“血浊”理论在中医现代化中的作用及启示

文章总结了前期有关血浊理论的成果，提出血浊理论是应现代疾病谱系变化而提出的新的"中医理论"，用血浊理论指导中医临床可以纳入检验医学等更多的现代诊疗手段，扩展中医四诊范畴，配合"援药理论"，初步形成了适应现代临床的"理法方药"系统，为指导治未病提供了良好的时代落脚点，为中医现代化提供了良好的理论典范和启示。     

基于黄酮类成分含量构成特征和体外抗病毒活性的不同产地黄芩的质-效评价研究

目的:评价黄芩道地药材与非道地药材中主要黄酮类成分含量构成特征及其抗病毒活性,以探讨黄芩药材的质-效关系及药效物质基础。方法:制备8批不同产地黄芩(S1~S8)的水提物冻干粉,采用超高效液相色谱法测定水提物中黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素等4种黄酮类成分的含量并计算其含量构成比。按不同产地黄芩的黄酮类成分含量构成比,制备上述4种成分混合物作为对应的黄酮类成分模拟样品(E1~E8)。以利巴韦林为阳性对照,采用MTT法和细胞病变程度法,考察8批黄芩水提物样品及其对应的模拟样品对人喉癌细胞Hep-2的半数有毒浓度(TD50)和对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)的半数抑制浓度(IC50),并计算治疗指数(TI)。采用SPSS 17.0软件对黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素含量与其抗RSV活性(IC50值)进行Pearson相关性分析。结果:样品S4(产地为河北承德)的黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷含量最高,样品S6(产地为内蒙古-2)的黄芩素、汉黄芩素含量最高;上述4种成分含量最低的分别为样品S6、S6、S7(产地为北京)、S4。样品S4中黄酮苷类成分含量较高,相应的苷元类成分含量较低,其黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素的含量构成比为1∶0.224∶0.111∶0.013;样品S6中黄酮苷类成分含量较低,相应的苷元类成分含量较高,上述4种成分的含量构成比为1∶0.241∶0.713∶0.106。不同产地黄芩水提物对Hep-2细胞的TC50均高于50μg/mL,对RSV的IC50为11.11~51.74μg/m L,TI为1.86~5.20;其对应的黄酮类成分模拟样品的TC50为23.11~52.23μg/mL,对RSV的IC50为4.87~14.61μg/mL,TI为1.85~4.75。道地产区(河北承德)黄芩(S4)的水提物及其对应模拟样品(E4)的抗RSV作用最强。相关性分析显示,4种黄酮类成分的含量与其抗病毒活性的相关系数均小于0.5,两者无显著相关性。结论:当黄芩中4种主要黄酮类成分的含量构成比为1∶0.224∶0.111∶0.013时,其对RSV的抑制作用较强。道地产区黄芩样品具有较优的黄酮类成分构成特征,该特征可能是道地药材发挥最佳抗病毒疗效的重要物质基础。     

The occurrence of non-anatomical therapeutic chemical-international nonproprietary name molecules in suspected illegal or illegally traded health products in Europe: A retrospective and prospective study

The General European Official Medicines Control Laboratory (OMCL) Network (GEON), co-ordinated by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), regularly organises market surveillance studies on specific categories of suspected illegal or illegally traded products. These studies are generally based on a combination of retrospective and prospective data collection over a defined period of time. This paper reports the results of the most recent study in this context with the focus on health products containing non-Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical-International Nonproprietary Name (ATC-INN) molecules. In total 1104 cases were reported by 16 countries for the period between January 2017 and the end of September 2019. The vast majority of these samples (83%) were collected from the illegal market, while only 3% originated from a legal source. For the rest of the samples, categorisation was not possible. Moreover, 69% of all the reported samples were presented as medicines, including sexual performance enhancers, sports performance enhancers, physical performance enhancers and cognitive enhancers or nootropic molecules that act on the central nervous system (CNS). Although the popularity of anabolics, PDE-5 inhibitors and CNS drugs in illegal products has already been reported, the study showed some new trends and challenges. Indeed, 11% of the samples contained molecules of biological origin, that is, research peptides, representing the second most reported category in this study. Furthermore, the study also clearly shows the increasing popularity of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators and nootropics, two categories that need attention and should be further monitored.     

补肾益气活血中药治疗胎儿宫内生长迟缓的临床研究

目的：观察外肾益气活血中药治疗胎儿宫内生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）的临床疗效，探讨其可能的作用机理。方法：将５５例胎儿宫内生长迟缓孕妇分为两组，用补肾益气活血中药（中药组）治疗３０例，并与用氨基酸治疗（氨基酸组）２５例进行比较。结果：中药组新生儿出生体重显著高于氨基酸组。中药组母体宫高、腹围以及胎儿生长参数，包括双顶径、头围、股骨长的增长均较氨基酸组快。治疗后中药组孕妇血清雌三醇、胎盘泌乳素接近于正常组，     

Investigating the safety of plants used in South African traditional medicine: testing for genotoxicity in the micronucleus and alkaline comet assays

Previous studies indicate that traditional botanical remedies can be valuable for treating human disease. The potential risk from long-term use of such remedies has not, however, been fully investigated, especially in terms of their potential carcinogenic activity. In the present study, 51 South African plant species were selected on the basis of their use in traditional medicine and crude extracts were sequentially prepared from different dried plant parts using dichloromethane followed by 90% methanol. These extracts were tested for genotoxic activity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the micronucleus test, with further testing of select extracts using the alkaline comet assay. Screening results indicated the induction of significant numbers of micronuclei by many of the plant extracts. Several samples also induced DNA damage in human white blood cells using the alkaline comet assay. Although a number of these plants are recognised as toxic by traditional healers, several plants that are used in common remedies were found to be genotoxic and potentially dangerous. Environ.     

艾麻口服液对慢性支气管炎大鼠支气管TNFα、ICAM-1蛋白及mRNA表达的影响

目的:研究中药复方"艾麻口服液"对慢性支气管炎(chronicbronchitis,CB)支气管TNFα、ICAM-1蛋白及mRNA表达的影响,探讨其治疗CB的疗效机制。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、慢支(CB)组和慢支+艾麻口服液治疗(CB+AM)组,每组5只。大鼠CB模型通过气管内注入低剂量脂多糖制成,利用免疫组织化学和原位杂交法并结合半定量图像分析技术观察各组大鼠支气管TNFα、ICAM-1蛋白、mRNA的表达情况。结果:Sham组支气管上皮细胞中可见TNFα、ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA弱阳性表达;CB组TNFα蛋白和mRNA在支气管上皮细胞、支气管周围的淋巴滤泡炎性细胞和肺泡间质炎性细胞中可见强阳性表达,ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA在CB组支气管上皮细胞中可见阳性表达。半定量图像分析显示,CB组支气管上皮细胞中TNFα、ICAM-1蛋白、mRNA表达明显强于Sham组(P＜0.01),CB+AM组的表达则明显弱于CB组(P＜0.05)。结论:下调CB支气管上皮细胞中TNFα、ICAM-1mRNA和蛋白的表达,从而减轻气道炎症反应是艾麻口服液治疗CB有效的部分机制。     

Inhibition of Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Oxidation by Extracts from Plants Used in Bamun Folk Medicine (Cameroon) Against Hepatitis

The antioxidant activities of 53 medicinal plants used in Bamun Folk Medicine for the management of jaundice and hepatitis were investigated. The studies were done using rat hepatic microsomes for lipid peroxidation and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for carbonyl group formation. Silymarine was used as reference compound. Fifteen different extracts were effective at a dose of 200µg/ml in both experiments. Specifically, 25 extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation initiated non-enzymatically by ascorbic acid while 18 inhibited peroxidation as determined by reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH). The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC₅₀) of 23 different plant extracts was lower than 200µg/ml in the microsomal lipid peroxidation inhibition study. Fifteen of the 23 extracts were active in preventing protein oxidation by inhibiting the formation of the carbonyl group on BSA with an IC₅₀ value less than 200µg/ ml. The results suggest that the antioxidant activity of the extracts, may be due to their ability to scavenge free radicals involved in microsomal lipid peroxidation or in protein oxidation. These biochemical processes are involved in the aetiology of toxic hepatitis.     

中药本草九代对小鼠血清生物学活性及T、B细胞增殖、分化的影响

小鼠腹腔注射本草九代后，血清补体溶血活性增强，溶血效价由１／８升高到１／３２；血清对免疫复合物形成的抑制作用增强，抑制率由１９３％上升到４２３％；血清对免疫复合物的溶解能力增强，溶解率由９１％上升到２５１％。此外，本草九代还能增强小鼠免疫功能，实验组小鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率和抗体形成细胞数，分别是对照组小鼠的２４５倍和２２４倍     

EML4-ALK融合基因在新疆维吾尔族非小细胞肺癌患者中的表达分析及其对预后的影响

目的:探讨EML4-ALK融合基因在新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者中的表达及其对预后的影响.方法:应用免疫组化法及FISH法检测新疆维吾尔族和汉族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因表达情况,并分析新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因表达与临床病理特征的关系及对预后的影响.结果:新疆维吾尔族、汉族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因表达阳性表达率分别为21.00%、9.00%,经统计学检验发现不同民族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因阳性表达率存在统计学差异,新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因阳性表达率明显高于汉族;新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因表达与年龄、性别、吸烟、临床分期、病理切片类型有关,年龄≤55岁、女性、不吸烟、临床分期高、病理切片类型为腺癌的新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因阳性表达率较高;EML4-ALK融合基因阳性表达的新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者中位总生存时间为22个月(95%CI,11个月~26个月),不同EML4-ALK融合基因表达总生存时间没有统计学差异.结论:新疆维吾尔族NSCLC患者EML4-ALK融合基因阳性表达率较高,多见于年龄≤55岁、女性、不吸烟、临床分期高、病理切片类型为腺癌者,但EML4-ALK融合基因还不能作为独立的预后影响因素.     

Formulation of Cell-Based Medicinal Products: A Question of Life or Death?

The formulation of cell-based medicinal products (CBMPs) poses major challenges because of their complexity, heterogeneity, interaction with their environment (e.g., the formulation buffer, interfaces), and susceptibility to degradation. These challenges can be quality, safety, and efficacy related. In this commentary we discuss the current status in formulation strategies of off-the-shelf and non-off-the-shelf (patient-specific) CBMPs and highlight advantages and disadvantages of each strategy. Analytical tools for the characterization and stability assessment of CBMP formulations are addressed as well. Finally, we discuss unmet needs and make some recommendations regarding the formulation of CBMPs.