Can a pragmatic responsive feeding scale be developed and applied globally?

Responsive feeding (RF) has been recognized as necessary to prevent all forms of malnutrition including stunting and childhood obesity. Specific RF guidelines have been developed, but it is unclear how RF behaviours can be monitored systematically. Therefore, developing valid and reliable abbreviated and pragmatic RF scales is an important global priority. This is challenging, as RF is a construct with multiple dimensions including recognizing and responding to hunger and satiety cues, providing a nurturing environment during feeding episodes, and understanding how feeding needs evolve as a function of the developmental stage of the young child. Further, RF is embedded within the responsive parenting framework that in addition to RF includes sleep, soothing and play routines and the interconnections between them. A recent pioneer study conducted in a rural area of Cambodia validated an 8‐item RF scale through direct feeding observations of 6‐ to 23‐month‐old infants at home, as part of two cross‐sectional surveys conducted before and after a complementary feeding intervention. It is important for similar research to be conducted elsewhere to find out if it is possible or not to develop a core RF scale that is valid and reliable and that has adequate specificity and sensitivity for application in community studies and population surveys globally. As highlighted in this article, different definitions of RF have been used in the field; thus, it is important to reach consensus on a single definition to help move this research area forward.     

坐骨重叠征与发育性髋关节脱位手术后再脱位的相关性分析

目的提出坐骨重叠征(ischium overlap sign,IOS)的概念,并分析其与发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)手术后再脱位的关系。方法回顾性分析2013年9月至2017年5月山东大学附属省立医院治疗的88例(105髋)DDH患儿病例资料,其中男童16例、女童72例;平均年龄12(5~24)个月,平均随访时间34(15~59)个月;双侧17例,左侧63髋,右侧42髋;1髋为髋臼发育不良,11髋半脱位,93髋全脱位。术中行髋关节造影检查,按照Bowen标准选择闭合或切开复位石膏固定术。IOS是指在人类位髋关节造影平片上股骨头软骨内缘与坐骨外缘的重叠关系,二者重叠为Ⅰ度,相接为Ⅱ度,分离为Ⅲ度。将93髋全脱位按照IOS分度进行分组,比较组间再脱位发生率。结果 1髋髋臼发育不良和11髋半脱位者IOS均为Ⅰ度。93髋全脱位中IOSⅠ度14髋,Ⅱ度39髋,此两组均行闭合复位石膏固定,无再脱位病例;Ⅲ度40髋中,闭合复位石膏固定17髋,6髋再脱位;切开复位石膏固定23髋,1髋再脱位。本研究发现Ⅲ度组的再脱位发生率(7/40,17.5%)高于其他两组(P=0.006)。IOS为Ⅲ度的40髋中,闭合复位的再脱位发生率(6/17,35.3%)高于切开复位(1/23,4.4%),差异有统计学意义(X^2=4.518,P=0.034)。结论 IOS与DDH术后再脱位有一定的关系,IOS为Ⅲ度的髋关节如行闭合复位,再脱位的风险较高。     

Chest wall pain following lung stereotactic body radiation therapy using 48 Gy in three fractions: A search for predictors

Purpose

Chest wall pain is an uncommon but bothersome late complication following lung stereotactic body radiation therapy. Despite numerous studies investigating predictors of chest wall pain, no clear consensus has been established for a chest wall constraint. The aim of our study was to investigate factors related to chest wall pain in a homogeneous group of patients treated at our institution.

经络艾灸防治乳腺癌根治术后患侧上肢水肿的效果评价

目的观察循经艾灸预防乳腺癌患者根治术后上肢水肿的效果。方法采用便利抽样法选取乳腺外科乳腺癌根治术的患者150例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组75例。对照组行常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上在手术侧上肢循经艾灸。于术前1 d、术后第14天和术后1个月,测量两组患者患侧上肢水肿程度。结果观察组术后患侧上肢水肿发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论术后循经艾灸可有效预防乳腺癌根治术后患侧上肢水肿,提高患者舒适度。     

高渗盐水和甘露醇在动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者降低颅内压中的应用

目的比较3%高渗盐水和20%甘露醇治疗重症动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血所致颅内压增高的疗效.方法25例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者出现颅内压增高事件时, 随机交替接受等渗透剂量的160 mL 3%高渗盐水与150 mL 20%甘露醇进行降低颅内压治疗, 连续监测患者颅内压、平均动脉压、脑灌注压及中心静脉压.记录有效降低颅内压持续时间、颅内压最大降幅及其时间, 用药前及用药后1 h、3 h血钠水平及血浆渗透压.结果3%高渗盐水和20%甘露醇均可降低颅内压(均 P < 0.01), 两者的降低颅内压作用持续时间及颅内压降幅差异均无统计学意义(均 P >0.05).患者脑灌注压较用药前均上升(均 P < 0.01), 平均动脉压先上升后下降, 但差异无统计学意义( P >0.05).患者中心静脉压稍有波动, 但差异均无统计学意义(均 P >0.05).20%甘露醇治疗后患者血钠下降, 3%高渗盐水治疗后患者血钠值上升, 变化均有统计学意义(均 P < 0.05).20%甘露醇及3%高渗盐水治疗后患者血浆渗透压均先上升后下降, 变化均有统计学意义(均 P < 0.01). 结论3%高渗盐水可作为治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血所致颅内压增高患者的一线治疗药物.     

TGFβ promotes YAP‐dependent AXL induction in mesenchymal‐type lung cancer cells

The acquisition of chemoresistance remains a major cause of cancer mortality due to the limited accessibility of targeted or immune therapies. However, given that severe alterations of molecular features during epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) lead to acquired chemoresistance, emerging studies have focused on identifying targetable drivers associated with acquired chemoresistance. Particularly, AXL, a key receptor tyrosine kinase that confers resistance against targets and chemotherapeutics, is highly expressed in mesenchymal cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism of AXL induction in mesenchymal cancer cells is poorly understood. Our study revealed that the YAP signature, which was highly enriched in mesenchymal‐type lung cancer, was closely correlated to AXL expression in 181 lung cancer cell lines. Moreover, using isogenic lung cancer cell pairs, we also found that doxorubicin treatment induced YAP nuclear translocation in mesenchymal‐type lung cancer cells to induce AXL expression. Additionally, the concurrent activation of TGFβ signaling coordinated YAP‐dependent AXL expression through SMAD4. These data suggest that crosstalk between YAP and the TGFβ/SMAD axis upon treatment with chemotherapeutics might be a promising target to improve chemosensitivity in mesenchymal‐type lung cancer.

Abbreviations

AUC

area under the curve

AXL

AXL receptor tyrosine kinase

BCL2

B‐cell lymphoma 2

CTD2

cancer target discovery and development

CTGF

connective tissue growth factor

DEG

differentially expressed genes

DOXO

doxorubicin

EMT

epithelial–mesenchymal transition

Eto

etoposide

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

ITGB3

integrin beta‐3

MAPK

mitogen‐activated protein kinase

MMP2

matrix metalloproteinase‐2

MMP9

matrix metalloproteinase‐9

mRNA

messenger RNA

NF‐κB

nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells

SBE

SMAD binding element

SERPINE1

serpin family E member 1

siRNA

small interfering RNA

ssGSEA

single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis

TCGA

The Cancer Genome Atlas

TGFβ

transforming growth factor beta

YAP

Yes‐associated protein

YAP8SA

mutants of inhibitory phosphorylation site at eight serine to Alanine of YAP

ZEB1

zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1

ZEB2

zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox 2

     

孟鲁司特治疗呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎症状及反复喘息疗效研究

背景　呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）毛细支气管炎易出现反复喘息，且下呼吸道分泌物中半胱氨酸白三烯（CysLTs）水平升高。而孟鲁司特是一种白三烯受体拮抗剂，关于其治疗RSV毛细支气管炎症状的研究相对较少。目的　探讨孟鲁司特改善婴幼儿RSV毛细支气管炎后症状及减轻反复喘息发作的有效性和安全性。方法　2015年6月-2017年6月连续纳入在潍坊市妇幼保健院出院的RSV毛细支气管炎患儿，随机分为治疗组、对照组。Ⅰ期，治疗组：口服孟鲁司特颗粒（4 mg）12周，1次/d；对照组：口服安慰剂12周，1次/d。对两组无症状天数、个人日记评分进行评估。随访9个月（Ⅱ期），观察Ⅰ+Ⅱ期反复喘息人数和医疗资源应用情况等。依据意向性分析（ITT）原则，应用全分析集（FAS）分析数据。结果　共纳入研究对象186例，治疗组92例，对照组94例。治疗组完成Ⅰ期研究的患儿为89例，对照组为90例；治疗组完成Ⅰ+Ⅱ期的患儿为84例，对照组为86例。治疗组平均依从性为97.8%（7 560/7 728），对照组平均依从性为97.4%（7 690/7 896），两组患儿平均依从性比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.16，P=0.07）。在Ⅰ期研究期间，两组无症状天数、日间无症状天数、夜间无症状天数、个人日记评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在整个研究过程中（Ⅰ+Ⅱ期），治疗组RSV毛细支气管炎喘息复发人数少于对照组（P<0.05），治疗组喘息患儿出现2次及以上喘息比例低于对照组（χ2=5.14，P=0.02）。Ⅰ+Ⅱ期研究期间治疗组医疗资源应用人数、β-受体激动剂应用人数、糖皮质激素应用人数、住院人数低于对照组（P<0.05）。在事后亚组分析中，治疗组有湿疹史与父母哮喘史的患儿中无症状天数〔（49.7±20.2）、（51.3±20.9）d〕多于对照组〔（36.3±20.4）、（37.8±19.3）d〕（t=2.19，P=0.03；t=2.24，P=0.03）。整个研究过程中没有患儿因不良反应退出研究，两组间胃肠道紊乱、皮疹、转氨酶升高发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（χ2=0.23，P=0.63；χ2=0.03，P=0.86；χ2=0.15，P=0.69）。结论　口服孟鲁司特（4 mg）12周不能改善RSV毛细支气管炎患儿呼吸道症状，但能降低患儿反复喘息发作次数。口服孟鲁司特（4 mg）有一定效果且安全。