一种基于μ子进行核材料探测成像的模拟系统

宇宙射线斗子成像检测技术具有穿透力强、对高Z材料敏感等特点，特别适合检测特殊核材料，是监控核材料走私的有效方式之一。在搭建μ子成像检测硬件系统的同时，我们开发了一套针对实际硬件系统的模拟系统，并利用该系统开展斗子成像方法的研究。本文将介绍该模拟系统的有关情况，并给出利用该系统得到的仿真结果。相信这一工作将对实际宇宙射线μ子成像系统的设计给出指导意见。     

RF refocused echoes of J-coupled spin systems: effects on RARE-based spectroscopic imaging.

A numerical simulation tool was developed to calculate the echo amplitudes of J-coupled resonances within a series of radiofrequency (RF) refocused echoes. The signal modulation due to J-coupling in rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) is suppressed only when the inverse of the pulse interval (tau) is large compared to both the chemical shift (CS) difference (Deltadelta) of the coupled spins and the coupling constant. In contrast, the echo amplitudes in ultrafast low-flip-angle RARE (U-FLARE) oscillate around a quasi-steady-state value that is greater than zero (neglecting relaxation and diffusion) even when Deltadelta > 1/tau. The flip-angle distribution over the measured slice caused by the use of Gaussian-shape slice-selective refocusing pulses further reduces the echo oscillations. When the pulse interval falls short of the fast pulse rate regime, spectroscopic U-FLARE provides an improved spatial impulse response in the phase-encoding (PE) direction compared to spectroscopic RARE.     

Simulating realistic zero loop pedigrees using a bipartite Prufer code and graphical modelling.

Graph algorithms previously developed by the authors are adapted to simulate pedigrees similar to those used in genetic linkage studies which associate disease phenotypes with specific genomic locations. Pedigrees are chosen uniformly at random from the set of those with specified numbers of individuals and matings and which contain no loops. Summary statistics from pedigrees generated in this way can be used to check real pedigrees for anomalies due to biased sampling or phenotypic effects on the pedigree structure.     

AN-132 block of cardiac sodium channels: A gate-related receptor analysis

Summary Based on the gate-related receptor hypothesis, an analysis of kinetics of AN-132, a new antiarrhythmic agent, blockade of cardiac sodium channels and the gate-related receptor which is bound by the drug was performed by computer simulation. Model-predicted apparent rates of onset of AN-132 (30 μmol/L) blocking were 0.051, 0.038, and 0.034 AF⁻¹ at stimulation frequencies of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 Hz, respectively. The time constant of recovery from block by AN-132 at resting potential -90 mV was 39.5 s. These findings are in agreement with those experimental data documented. The analysis of gate-related receptor shows that AN-132 binds the inactivation gate-related receptor, and the binding and unbinding are modulated by the inactivation process.     

头低位模拟失重状态对前庭功能的影响

为研究头低位模拟失重对运动病症状、垂直视动眼震（ＶＯＫＮ）及体液重新分配的影响，在头低位－１０°的模拟失重状态下，采用大视野的垂直视动刺激，观察１８名正常人的运动病症状、ＶＯＫＮ、激素（ＡＶＰ、ＶＩＰ、ＣＯＲＴ、ＡＬＤＯ）的反应特点。结果表明，头低位－１０°状态下的大视野垂直视动刺激可以诱发出明显的运动病症状，头低位－１０°的垂直视动刺激比坐位更容易诱发运动病。坐位状态ＶＯＫＮ慢相速度有明显的方向性不对称，敏感组ＶＯＫＮ方向性不对称有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。头低位－１０°时ＶＯＫＮ的不对称现象不明显，向下方向运动的ＶＯＫＮ慢相速度显著增加。分析指出，头低位－１０°状态下垂直视动刺激比坐位和秋千刺激的贡献率大。尿中ＣＯＲＴ（皮质醇）在秋千和头低位的垂直视动刺激前后有显著性增加。提示：大视野的垂直视动刺激与头低位－１０°两种刺激的结合可能成为预测空间运动病的方法之一．     

Simulation for population analysis of Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics

A simulation study was conducted to compare the cost and performance of various models for population analysis of the steady state pharmacokinetic data arising from a one-compartment model with Michaelis-Menten elimination. The usual Michaelis-Menten model (MM) and its variants provide no estimate of the volume of distribution, and generally give poor estimates of the maximal elimination rate and the Michaelis-Menten constant. The exact solution to the Michaelis-Menten differential equation (TRUE) requires a precise analysis method designed for estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters (the first-order conditional estimation method) and also considerable computational time to estimate population mean parameters accurately. The one-compartment model with dose-dependent clearance (DDCL), in conjunction with the first-order conditional estimation or Laplacian method, ran approximately 20-fold faster than TRUE and gave accurate population mean parameters for a drug having a long biological half-life relative to the dosing interval. These findings suggest that the well-known MM and its variants should be used carefully for the analysis of blood concentrations of a drug with Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics, and that TRUE, in conjunction with a precise analysis method, should be considered for estimating population pharmacokinetic parameters. In addition, DDCL is a promising alternative to TRUE with respect to computation time, when the dosing interval is short relative to the biological half-life of a drug. This work was supported in part by the Epilepsy Research Foundation, the Nakatomi Foundation, and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan.     

用计算机拟合法制作ALT标准曲线

用赖氏法重复测丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ＡＬＴ）标准曲线１０次，计算机作线性回归和曲线拟合。直线回归结果，酶活性在不高于９７Ｕ的范围内，相关系数（Ｒ）＝０．９９９，斜率（ｂ）＋２．５５×１０＾－３，截距（ａ）＝０．０２８６；而达到２００Ｕ时，Ｒ＝０．０８６，ｂ＝１．９０×１０＾－３，ａ＝０．０６６，，显著性检验两者之间差别为极显著。表明：９７Ｕ以下线性较好但不过原点，大于９７Ｕ之后开始明显偏离该线性。拟合     

片剂含量均匀度计量检验新方案的研究

本文通过大量测试工作,查明10批国产小剂量片剂的含量分布,在此基础上提出了计量检验新方案。采用计算机模拟随机抽样的方法,通过计算绘制了USP XX,BP,JP和新方案在正态分布和10批实际分布下的OC曲线。结果表明,当用于测定生产规模的片剂批时,与国外片剂含量均匀度计数检验方案中统计特性最优的USP XX方案相比,新方案NEW能在化验工作量相近的前提下,作出更准确的判断;新方案SMA能在不降低判断准确性的前提下,减少化验工作虽约三分之一。新方案还可减免分析方法误差对判定结果的影响。     

基于“互联网+”的《临床检验仪器学》虚拟仿真教学实践

《临床检验仪器学》是一门实践性课程,为改变目前教学中实验场地局限、大型自动化检测仪器缺乏等限制,提出《临床检验仪器学》虚拟仿真教学探索思路。本文基于医学检验应用型人才培养目标,形成检验仪器学单个仪器和综合项目训练的虚拟仿真教学设计与管理举措;构建教学效果评价与质量监控的方法,显著提高学生的自主学习能力和综合实践能力;借助互联网共享优势促进医学检验实验教学的内涵建设。     

高效液相色谱分析虚拟仿真教学实施及效果评价

目的 研究传统教学结合虚拟仿真教学在高效液相色谱法中进行药物含量分析的教学效果。方法 以2016级两个平行班的学生为研究对象,分为试验组（44名）和对照组（38名）。以高效液相色谱法分析甲硝唑注射液含量及其方法学研究为例,试验组采用传统线下教学结合虚拟仿真教学,对照组采用传统线下教学。通过比较两组期中、期末考试成绩来评价两组教学效果。用SPSS 22.0软件进行独立样本t检验。结果 期中测试结果表明试验组在实际操作考核方面优于对照组[（17.98±6.75） vs. （14.03±5.92）],差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,而在理论、汇报及报告成绩方面两组差异无统计学意义。两组期末考试成绩各方面差异都无统计学意义。结论 采用传统线下教学结合虚拟仿真训练,可提高学生的实际操作能力,有助于提高药物含量分析实验的教学效果。通过本项目的训练,学生掌握了高效液相色谱法操作、药物制剂的含量测定、分析方法的验证、数据处理及分析报告的撰写等能力,具备了一定的实际分析工作能力。