以化学去细胞法处理同种异体神经与周围静脉伴行修复面神经缺损

背景：有研究表明化学去细胞法处理的同种异体神经修复面神经缺损可以取得较好的修复效果。 目的：在化学去细胞法处理同种异体神经的基础上探索一种修复面神经缺损更有效的修复方式。  方法：将新西兰大白兔随机分为2组,实验组制备面神经颊支缺损动物模型,采用经化学去细胞的同种异体腓肠神经进行移植,且与伴行静脉行外膜缝合;对照组在同样位置的远近端分别切断面神经,但不破坏被切断神经与周围组织的正常解剖关系,再切断处行外膜缝合桥接。 结果与结论：修复后3个月两组兔均存活,面部表情基本对称,胡须活动正常,神经移植处未见明显瘢痕及神经瘤形成。电镜观察结果显示,实验组与对照组右侧面神经颊支传导速度,移植体远端吻合口附近5.0 mm段有髓神经纤维数量,靶肌肉运动终板计数均差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。结果证实,化学去细胞同种异体神经与周围静脉伴行修复家兔面神经缺损的方法可以达到与自体面神经原位移植相似的修复效果。     

日本血吸虫泛素活化酶E1基因的克隆、表达及鉴定

目的扩增并表达日本血吸虫泛素活化酶E1蛋白。方法利用PCR技术得到E1基因序列,并将其克隆入原核表达载体pET28a,转化至大肠埃希菌(E.coli)BL21株,IPTG进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和蛋白质印迹(Western blot-ting)分析表达产物与鉴定其免疫反应性。结果SjE1基因开放阅读框长651bp,编码217个氨基酸残基,Western blotting分析结果表明,纯化的SjE1蛋白能被疫区居民血吸虫抗体阳性者血清、急性及慢性及晚期血吸虫病患者血清识别,与健康人血清无反应。结论日本血吸虫蛋白基因SjE1在体外获得表达,其表达蛋白具有一定的抗原性。     

Significant Long-Lasting Improvement after Switch to Incobotulinum Toxin in Cervical Dystonia Patients with Secondary Treatment Failure

Under continuous long-term treatment with abo- or onabotulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A), ~10 to 15% of patients with cervical dystonia (CD) will develop neutralizing antibodies and reduced responsiveness over an ~10-year treatment period. Among the botulinum neurotoxin type A preparations so far licensed for CD, incobotulinum toxin A (incoBoNT/A; Xeomin^®) is the only one without complex proteins. Whether CD patients with treatment failure under abo- or onaBoNT/A may still respond to incoBoNT/A is unknown. In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, 64 CD patients with secondary treatment failure after abo- or onaBoNT/A therapy who were switched to incoBoNT/A were compared to 34 CD patients exclusively treated with incoBoNT/A. The initial clinical severity of CD, best outcome during abo- or onaBoNT/A therapy, severity at the time of switching to incoBoNT/A and severity at recruitment, as well as all corresponding doses, were analyzed. Furthermore, the impact of neutralizing antibodies (NABs) on the long-term outcome of incoBoNT/A therapy was evaluated. Patients significantly improved after the switch to incoBoNT/A (p < 0.001) but did not reach the improvement level obtained before the development of partial secondary treatment failure or that of patients who were exclusively treated with incoBoNT/A. No difference between abo- and onaBoNT/A pretreatments or between the long-term outcomes of NAB-positive and NAB-negative patients was found. The present study demonstrates significant long-term improvement after a switch to incoBoNT/A in patients with preceding secondary treatment failure after abo- or onaBoNT/A therapy and confirms the low antigenicity of incoBoNT/A.     

Degree of hydrolysis and antigenicity of buffalo alpha S1 casein and its hydrolysates in children with cow milk allergy

Antigenicity of buffalo alpha S1 (α-S1) casein and its hydrolysis by gastrointestinal enzymes were carried out in this study. α-S1 casein was purified by anion exchange chromatography and hydrolyzed for 150?min. Indirect Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed using sera of groups of patients allergic to cow milk and healthy group of subjects non-allergic to cow milk. The patients allergic to cow milk showed significant response to α-S1 casein, which reduced with higher degree of hydrolysis. Maximum reduction of antigenicity was observed for trypsin at 85%. Similarly, α- chymotrypsin at pH 7.8, pepsin at pH 2.2 and pH 5.5 reduced the antigenicity to 63%, 60% and 38%, respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysis can reduce the antigenicity of buffalo α-S1 casein in patients allergic to cow milk. However, a complete inhibition of immunogenic reaction requires supplementary treatment beyond gastrointestinal enzymes.     

不同冷冻温度储存皮片活力与抗原性改变的免疫学研究

以组织氧耗量与琥珀酸脱氢酶为指标,并采用火箭免疫电泳及单相免疫扩散抗原性免疫学检测方法,旨在探讨人、豚鼠新鲜皮肤与不同冷冻温度下皮肤活力及抗原性的变化。结果表明:用这两种指标百分比与平均活力百分比进行比较中,以-196℃速冻组平均活力%最高(70.8%,61%),与其它三个温度组比较有显著或非常显著意义(P<0.05,或0.01)。检测皮片抗原性的结果显示:新鲜皮片匀浆抗原性(量)>-196℃处理组>-80℃处理组>-20℃处理组>4℃处理组。由此可见,经各种低温处理的皮片匀浆抗原性(量)均有不同程度的降低,且温度越高,抗原性越低,即抗原性低的组织失活就越重。     

病毒免疫治疗小鼠H_（22）腹水瘤的研究 Ⅲ．对肿瘤细胞膜抗原的观察

本文在用ＮＤＶ和副流感病毒腹腔注射免疫治疗小鼠Ｈ２２腹水瘤的基础上，着重进行了抗肿瘤机理的探讨，本研究采用电子显微镜和荧光抗体法，证明被ＮＤＶ和副流感病毒免疫治疗的Ｈ２２腹水瘤细胞表面具有该病毒的抗原，从透射电镜下可见到被该病毒感染的肿瘤细胞膜上有病毒的芽生体和病毒的颗粒；利用间接荧光抗体的方法，观察到被病毒免疫治疗小鼠的Ｈ２２腹水瘤表面有较强的荧光显示。     

Influenza virus antigens conjugated with a synthetic polyelectrolyte: a novel model of vaccines

Haemagglutinin (HA), a mixture of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase (HA + NA), and matrix (M) protein were isolated from the influenza A virus and covalently coupled to a synthetic polyelectrolyte (P). A single injection into mice of the resultant conjugates (virogates) brought about efficient stimulation of the primary immune response specific to the corresponding viral antigens. Mice immunized with virogates HA · P or (HA + NA) · P were largely protected against a lethal challenge infection with homologous virus. Immunization of mice with M · P virogate containing M protein originated from a 1934 influenza strain resulted in pronounced protection against a lethal challenge infection with a 1980 strain. Virogates are discussed as a novel model of artificial vaccines.     

甲型肝炎病毒感染性与抗原性消失的关系

根据Biziagos与Passagot所报告的实验数据,通过回归方程与消失速率常数的计算,表明不论在自净或戊二醛作用下,HAV感染性的消失均较其抗原性为快。     

乙酰胆碱酯酶活性中心的抗原性

以酶联免疫吸附试验及免疫亲和层析方法对ＡＣｈＥ活性中心的抗原性进行了研究。结果显示，ＡＣｈＥ活性中心的阴离子部位参与构象型决定簇的构成，而活性中心酯解部位丝氨酸在完整ＡＣｈＥ可能不参与构成捩的决定簇。     

Protein Aggregates Seem to Play a Key Role Among the Parameters Influencing the Antigenicity of Interferon Alpha (IFN-α) in Normal and Transgenic Mice

Purpose. During long-term treatment of various malignant or viral diseases with IFN- up to 20% of patients develop anti-IFN- antibodies for as yet unknown reasons. Methods. To address this issue, a mouse model using Balb/C mice was established and the relevance of several potentially anti-IFN- antibodies inducing factors was studied. Results. The model revealed that both a higher frequency of injections and a higher dosage of IFN- were more immunogenic and that the route of administration affected the antibody response to IFN-. The intrinsic immunostimulatory activity of IFN- itself also enhanced the immune response. IFN- protein aggregates (IFN--IFN- and human serum albumin (HSA)-IFN- aggregates), which were recently identified in all marketed IFN- products, were significantly more immunogenic than IFN- monomers. These aggregates broke the tolerance against human IFN- monomers in human IFN- transgenic mice. Conclusions. Based on these animal studies it is proposed that the immune response to IFN- in humans is most probably elicited by a combination of several factors among which IFN- protein aggregates seem to play a key role.