肿瘤介入治疗的现状及存在问题

通过回顾国内肿瘤介入治疗的进展,分析其适应证、治疗规范和存在问题,并对肿瘤介入工作的业务培训、科间协作及病房管理等相关问题进行初步探讨.     

数据库技术新进展及其在医疗系统中的应用

论述了关系型数据库的革命性贡献与发展中的矛盾,实现医疗系统中的数据管理功能需要解决的问题,以及对临床数据输入系统的需求。     

Can a failed ileal pouch anal anastomosis be left in situ?

OBJECTIVE: Failure after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is reported with a frequency of 10-20%. The failed IPAA can be excised or defunctioned. Indications for excision and further management of an indefinitely diverted pouch are poorly described. The aim of the present investigation was to investigate pouch-related problems and the histopathological pattern of the pouch mucosa in this group of patients. METHOD: In a cohort of 620 patients having IPAA with a median follow-up of 14 years, 56 patients with failure were identified. The patients with defunctioned pouches were assessed with regard to pouch-related problems and endoscopy with biopsies was performed. Biopsies were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, PAS for neutral mucins and Alcian blue/high iron diamine for sialomucins/sulphomucins. Morphological changes were grouped into three types modified according to Veress and assessed for dysplasia. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients with an indefinitely diverted pouch were found. The follow-up time after surgery for failure was 10 years. Thirteen patients completed the follow-up. Except for two patients with pelvic/perineal pain, there were no clinical problems. The majority of patients displayed mild to moderate macroscopic signs of inflammation. Morphologically, findings ranged from a preserved mucosal pattern to intense inflammatory reaction. No case of dysplasia or carcinoma was found. CONCLUSION: Most patients with an indefinitely diverted pouch had no complaints regarding the pouch. There was no case of dysplasia. Indefinite diversion may be preferable to pouch excision, especially given the associated morbidity.     

Time and cost involved in the care of newly registered patients with diabetes mellitus and other lifestyle diseases at diabetes clinics in Japan (JDDM 4).

AIMS: To study the time and cost involved in the care of newly registered outpatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), compared with patients with hypertension and/or hyperlipidaemia (HTL). METHODS: A total of 313 patients with DM and 58 patients with HTL without diabetes were registered on their first visits to 11 diabetes clinics across Japan. The time and cost involved in their care was recorded over the following 5 months. RESULTS: In the first 3 months, there was an extensive time commitment to both groups. The time spent by physicians was 1.5 times longer for DM than for HTL. The total care time spent by all the care providers for DM was twice that for HTL. The cost of DM care was twice that for HTL, with the cost of medicines excluded. However, half of the cost for DM was for laboratory tests. When these were excluded, and the remaining cost divided by the time spent, the amount for DM was half of that for HTL. Over the 5 months, mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) in DM patients improved from 8.0% to 6.5%, and 72% of DM patients achieved the glycaemic target of HbA(1c) < or = 6.5%. CONCLUSIONS: DM care in a diabetes clinic requires a great deal more time and resources than HTL to achieve the best outcome. An educational system for self care, presently lacking in the primary care setting in Japan, would improve glycaemic control for DM patients in the community.     

体外循环质量管理体系在心脏手术中的应用

目的 探讨心脏手术期间体外循环质量管理的定量评价方法。方法 将可控的生理指标作为体外循环质量目标管理的基础，分析体外循环质量变化的规律，确定体外循环的质量水平与围手术期恢复之间的关系。结果 体外循环质量管理控制项目得分与住院费用呈负相关，R=-0．446，P=0．001，与呼吸机使用时间及ICU停留时间呈负相关，R分别为-0．412、-0．463，P分别为0．041、0．02。呼吸机使用时间与ICU停留时间呈正相关，R=0．06，P=0．001。成人得分偏低的项目是血液稀释不足和静脉混合血氧饱和度偏高，儿童得分偏低的项目是尿量不足、静脉混合血氧饱和度偏高。结论 该体系可以用于心脏手术期间体外循环质量管理的定量评价。     

医院数字化膳食管理系统的开发研制

目的：开发智能型的患者订餐工具和后台管理软件。方法：通过该院自编的应用程序读取医院信息系统(HIS)上患者的基本信息和饮食医嘱，利用掌上电脑和数据库开发技术，完成患者订餐及订餐后的信息管理。结果：系统投入运行后，订餐速度明显提高，差错率明显降低，患者就餐满意度也有所提高。结论：该系统的使用将明显提高该院膳食保障服务水平。     

Autonomy and modernisation: the management of change in an English primary care trust

Recent New Labour policy for the ‘modernisation’ of Government places a good deal of emphasis on decentralisation. This emphasis is particularly marked in relation to the organisation of primary care. However, like hospitals and other National Health Service institutions, primary care trusts (PCTs) are subject to a substantial raft of centrally established performance targets and indicators, including those which contribute to the public award of between zero and three performance ‘stars’. This raises questions about the extent to which employees can exercise autonomy in the context of rigid top‐down directives. This paper presents findings from a study using participant observation and interviews to examine the impact of a training course aimed ostensibly at increasing employee autonomy in an English PCT. The suggestion is that attempts to make employees more autonomous can be seen as a strategy for increasing central control based upon the internalisation by the employees of centrally promulgated values. The attraction of such strategies is that they may be potentially more effective and less costly than alternative strategies of direct control. However, the study suggests that the outcome of attempts by such methods as programmes to increase employee autonomy may be very different from those intended.     

The Usefulness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Anterolateral Impingement of the Ankle

The purpose of this study is to assess the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of anterolateral impingement of the ankle and to assess the most helpful sequence in making the diagnosis. Twenty-four patients who had undergone ankle arthroscopy were chosen. Twelve patients had arthroscopically documented anterolateral impingement, and 12 patients with no impingement on arthroscopy served as controls. Two musculoskeletal radiologists and an orthopedic surgeon, blinded to the operative diagnosis, retrospectively reviewed selective MRI images in the sagittal, axial, and coronal planes. The sensitivities and specificities were calculated for all 3 reviewers. The Kendall coefficient of concordance was calculated for overall agreement among reviewers. Sensitivities varied from 0.75 to 0.83, whereas specificities varied from 0.75 to 1.00. Using the Fisher exact test of contingency, the sensitivities and specificities showed that all reviewers' interpretations were statistically significant with P = .039, .001, and .012, respectively. The axial images were felt to be most helpful in making the diagnosis. The physicians felt that the sagittal images were helpful in 67%, 83%, and 100%, respectively. MRI is a useful tool that can aid the clinician in the diagnosis of anterolateral impingement of the ankle. T1 sagittal images demonstrating displacement of the normal fat signal anterior to the fibula by scar can be useful and help to confirm the diagnosis.     

不同临床和病理分型对肝门部胆管癌切除术预后的影响

目的 研究临床和病理分型与肝门部胆管癌切除术疗效的关系。方法总结1993年至2004年在解放军总医院肝胆外科手术切除的肝门部胆管癌198例病例资料。结果临床分型Ⅰ型34例，Ⅱ型60例，Ⅲa型27例，Ⅲb型33例，Ⅳ型19例，Ⅴa型6例。Ⅴb型19例。病理高分化腺癌35例，中分化腺癌52例，低分化腺癌54例，三者的中位生存期分别为29．5、11、5．5个月；病理切缘阴性者与切缘阳性者生存率有显著性差异（P 〈0．05）。手术并发症出现率41．4％，围手术期死亡1例。结论肝门部胆管癌根据临床分型进行相应的手术治疗；病理切缘阴性是影响预后的主要因素之一；围手术期正确处理，是减少手术并发症，提高患者生活质量和延长生存期的关键。     

安庆市肺结核病流行现状调查分析

目的了解安庆市肺结核病流行现状．为制定结核病控制对策提供科学依据。方法对1997～2001年结核病疫情报告和结核患者登记年报表进行分析。结果5年间，安庆市年均肺结核病报告发病率为61．15／10万，初治涂阳治愈率为90．31％，归口管理单位查痰率为91．05％。结论归口管理是提高本市结核病防治工作成效的重要措施。