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11.
《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2016,30(5):389-392
Life expectancy for people with severe mental disorders is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population, mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking. However, smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia (Spain). To bridge this gap, the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom-up strategy in Catalonia in 2007. The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations. In 2016, the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals (70.8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units). Since 2007, tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking, training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban. The working group has produced and disseminated various materials, including clinical practice and best practice guidelines, implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with mental illnesses. The next challenge is to ensure effective follow-up for smoking cessation after discharge. While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement, the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings. 相似文献
12.
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in particulate matter that has a diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5). Studies have demonstrated that BaP exposure causes oocyte meiotic arrest in mice. However, whether BaP exposure also affects oocyte maturation in offspring remains unclear. To test this, female mice were administered BaP before pregnancy to generate BaP-exposed offspring. Our findings showed that BaP exposure reduced the in vitro maturation and increased the abnormalities of meiotic apparatus in offspring oocytes. In addition, BaP exposure reduced the mitochondrial content and intracellular ATP generation, induced early apoptosis, increased reactive oxidative species accumulation and the genomic DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mc) level in offspring oocytes. Along with the abovementioned defective parameters, maternal BaP exposure further compromised the embryo developmental competence of offspring oocytes. In summary, our study demonstrated that maternal BaP exposure compromised offspring oocyte maturation and quality. 相似文献
13.
M.F. Werner A. López-Rueda F.X. Zarco J. Blasco L. San Román S. Amaro E. Carrero R. Valero L. Oleaga J.M. Macho N. Bargalló 《Radiologia》2019,61(2):143-152
Purpose
Endovascular treatment with mechanical thrombectomy devices demonstrated high recanalization rates but functional outcome did not correlate with high rates of recanalization obtained. Patient selection prior to the endovascular treatment is very important in the final outcome of the patient. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (pc-ASPECTS) and Pons-Midbrain Index (PMI) scores in patients with Basilar Artery Occlusion (BAO) treated with successful angiographic recanalization after mechanical thrombectomy.Methods
Retrospective single-center study including 18 patients between 2008 and 2013 who had acute basilar artery occlusion managed with endovascular treatment within 24 hours from symptoms onset and with successful angiographic recanalization. The patients were initially classified into two groups according to clinical outcome and mortality at 90 days. For analysis we also divided patients into groups based on pc-ASPECTS (≥8vs.< 8) and PMI (≥3vs.< 3) on non-contrast CT (NCCT) and CT Angiography Source Images (CTASI). Imaging data were correlated to clinical outcome and mortality rate.Results
CTASI pc-ASPECTS, dichotomized at < 8 versus≥8, was associated with a favorable outcome (RR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3-5.2) and a reduced risk of death (RR: 6.5: 95% CI: 7.8-23.3). All patients that survived and were functionally independent had pc-ASPECTS score≥8. None of the 5 patients with CTASI pc-ASPECTS score less than 8 survived.Conclusion
PC-ASPECTS on CTASI is helpful for predicting functional outcome after BAO recanalization with endovascular treatment. These results should be validated in a randomized controlled trial in order to decide whether or not to treat a patient with BAO. 相似文献14.
15.
Hideyuki Masuda Makoto Kimura Akiko Nishioka Hiroshi Kato Akimichi Morita 《Journal of dermatological science》2019,93(2):109-115
Background
Photosensitizers used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat dermatologic disease are metabolized into mainly protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which has five absorption wavelength peaks: 410?nm, 510?nm, 545?nm, 580?nm, and 630?nm. Although only red light around 635?nm and blue light around 400?nm are used as light sources for PDT, the efficiency of PDT might be improved by using multiple wavelengths, including those that correspond to the other absorption peaks of PpIX. Furthermore, because the target disease often occurs on the face, a flexible-type light-source unit that can be fitted to the lesion without unnecessarily exposing the mucous membranes, e.g., the eyes, nostrils, and mouth, is preferred.Objective
We investigated the efficacy of a flexible light-emitting diode (LED) unit that emits multiple wavelengths to improve PDT effects.Methods
HaCaT cells were incubated with 5-ALA and subsequently irradiated with either a single wavelength or sequentially with two wavelengths. Cell viability and reactive oxygen species were analyzed. Nude mice were implanted with COLO679 cells by subcutaneous injection into the flank. 5-ALA was subcutaneously injected into the tumor. The tumor was irradiated with 50?J/cm2 (day 0) and assessed daily until day 21.Results
The synergistic PDT effects of dual-wavelength irradiation and reactive oxygen species production were highest with the 405-nm and 505-nm wavelength combination. This dual wavelength combination was also the most effective in vivo.Conclusion
We could therefore conclude that dual-wavelength PDT is an efficient strategy for improving the therapeutic effects of PDT. Using a flexible LED unit is expected to achieve more uniform irradiation of uneven areas. 相似文献16.
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19.
目的:探讨3D-CRT 低剂量区 V5体积的大小对非小细胞肺癌患者肺功能的影响。方法:收集我院肿瘤科2014年4月~2015年10月收治的46例首次行三维适形放射治疗且顺利完成治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者,对每例患者分别在治疗前以及治疗后的1、3个月进行肺功能检测,分析3D-CRT 低剂量区 V5体积的大小与肺功能变化之间的关系。结果:放疗后1个月的 FEV1%、FVC%值明显高于放疗前且差异均具有显著性。放疗后1个月、3个月的 DLCO%值明显低于放疗前,且放疗前的与放疗后3个月的差异具有显著性;V5≦45%、45%55%三组放疗前后的 FEV1%值和 FVC%值比较差异均不具有显著性。V5≦45%、45%55%三组放疗前后的 DLCO%值均呈逐渐下降趋势,且 V5>55%组的放疗前后 DLCO%值比较差异具有显著性。而 V5≦45%组和45%55%时,DLCO%值降低的趋势更加显著。 相似文献
20.
目的探讨改良内固定融合术治疗成人Ⅱ型痛性足副舟骨(painful accessory navicular,PAN)的疗效。方法2016 年 1 月—2017 年 12 月,采用改良内固定融合术治疗 29 例(37 足)Ⅱ型 PAN。其中男 12 例,女 17 例;年龄 18~50 岁,平均 41.4 岁。扭伤 24 例,无明显诱因 5 例。患者均行 6 个月以上保守治疗,症状无明显改善。术前及末次随访时采用美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)中足评分评估临床疗效;X 线片测量跟骨倾斜角、距骨第 1 跖骨角、距舟关节包容角、距骨第 2 跖骨角。结果术后 1 例出现切口浅表感染,经加强换药后愈合;其余患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无深部感染或骨髓炎发生。29 例均获随访,随访时间 12~33 个月,平均 25.1 个月。X 线片示关节面均于术后 2~5 个月愈合,平均 3.4 个月。随访期间未见内固定物松动或断裂。末次随访时,AOFAS 疼痛、功能、力线评分及总分以及距舟关节包容角、距骨第 1 跖骨角和距骨第 2 跖骨角均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);跟骨倾斜角手术前后差异无统计学意义(t=1.097,P=0.276)。 结论采用改良内固定融合术治疗成人Ⅱ型 PAN 可有效缓解症状,患足功能恢复良好,并发症少。 相似文献