Assessment of Platelet REACtivity After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The REAC-TAVI Trial

Objectives

The REAC-TAVI (Assessment of platelet REACtivity after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) trial enrolled patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) pre-treated with aspirin + clopidogrel, aimed to compare the efficacy of clopidogrel and ticagrelor in suppressing high platelet reactivity (HPR) after TAVI.

Dual therapy with an oral non-vitamin K antagonist and a P2Y12 inhibitor vs triple therapy with aspirin,a P2Y12 inhibitor and a vitamin K antagonist for the treatment of diabetes mellitus patients with co-existing atrial fibrillation following percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta-analysis

Background:In this analysis, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of dual therapy (DT) with a non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) and an adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonist (P2Y12 inhibitor) vs triple therapy (TT) with aspirin, a P2Y12 inhibitor and a vitamin K antagonist for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with co-existing atrial fibrillation (AF) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Excerpta Medical data BASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Cochrane Central and Google Scholar were the searched databases. Studies that were randomized trials or observational studies comparing DT vs TT for the treatment of DM patients with co-existing AF following PCI were included in this analysis. The adverse cardiovascular outcomes and bleeding events were the endpoints. This meta-analysis was carried out by the RevMan version 5.4 software. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to represent data and interpret the analysis.Results:A total number of 4970 participants were included whereby 2456 participants were assigned to the DT group and 2514 participants were assigned to the TT group. The enrollment period varied from year 2006 to year 2018. Our current results showed that major adverse cardiac events (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.84–1.20; P = .98), mortality (RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.78–1.48; P = .66), myocardial infarction (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.74–1.42; P = .90), stroke (RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.53–1.67; P = .84) and stent thrombosis (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.56–2.10; P = .80) were similar with DT versus TT in these patients. However, the risks for total major bleeding (RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.54–0.82; P = .0001), total minor bleeding (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64–0.85; P = .0001), Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) defined major bleeding (RR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35–0.95; P = .03), TIMI defined minor bleeding (RR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42–0.92; P = .02), intra-cranial bleeding (RR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13–0.95; P = .04) and major bleeding defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (RR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51–0.90; P = .008) were significantly higher with TT.Conclusions:DT with a NOAC and a P2Y12 inhibitor was associated with significantly less bleeding events without increasing the adverse cardiovascular outcomes when compared to TT with aspirin, a P2Y12 inhibitor and a Vitamin K antagonist for the treatment of DM patients with co-existing AF following PCI. Hence, DT is comparable in efficacy, but safer compared to TT. This interesting hypothesis will have to be confirmed in future studies.     

Long-term efficacy and safety of rabeprazole in patients taking low-dose aspirin with a history of peptic ulcers: a phase 2/3, randomized,parallel-group, multicenter,extension clinical trial

A 24-week, double-blind, clinical trial of rabeprazole for the prevention of recurrent peptic ulcers caused by low-dose aspirin (LDA) has been reported, but trials for longer than 24 weeks have not been reported. The aim of this study is to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of rabeprazole for preventing peptic ulcer recurrence on LDA therapy. Eligible patients had a history of peptic ulcers on long-term LDA (81 or 100 mg/day) therapy. Patients with no recurrence of peptic ulcers at the end of the 24-week double-blind phase with rabeprazole (10- or 5-mg once daily) or teprenone (50 mg three times daily) entered the extension phase. Rabeprazole doses were maintained for a maximum of 76 weeks, including the double-blind 24-week period and the extension phase period (long-term rabeprazole 10- and 5-mg groups). Teprenone was randomly switched to rabeprazole 10 or 5 mg for a maximum of 52 weeks in the extension phase (newly-initiated rabeprazole 10- and 5-mg groups). The full analysis set consisted of 151 and 150 subjects in the long-term rabeprazole 10- and 5-mg groups, respectively, and the cumulative recurrence rates of peptic ulcers were 2.2 and 3.7%, respectively. Recurrent peptic ulcers were not observed in the newly-initiated rabeprazole 10- and 5-mg groups. No bleeding ulcers were reported. No clinically significant safety findings, including cardiovascular events, emerged. The use of long-term rabeprazole 10- and 5-mg once daily prevents the recurrence of peptic ulcers in subjects on low-dose aspirin therapy, and both were well-tolerated.     

基于 p-Akt/eNOS 信号的阿司匹林对 ox-LDL 诱导的人主动脉内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：研究阿司匹林对氧化低密度脂蛋白（ ox-LDL）诱导的人主动脉内皮细胞（ HAEC）损伤的保护作用及对p-Akt/eNOS信号系统的影响。方法：体外传代培养HAEC,分为空白对照组、模型组及阿司匹林组,建立ox-LDL（150 mg/L,24 h）诱导的 HAEC细胞损伤模型,阿司匹林组在建模前用阿司匹林预处理1 h,利用MTT法检测HAEC存活率、LDH外漏率分析细胞损伤,测定细胞培养上清液一氧化氮（ NO）含量,蛋白印迹法及RT-PCR方法检测p-Akt、eNOS蛋白及mRNA表达。结果：与空白对照组比较,ox-LDL诱导损伤后细胞MTT值显著降低,LDH外漏明显增加,内皮细胞NO分泌与释放减少,p-Akt、eNOS的蛋白及mRNA表达下调,阿司匹林干预后能显著改善上述指标。结论：阿司匹林对ox-LDL诱导的HAEC损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与其调控激活p-Akt/eNOS信号通路密切相关。     

阿司匹林对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠学习记忆能力的保护作用及其对炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNFα表达的影响

目的：探讨阿司匹林对阿尔茨海默病（AD）是否具有防治作用,及是否对相关炎性因子表达存在影响。方法本研究在体内条件下用侧脑室定向注射β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）25-35模拟AD的基本病理改变,用阿司匹林进行干预,测试大鼠在Morris水迷宫中的逃避潜伏期,并用ELISA检测大鼠脑组织内炎症因子白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）的表达情况。将50只大鼠随机分为5组,每组10只。（1）高剂量阿司匹林干预组：大鼠给予含阿司匹林2g/L的蒸馏水溶液喂服,自由进食。3周后侧脑室内注射Aβ溶液5μl,再予含阿司匹林2g/L的蒸馏水溶液喂服3周,自由进食。（2）中剂量阿司匹林干预组：给予含阿司匹林1g/L的蒸馏水溶液喂服,其余同前。（3）低剂量阿司匹林干预组：给予含阿司匹林0.5g/L的蒸馏水溶液喂服,其余同前。（4）模型组：给予蒸馏水喂服,其余同前。（5）假手术组：给予蒸馏水喂服,3周后侧脑室内注射无菌生理盐水5μl,再予蒸馏水喂服,自由进食。第6周结束时,使用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠学习记忆能力改变。然后处死大鼠使用ELISA方法检测大鼠脑组织内IL-6,IL-1β和TNFα水平。结果（1）阿司匹林各剂量干预组逃避潜伏期较模型组缩短,差异具有统计学意义。（2）IL-1β水平以模型组最高,假手术组最低,各不同阿司匹林剂量干预组水平在前两组之间;而3组阿司匹林干预组中,分别为低剂量组最高,高剂量组最低;差异具有统计学意义。（3）IL-6水平以模型组最高,假手术组最低,阿司匹林各剂量干预组介于两者之间,但总体间差异无统计学意义。（4）TNFα水平以模型组最高,假手术组最低,各不同阿司匹林剂量干预组介于两者之间;各剂量组之间又分别以中剂量组最高,高剂量组最低;差异有统计学意义。结论侧脑室定向注射Aβ25-35能使大鼠学习记忆能力下降。阿司匹林干预可改善AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。阿司匹林可能下调IL-1β,IL-6和TNFα等炎症因子的释放,从而对AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力起到保护作用。     

血小板二磷酸腺苷受体H2单体型与阿司匹林抗血小板功能学监测关联的研究

目的探讨血小板二磷酸腺苷受体(P2Y12)H2单体型对中国老年汉族患者阿司匹林抑制血小板聚集功能及血小板计数的影响。方法入选北京万寿路地区服用阿司匹林老年汉族患者431例,使用美国Sequenom系统单核苷酸多态性分型技术对P2Y12H1/H2单体型进行鉴定。采用花生四烯酸诱导的光比浊和血栓弹力图法、二磷酸腺苷诱导的光比浊和血栓弹力图法、血小板活化标记物血小板激活复合物1、CD62P等血小板功能检测,对P2Y12H2单体型与血小板计数及阿司匹林抗血小板聚集功能进一步行相关分析。结果 431例患者中,P2Y12H1/H1基因型285例,H1/H2基因型136例,H2/H2基因型10例。H1/H1、H1/H2、H2/H2基因型血小板计数分别为(216.09±58.76)×109/L,(195.06±55.16)×109/L,(164.90±46.12)×109/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。H1/H2+H2/H2与H1/H1比较,经年龄、性别校正后,多因素回归分析仍提示血小板计数与H2相关联(P=0.005)。结论 P2Y12H2单体型对阿司匹林的抗血小板作用无明显影响。携带P2Y12H2单体型患者的血小板计数明显低于H1型患者,提示P2Y12H2单体型可能是正常人群血小板计数低下的一个基因学标志。     

氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林肠溶片治疗急性心肌梗塞疗效观察

目的分析研究急性心肌梗塞采用氯吡格雷结合阿司匹林肠溶片的临床治疗效果。方法抽取近年来在我院收治的患有急性心肌梗塞的病人120例,采用随机抽取模式,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各60例。对照组对病人单一使用阿司匹林肠溶片,实验组在阿司匹林肠溶片治疗的基础之上加入氯吡格雷,对两组病人临床治疗效果进行对比分析。结果实验组临床治疗效果明显优于对照组,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组病人的心电图ST段改变、PT、APTT以及PLT变化检测结果明显优于对照组,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性心肌梗塞采用氯吡格雷结合阿司匹林肠溶液共同治疗,可以获得良好的临床效果,不良反应少,具有安全稳定性,使病人健康生活质量得到保障,具有临床推广价值。     

脑微出血部位和负荷与脑梗死抗血小板治疗的相关分析

目的探讨脑微出血(CMB)发生部位和负荷对脑梗死抗血小板治疗风险及获益的影响。方法选择伴CMB的急性脑梗死患者214例,根据CMB发生部位分为单纯脑叶组39例,深部/幕下组62例,混合部位组113例,随访各组新发脑梗死、脑出血情况,并比较各组治疗前及治疗1年后CMB的变化。结果深部/幕下组既往脑梗死、高血压和糖尿病比例明显高于单纯脑叶组和混合部位组(P<0.05)。混合部位组基线CMB数高于单纯脑叶组和深部/幕下组[(8.69±2.75)个vs(6.65±2.47)个、(6.58±3.17)个,P<0.05]。单纯脑叶组脑出血比例明显高于深部/幕下组和混合部位组(12.8%vs 3.2%、2.7%,P<0.05),且发生脑出血患者中4例基线CMB数>5个。深部/幕下组再发脑梗死比例明显高于单纯脑叶组和混合部位组(24.2%vs 7.7%、9.7%,P<0.05)。3组治疗1年后仅部分患者复查头颅MRI,其中单纯脑叶组28例,深部/幕下组40例,混合部位组56例。单纯脑叶组CMB进展比例明显高于深部/幕下组和混合部位组,差异有统计学意义(35.7%vs 12.5%、10.7%,P<0.05),且病灶以脑叶为主。结论抗血小板治疗风险与CMB部位和负荷相关,单纯脑叶CMB抗血小板治疗的脑出血风险增加,治疗后CMB更易进展。深部/幕下CMB患者脑梗死复发风险更高。