Ulnar styloid process nonunion and outcome in patients with a distal radius fracture: A meta-analysis of comparative clinical trials

PurposeThere is no consensus on the relation between ulnar styloid process nonunion and outcome in patients with distal radius fractures. The aim of this study was to analyze whether patient-reported outcome is influenced by the nonunion of the accompanying ulnar styloid fracture in distal radius fracture patients.MethodsA meta-analysis of published studies comparing outcomes after distal radius fractures with a united versus a non-united ulnar styloid process was performed. In addition, if provided by the authors, the raw data of these studies were pooled and analysed as one study. The outcome measures of the analyses included patient-reported outcome, functional outcome, grip-strength, pain, and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability.ResultsData from six comparative studies were included, concerning 365 patients with a distal radius fracture. One hundred and thirty-five patients with an ulnar styloid union were compared with 230 patients with a nonunion of the ulnar styloid. No significant differences were found between groups regarding any outcome measure.ConclusionBased on this meta-analysis, there is no relation between the nonunion of the ulnar styloid process and function in patients with a distal radius fracture.     

The Incidence of Acute Traumatic Tendon Injuries in the Hand and Wrist: A 10-Year Population-based Study

Background

Acute traumatic tendon injuries of the hand and wrist are commonly encountered in the emergency department. Despite the frequency, few studies have examined the true incidence of acute traumatic tendon injuries in the hand and wrist or compared the incidences of both extensor and flexor tendon injuries.

Methods

We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study of all acute traumatic tendon injuries of the hand and wrist in a mixed urban and rural Midwest county in the United States between 2001-2010. A regional epidemiologic database and medical codes were used to identify index cases. Epidemiologic information including occupation, year of injury, mechanism of injury and the injured tendon and zone were recorded.

Results

During the 10-year study period there was an incidence rate of 33.2 injuries per 100,000 person-years. There was a decreasing rate of injury during the study period. Highest incidence of injury occurred at 20-29 years of age. There was significant association between injury rate and age, and males had a higher incidence than females. The majority of cases involved a single tendon, with extensor tendon injuries occurring more frequently than flexor tendons. Typically, extensor tendon injuries involved zone three of the index finger, while flexor tendons involved zone two of the index finger. Work-related injuries accounted for 24.9% of acute traumatic tendon injuries. The occupations of work-related injuries were assigned to major groups defined by the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification structure. After assigning these patients'' occupations to respective major groups, the most common groups work-related injuries occurred in construction and extraction occupations (44.2%), food preparation and serving related occupations (14.4%), and transportation and material moving occupations (12.5%).

Conclusions

Epidemiology data enhances our knowledge of injury patterns and may play a role in the prevention and treatment of future injuries, with an end result of reducing lost work time and economic burden.     

Update on the surgical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis of the wrist and hand

Surgical procedures for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis are aimed at restoring function and decreasing pain. Over the past four decades multiple procedures have been described in the management of early and late disease. This article will review the most common forms of surgery used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.     

月骨的临床解剖学及人工假体的研究进展*

目前临床上治疗月骨缺血性坏死的手术方法较多,不同手术方式各有优势,但尚无一种方法在改善患者的疼痛及恢复腕关节功能上明显优于其他治疗。因此,探索新的治疗月骨缺血性坏死的手法方式是手外科医师研究的趋势。近年来,随着对月骨解剖和生物力学分析的深入研究,人工月骨假体置换成为治疗月骨缺血坏死的重要手段。本文旨在结合相关文献资料,对月骨的临床解剖学研究和人工假体的临床应用进行综述。     

对侧控制型功能性电刺激对亚急性期脑卒中患者上肢运动功能恢复的影响

目的 观察对侧控制型功能性电刺激（CCFES）常规治疗及强化治疗对亚急性脑卒中患者上肢运动功能恢复的影响。 方法 选取病程1～3个月的脑卒中患者43例,按照随机数字表法将其分为CCFES组（14例）、CCFES强化组（14例）和神经肌肉电刺激（NMES）组（15例）。3组患者均接受常规康复训练,CCFES组给予CCFES常规剂量治疗,CCFES强化组给予CCFES强化剂量治疗,NMES组给予NMES常规剂量治疗。3组均给予每次20 min相应电刺激治疗,CCFES强化组每日给予2次,余两组每日1次,每周5 d,连续3周。分别于治疗前、治疗3周后（治疗后）,采用上肢Fugl-Meyer评分法、改良Barthel指数、表面肌电图(sEMG)以及腕关节背伸主动关节活动度对患者进行上肢功能评估。 结果 治疗前,3组患者上肢FMA、MBI、RMS比值、关节活动度比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。与组内治疗前比较,3组患者治疗后上述指标均有所改善（P＜0.05）。与NMES组治疗后比较,CCFES组和强化CCFES组各项评估指标均较为优异（P＜0.05）。与CCFES组比较,强化CCFES组治疗后RMS比值（0.22±0.05）、关节活动度［（22.79±6.74）°］较为优异。 结论 CCFES及CCFES强化训练较NMES在促进患者上肢功能恢复方面均有显著优势,CCFES强化训练在改善患侧肢体肌力及关节活动度方面较为优异。     

A method for carpal motion hysteresis quantification in 4-dimensional imaging of the wrist

IntroductionCarpal bones motions exhibit hysteresis that is dependent on the direction of wrist motion, which can be seen during 4-dimensional (3D plus time) imaging of the wrist. In vitro studies have demonstrated the phenomenon of carpal hysteresis and have reported that hysteresis area increases with carpal instabilities. However, their techniques required implantation of bone markers and thus cannot be used clinically. The objective of this study is to use noninvasive 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) technique to quantify carpal hysteresis, and to determine the reliability of this method.MethodA cadaveric wrist mounted on a custom motion simulator was imaged using a dual-source CT scanner while undergoing periodic radioulnar deviation. Ten image phases of this motion was reconstructed through retrospective cardiac gating. The rotational angles of scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum in each phase were derived through manual registration using Matlab after segmenting the bones in Analyze 8.1. These angles were then plotted against global wrist positional angles to produce the hysteresis curves and the area was calculated. The image segmentation and measurements were repeated by 2 raters to derive intra- and inter-rater reliability assessments.ResultsThe hysteresis area was found to be larger in the lunate (96.5 deg²) followed by triquetrum (92.3 deg²) and scaphoid (67.5 deg²). The measurement of the total hysteresis area of the scaphoid had the highest reliability with intra- and inter-rater reliability of 95.5% and 95.4% respectively.DiscussionWe have demonstrated that our approach of using 4DCT imaging can be used to assess and quantify the hysteresis of the carpal motion with good reliability.     

腕部自体动静脉内瘘术前血管超声检查的临床应用价值

目的探讨腕部桡动脉-头静脉内瘘(radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula,RCAVF)术前血管超声检查的临床应用价值。方法选自2016年08月~2019年01月于包头市中心医院血液透析中心首次行腕部RCAVF的患者135例,术前进行彩色多普勒超声检查。RCAVF通畅定义为可满足双针穿刺、泵控血流量>200 ml/min维持连续血液透析治疗6次以上者,并根据腕部RCAVF结局分组进行对比分析。结果腕部RCAVF通畅组99例,失功组24例,死亡或肾移植共12例。12个月时RCAVF通畅率为81%,24个月和32个月均为77%。二元Logistic回归分析,术前超声检查头静脉内径是RCAVF通畅的独立危险因素(OR=4.05,95%CI:1.49~11.01,P=0.006)。ROC曲线分析示头静脉内径的曲线下面积为0.707,最佳临界值为2.075mm。结论术前头静脉内径是预测腕部RCAVF内瘘日后通畅的最佳指标。     

Three-dimensional comparison of alternative screw positions versus actual fixation of scaphoid fractures

PurposeThe recommended technique for the fixation of a scaphoid waist fracture involves a headless compression screw placed in the proximal fragment center. This is usually accomplished by placing a longitudinal axis screw as visualized by fluoroscopy. The screw length has been shown to have a biomechanical advantage. An alternative to these options, which has been debated in the literature, is a screw placed perpendicular to the fracture plane and in its center. The perpendicular screw may have a biomechanical advantage despite the fact that it may be shorter. This study examined the differences in location and length in actual patients between a screw in the center of the proximal fragment with a longitudinal axis screw, and the actual fixating screw. These were then compared to a perpendicular axis screw.MethodsPre- and post-operative CT scans of 10 patients with scaphoid waist fractures were evaluated using a 3D computer model. Comparisons were made between the length, location and angle of actual and virtual screw alternatives; namely, a screw along the central third of the proximal fragment (central screw axis) where the scaphoid longitudinal axis was calculated mathematically (longitudinal screw axis) and a screw placed at 90 ° to the fracture plane and in its center (perpendicular screw axis).ResultsThe longitudinal axis screw was found to be significantly longer than the other axes (28.3 mm). There was a significant difference between the perpendicular axis screw and the location and angle of the other screw axis, but it was only shorter than the longitudinal screw (23.6 mm versus 25.5 mm for the actual screw; ns.).ConclusionsA computed longitudinal axis screw is longer than a central or actual screw placed longitudinally by visual inspection by the surgeon. Although it needs to be placed using computer assisted (CAS) techniques, it may have the biomechanical advantages of a longer screw in a similar trajectory. The perpendicular screw was found to be significantly different in position and angle but not shorter than the actually placed screw. It has biomechanical advantages and does not require visualization with CAS methods, making it the more attractive alternative.