白花蛇舌草提取物体外对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖抑制作用的实验研究

目的探讨白花蛇舌草提取物体外对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖的抑制作用。方法通过体外无菌传代培养人胃癌细胞SGC-7901,将白花蛇舌草提取物以0．05mg/mL、0．1mg／mL、0．15mg／mL、0．2mg／mL四个不同浓度作用于该细胞,24h后采用MTF法检测细胞活性及数量。结果药物组0．05mg／mL和0．1mg／mL浓度孔的吸光值与对照组相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,而0．15mg／mL和0．2mg／mL浓度孔的吸光值明显小于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论白花蛇舌草提取物体外对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖有一定的抑制作用,且抑制作用的强弱可能跟药物浓度有关,值得进一步研究。     

体外受精-胚胎移植后阴道出血原因及临床转归分析

目的:探讨接受体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)和单精子卵胞浆内显微注射(ICSI)患者阴道出血原因、妊娠率、转归。方法:分析我院2001年5月至2006年12月就诊的1384周期IVF和ICSI患者。按有无出血进行分组,比较两组妊娠率,统计妊娠后出血转归。结果:出血组妊娠率79.24%(229/289),未出血组妊娠率31.87%(349/1095),差别有显著性(P<0.05)。胚胎停止发育86例14.87%、先兆流产84例14.53%、早产48例8.30%、生化妊娠5例0.87%、输卵管妊娠3例0.52%、宫内外同时妊娠2例0.35%、宫颈妊娠1例0.17%。结论:IVF-ET和ICSI后阴道出血患者妊娠率明显高于无出血者,妊娠后出血病因最常见为流产,继续妊娠率为57.64%(132/229)。     

The in vitro perifused rat ovary: I. Steroid secretion in response to ramp and pulsatile stimulation with luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

A computer-controlled perfusion apparatus has been used to investigate the effects of different patterns of hormonal stimulation on secretion of steroids by ovaries from untreated, or pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-pretreated, immature rats. With ovaries from untreated rats, a low rate of increasing concentration of gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone (LH) plus follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)) induced a maximum secretion of estradiol within 60 min (22.6 ± 1.4pg/mg/30 min). An intermediate and a high rate of increasing gonadotropin concentration stimulated maximum secretion (26.0 ± 1.2pg/mg/30 min) and 28.1 ± 2.8pg/mg/30 min), respectively) within 30 min. Peak secretion, however, was not maintained and was reduced despite continued LH/FSH pulses. Progesterone secretion increased during, and subsequent to, the decreasing estradiol output. Increasing amplitudes of LH/FSH or constant perfusion with LH/FSH did not change the profile, or the concentration of estradiol, but these measures increased progesterone release. An occasional transient increase in estradiol secretion was observed when ovaries from unstimulated rats were perifused with low LH/FSH pulse frequency. Thus, these studies support the hypothesis that in the prepubertal rat ovary, elements of pulse characteristics, such as rate of increasing LH/FSH concentration, and amplitude are important in differentially regulating steroid output. The steroid secretory pattern of ovaries from PMSG-treated prepubertal rats was different from that of untreated rats. With ovaries from PMSG-treated rats, an acute increase in secretion of progesterone, testosterone or estradiol was not observed, whether low or high rates of increasing gonadotropin concentration were used. Rather, the concentration of these steroids continued to rise following LH/FSH pulses. Thus, in contrast to the untreated ovary, the PMSG-treated ovary did not show differential regulation of steroid secretion in response to LH/FSH. In conclusion, we have shown the in vitro perfusion model to be a useful tool for studying the effects of different patterns of hormonal stimulation on ovarian steroidogenesis. In addition, differential effects of gonadotropins on steroid output were shown, depending upon prior maturation of the ovary.     

IVF与ICSI周期实验室及临床结果观察

目的比较常规体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)与卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)两种助孕技术的临床妊娠结局及产科结局。方法对843个IVF-ET及ICSI治疗周期的流产、异位妊娠、多胎妊娠的发生率及新生儿出生体重、胎儿孕龄、先天性畸形的情况进行回顾性分析;并对两组单胎、双胎妊娠的结局分别进行比较。结果ICSI组的受精率显著高于IVF组,IVF和ICSI两组早期胚胎的发育情况、产科结局、围生情况及出生后婴儿的健康情况差异无显著性(P>0·05)。但是双胎妊娠和单胎妊娠两组低体重儿、小于胎龄儿、早产的发生率之间有显著性差异,双胎妊娠组低体重儿、小于胎龄儿、早产的发生率均明显高于单胎妊娠组(P<0·05)。结论IVF与ICSI两组的妊娠结局、围生儿结局相似;ICSI不增加胎儿畸形率及新生儿并发症几率,双胎妊娠是引起低体重儿、小于胎龄儿及早产的主要原因。     

Novel in Vitro Efficiency of Chitosan Biomolecule against Trichomonas gallinae

Background

Development of new natural agents for parasitic diseases treatment has unexpectedly increased to overcome effectively against emergence and re-emergence of parasitic diseases, the appearance of drug resistant organisms and toxic side effects of current agents. The aim of the study was to evaluate antiprotozoal activities of chitosan biomolecule on trophozoites of Trichomonas gallinae.

Methods

The antitrichomonal activity of various low molecular weight chitosan concentrations including 125, 250, 500 and 1250 µg ml⁻¹ against T. gallinae trophozoites cultured in trypticase-yeast extract-maltose medium supplemented with heat-inactivated cold horse serum was evaluated in vitro. Samples containing medium without chitosan were also assayed as controls.

Results

The mortality rates at 0, 3 and 6 h post treatment with all concentrations were significantly different from control group (P<0.05). Treated trophozoites showed more susceptibility to the highest concentration reaching mortality rate of 100% at 3h post inoculation. However, at this time, results for 125, 250 and 500 µg ml⁻¹ were 93%, 95% and 96.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate that the application of chitosan biomolecule is a promising option for treatment of trichomoniasis in pigeons.     

代孕

代孕是辅助生殖技术的衍生技术之一,其出现确实给一些由于医学原因不能生育的妇女带来了希望。但是,随之接踵而来的是诸如商业化、地下化、子代的归属等社会及伦理问题。本文先介绍代孕定义、分类及世界各国立法现状,然后提出几个值得思考的问题。     

In vitro derivation of interferon-γ producing, IL-4 and IL-7 responsive memory-like CD4(+) T cells

CD4⁺ memory is critical for successful protection against pathogenic challenge. As such, understanding the heterogeneity of cells that arise and survive after initial stimulation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells will aid in the design of more successful vaccines. In previous studies, in vivo experimental systems have been extensively used to generate functional memory responses by lymphocytes. Here, we have attempted to develop an in vitro experimental system to generate memory CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. CD4⁺ T cells stimulated through the antigen receptor complex were examined for their memory-like characteristics after 3 weeks of cell culture. A subset of surviving cells expressed high levels of CD44 and low levels of CD45RB (CD44^hiCD45^lo), a phenotype that is similar to bonafide memory CD4⁺ T cells. In vitro generated memory-like CD4⁺ T cells secreted higher levels of IFN-γ, with rapid kinetics, upon re-stimulation than their naïve counterparts. In addition, these memory-like CD4⁺ T cells did not produce either IL-2 or IL-4 but readily proliferated when cultured in the presence of IL-7 and IL-4. These observations suggest that CD4⁺ cells surviving the expansion phase of immune response produce a Th1-signature cytokine and retain responsiveness to IL-4, a Th-2 cytokine, as well as to a well described survival factor, interleukin-7.     

宫颈感染与体外受精-胚胎移植及自然妊娠先兆流产的相关性研究

【目的】探讨孕妇宫颈感染与体外受精-胚胎移植（IVE-ET）及自然妊娠先兆流产的相关性。【方法】选择2013年3月至2014年1月本院就诊的 IVF-ET术后出现先兆流产的患者37例作为研究组,同期随机抽取自然怀孕先兆流产40例作为对照组。所有研究对象皆行宫颈分泌物培养（厌氧菌,支原体,细菌培养）,比较两者宫颈感染情况。【结果】研究组宫颈分泌物培养阳性率为67．57％（25/37）;对照组为27．50％（11/40）,研究组明显高于对照组,且两组阳性率比较差异有显著性（χ2＝17．839,P＜0．05）。两组宫颈感染阳性与阴性者之间TNF-α水平比较,差异有显著性（t＝23．678、27．340,P ＜0．05）。但两组阳性与阴性者分别比较,差异无显著性（t＝1．241、1．352,P＞0．05）。【结论】先兆流产的患者与宫颈感染存在相关性,且 IVF-ET比自然妊娠更易感染,在先兆流产治疗中应常规行宫颈分泌物培养,以提高保胎成功率。     

Alcohol Inhibits Epidermal Growth Factor-Stimulated Progesterone Secretion from Human Granulosa Cells

In this study, luteinized human granulosa cells (GC) obtained during in vitro fertilization procedures were used as a model system to evaluate the effects of ethanol (EtOH), a well-known reproductive toxin, on epidermal growth factor (EGF) and gonadotropin-stimulated steroidogenesis. Our results demonstrate that the basal progesterone (P₄) and estradiol (E₂) secretion by human GC in vitro was dependent on the ovarian stimulation protocol. EGF significantly enhanced P₄, but not E₂, secretion in human GC from clomiphene citrate (CC), human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), and hMG/gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a)-treated patients. The effects of EGF plus luteinizing hormone (LH) were additive in cells from the CC group, but less than additive in hMG and hMG/GnRH-a groups. EtOH at 20 mM or more inhibited EGF stimulated P₄ secretion in human GC from all three patient groups. EtOH inhibited P₄ secretion stimulated by EGF and LH cotreatment in the CC and hMG/GnRH-a groups, but not in human GC from the hMG-treated patients. These results suggest that basal and EGF or LH-stimulated P₄ secretion by human GC, as well as the effects of EtOH, are profoundly influenced by the follicle's hormonal milieu.