Osteoporosis and Back Pain among the Elderly

Questionnaire responses from 120 men and 337 women over the age of 50 years were studied to determine the prevalence of back pain among the elderly. In order to gain a rough indication of the back pain among elderly women which might be due to osteoporosis, the prevalence was compared in the two sexes. The prevalence of back pain without radiation to the legs and concomitant morbidity was found to be similar among men and women up to the 70–79-year age-group. After this age the prevalence was higher in women. Those with exceptional loss of body height or kyphosis had a high prevalence of back pain, while those who had sustained previous hip or radius fractures did not. There was increasing prevalence of back pain among women with increasing number of previous fractures. The study gives little indication of serious morbidity of osteoporosis in the form of back pain before very old age.     

Astigmatism and visual recovery after phacoemulsification and conventional extracapsular cataract extraction

In this study we wanted to investigate the post-operative astigmatism and visual acuity after phacoemulsification and conventional extracapsular cataract surgery. Patients operated between April and June 1993 (n=150) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were examined prior to surgery and at day 1, at day 10, and in week 6 post-operatively. The difference between the post-operative log mean visual acuity in the Phaco group and in the CECCE group was significant after 1 and 10 days, however it was not significant (p=0.191) after 6 weeks. The mean astigmatism was significantly less in the Phaco group than in the CECCE group during the whole post-operative check-up period. This study suggests that Phaco results in a lower post-operative astigmatism and an earlier visual rehabilitation compared to the CECCE technique.Abbreviations Phaco Phacoemulsification - CECCE Conventional extracapsular cataract extraction     

膜性白内障人工晶体植入术

本文报道１９例外伤或手术后膜性白内障行后房型人工晶体植入联合囊膜切开术或Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光囊膜切开，收到较好的效果，１２例视力≥０．３，９例≥０．５。对手术及ＹＡＧ激光治疗的并发症及预防措施作简要论述。     

高龄人群口腔卫生保健情况调查

目的：了解高龄老人口腔卫生保健状况.方法：对80岁以上老年人口腔卫生知识问卷调查.结果：具有口腔健康行为的人群,其口腔健康状况良好.结论：加强口腔卫生保健知识教育,养成良好口腔行为习惯,对促进老年人口腔健康很重要.     

老年性白内障手术心电监护

目的：评价老年性白内障超声乳化伴人工晶体植入术心电监护的临床意义。方法：随机选择老年性白内障超声乳化伴人工晶体植入术行心电监护244例（287只眼）。结果：手术中出现血压明显升高，心肌缺血及心律失常者114例，经及时处理后恢复。结论：老年性白内障患者，术中行心电监护对提高手术安全性十分重要。     

异丙酚复合麻醉诱导对老年人血压的影响

用异丙酚复合芬太尼和卡肌宁对２０例６０岁以上病人麻醉诱导的血压等进行了观察。结果表明，麻醉诱导时收缩压和舒张压分别下降３．６±１．６ｋＰａ和３．１±２．０ｋＰａ，差异均有极显著性（均为Ｐ＜０．０１），尤其舒张压下降的程度更显著，有１４例下降程度＞４１％；其血压下降持续时间均大于１０ｍｉｎ；心率下降不显著。此结果提示该药易造成老年病人的心肌氧供需平衡的损害，应用时应注意剂量和给药速度。     

Lens opacity in patients with hypercholesterolemia and ischaemic heart disease

Lens opacity studies were performed using an electronic Lens Opacity Meter (Interzeag Opacity Lensmeter 701) in a population (n = 321) with ischaemic heart disease. These patients are participating in a trial targetting at the reduction of mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction using a cholesterol-lowering drug, simvastatin. A separate study to evaluate the reliability of the method showed good reproducibility. Repeated measurements after a short time-interval (2–10 days) gave statistically lower opacity values either due to a change in lens transparency or perhaps a change in pigment and cell dispersion in the acqueous caused by repeated mydriasis. Lens opacity values showed a highly significant positive correlation to age. Serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and smoking habits showed no significant correlations to the levels of lens opacity when adjustments for age were made.Abbreviations HMG-CoA hydroxy-methylglutarylcoenzyme A - 4S Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study - LOM lens opacity meter     

A longitudinal study of age-associated memory impairment

An 8-year longitudinal study of elderly people has provided data concerning age-associated impairment (AAMI). In 1985 a random sample of 146 persons aged 65 years or more, living in their own homes, were assessed using the Guild Memory Test the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and other ratings. After excluding 21% of the sample because they scored less than 24 on the MMSE, and another 34% who fulfilled other exclusion criteria, some 48% of the remainder (22% of the total sample) clearly fulfilled NIMH criteria for AAMI and a further 36% (16% of the total sample) were recorded as forgetful. The NIMH criteria are appropriate for certain research purposes but not in assessing prevalence of memory disorders. Follow–up interviews were conducted after 2, 4, 6 and 8 years. The mortality rate and development of dementia among those fulfilling criteria for AAMI appeared similar to the other non-demented groups of subjects; the mortality rate of those with MMSE scores below 24 was significantly higher. Guild test results at 2-yearly intervals showed considerable changes; half of those scoring least well who were retested showed improvement.     

老年人晚期非小细胞肺癌三维立体适形放射治疗

目的 探讨老年人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)三维立体适形放射治疗(3D-CRT)的临床特点和疗效.方法 对108例由于内科禁忌证或其他情况不能手术的老年人晚期NSCLC施行3D-CRT,单次剂量5～8Gy,隔日1次,总剂量68～82Gy.结果 108例全部完成放射治疗计划,1、2、3年的平均生存率分别为65%、33%、28%.结论 对于有内科禁忌证或由于其他情况不能手术的老年人晚期NSCLC施行3D-CRT是一种比较有效的治疗手段,有助于提高生存率,改善生存质量,减少并发症的发生.     

老年患者局部麻醉下施行无张力疝修补术

目的 总结65岁以上老年患者局部麻醉下施行无张力疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝的临床经验。方法 对161例老年腹股沟疝患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 麻醉效果满意，手术时间20～50min，术后24h内可以下床活动，平均住院时间7．6天，术后约4％患者出现尿潴留等并发症。随访1个月～2年未见复发病例。结论 局部麻醉下施行无张力疝修补术具有操作简单、患者痛苦小、恢复快、手术并发症明显降低及住院时间缩短等优点，提高了手术安全性，拓宽了手术适应证，适合老年患者。