于腹腔及盆腔发现1处或多处隐匿性恶性肿瘤病灶，31．7％的患者PET／CT显像发现多处病灶且提示肿瘤广泛转移，从而改变临床分期和治疗方案。转移灶的分布以腹腔和盆腔为主，远处转移较少。19例患者糖类抗原（CA）125升高，PET／CT显像阳性率为89．4％。结论PET／CT显像能灵敏、准确地检出卵巢癌术后复发和转移病灶，使分期更准确、更全面。     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨萎缩性骨不连

[目的] 探讨胫骨萎缩性骨不连的原因及扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨萎缩性骨不连的效果。[方法] 对26例胫骨萎缩性骨不连的病例采用扩大髓腔的交锁髓内钉内固定。[结果] 经6个月～2年的随访，骨折全部愈合，关节功能明显改善。[结论] 扩大 髓腔的交锁髓内钉内固定是治疗胫骨萎缩性骨不连的理想方法。     

腹腔室隔综合征的早期手术处理

目的 总结腹腔室隔综合征（abdominal compartment syndrome，ACS）的诊断和早期手术治疗经验。方法 13例ASC患者原发病为：重症急性胰隙炎（severe acute panereatitis，SAP）6例，腹部剜合性损伤内出血3例，腹部率中、肠扭转、急性胃穿孔伴腹腔严重感染及结肠癌晚期肠梗阻各1例，均以膀胱压力（urinary bladder pressure，UBP）俭测和临床特征得以确诊。其中UBP轻度升高3例，中度升高6例，重度升高4例。13例行早期剖腹、腹腔减压术、胃肠腔内减压引流术和其他综合处理措施。结果 确诊后12h内手术者7例，1例结肠癌患者术后伤口全层裂开，腹腔感染、感染性休克而残废；12～24h内手术者3例，1例SAP患者伴发席汉氏综合征术后死于成人呼吸窘迫综合征；超过24h手术者3例，2例SAP患行死于多器官功能障碍UBP中、高度升高者各死亡2例。病死率为30．8％（4／13）、结论 ACS一旦确诊，尤其是中、重度患者应早期开腹，充分减压引流，才可望改善预后。