Quality assessment of robot assisted thoracic surgical resection of non-small cell lung cancer: nodal upstaging and mediastinal recurrence

BackgroundRobot assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) is the minimally invasive surgical technique of choice for treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), at the Isala Hospital. The aim of this study is to compare clinical and pathological staging results and mediastinal recurrence after RATS for anatomical resections of lung cancer as surrogate markers for quality of mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND).MethodsThis single institute retrospective study was conducted in patients who underwent RATS for NSCLC. Excluded were patients with a history of concurrent malignant disease, with other previous neoplasms, with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and patients in whom the robotic technique was converted to thoracotomy, prior to lymph node dissection. Data were obtained from the hospital database. The difference between clinical and pathological staging was expressed as upstaging and downstaging. Computed Tomography scanning was used for follow-up, and diagnosis of mediastinal recurrence.ResultsFrom November 2011 to May 2016, 227 patients underwent RATS at Isala Hospital Zwolle, the Netherlands. Of those, 130 (mean age, 69.5±9.3 years) met the eligibility criteria. Preoperative mediastinal lymph node staging was done by endoscopic ultrasound/endobronchial ultrasound, by positron emission tomography (PET) or mediastinoscopy. In 14 patients (10.8%) unforeseen N2 disease was found, 6 patients (4.6%) were upstaged from cN0 to pN2 and 8 patients (6.2%) were upstaged from cN1 to pN2. Mediastinal recurrence was detected in 7 patients (5.4%) during a median follow-up of 54 months (range, 1.5–102 months).ConclusionsIn patients with NSCLC, who underwent anatomical resection by means of RATS, an unforeseen N2 disease rate of 10.8% was demonstrated and a mediastinal recurrence rate of 5.4%. It is concluded that robotic surgery provides an accurate lymph node dissection.     

The significance of systematic lymph node dissection in surgery for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients aged ≤40 years

BackgroundSurgery remains the best option for treating early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and lymph node dissection (LND) is an important step in this approach. However, the extent of LND in the general age population, especially in young patients, is controversial. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the correlation between systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) and prognosis in young (≤40 years) patients with stage IA NSCLC.MethodsClinicopathological data of 191 patients aged ≤40 years who underwent surgical pulmonary resection for stage IA NSCLC between January 2010 and December 2016 were retrospectively collected. Of the patients, 104 received SLND (SLND group), while the other 87 patients underwent sampling or no LND (non-SLND group). The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) curves of the patients from each group were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the correlations of the patients’ clinical factors with prognosis were also analyzed.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 55 months. During follow-up, 7 patients died, and recurrence or metastasis was detected in 16 patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no difference in DFS (P=0.132) between the SLND and non-SLND group, but a significant difference was found between the groups in OS (P=0.022). Additionally, there was no statistically pronounced difference in OS or DFS between male and female patients. Multivariate survival analysis showed that the type of SLND, as well as tumor size, is an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR, 3.530; 95% CI, 1.120–11.119; P=0.031) and OS (HR, 13.076; 95% CI, 1.209–141.443; P=0.034).ConclusionsFor young (age ≤40) stage IA NSCLC patients with pathological invasive adenocarcinoma, intraoperative SLND can improve the DFS and OS. Further studies are needed to verify the most optimal degree of LND in young patients.     

超声组织弹性成像技术对甲状腺微小癌的诊疗有效性及可行性探究

目的：探讨超声组织弹性成像(UE)技术对甲状腺微小癌的诊疗有效性及可行性。方法选取2012年12月~2014年4月经病理证实的53例甲状腺微小癌患者共58个病灶作为研究对象,分析甲状腺微小癌的超声弹性成像及病理资料。结果53例58灶微小癌中,病理结果显示,右侧31灶,左侧27灶。 UE成像技术诊断甲状腺微小癌53例55灶,病灶大小为0.3~0.9 cm。弹性成像评分3分10灶,4分23灶,5分24灶。与病理结果比较,甲状腺微小癌病灶诊断准确度为94.8%,病灶部位漏诊率为5.2%。结论 UE技术是甲状腺微小癌彩色多普勒超声检查的有益补充,能够显著提高甲状腺微小癌诊断的准确性。     

乙状结肠二次进镜对于腺瘤性息肉检出率影响的研究

目的在结肠镜检查中运用二次进镜观察乙状结肠的方法,研究乙状结肠腺瘤性息肉检出率的影响。 方法选取2020年12月1~31日经包头医学院第二附属医院内镜中心行结肠结检查的1 800例患者,随机抽取900例患者进行乙状结肠的二次进镜观察,分析乙状结肠单次进镜与二次进镜的腺瘤性息肉检出率情况。 结果1 800例结肠镜检查的患者中,共832例患者检查结肠腺瘤性息肉,其中乙状结肠单次进镜共检出乙状结肠腺瘤780枚,乙状结肠二次进镜共检出乙状结肠腺瘤1 080枚。 结论在本研究中,乙状结肠二次进镜可提高乙状结肠腺瘤性息肉检出率,对降低发展为结肠癌的风险具有重要的临床意义。     

亚临床甲状腺功能减退症对非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心律失常事件的影响

目的探索亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(SH)对非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者发生心律失常事件的影响。方法收集2016年1月至2018年8月就诊于河北省人民医院的NSTEMI患者。据患者甲状腺激素(TH)水平分组:甲状腺功能正常组(EU):促甲状腺素(TSH)、总甲状腺素(TT4)水平在正常范围内,n=237;SH组:TSH>4.2 mIU/L,TT4在正常范围内,n=28。比较两组患者基线资料、院内心律失常事件、院内终点事件发生情况。结果与EU组相比,SH组住院期间硝酸酯类药物使用(P=0.012)、天冬氨酸转移酶(P=0.022)、肌酸激酶(P=0.004)、红细胞计数(P=0.030)均较低,且左室收缩末期内径较小(P=0.020)。经多因素Logistic回归分析,SH组发生窦性心动过缓(OR=9.564,95%CI:1.634~55.989,P=0.012)、心房扑动(OR=7.824,95%CI:1.652~37.055,P=0.010)、房室交界区期前收缩(OR=4.940,95%CI:1.468~16.625,P=0.010)等心律失常事件风险仍较高。结论与EU组相比,SH组患者出现窦性心动过缓、心房扑动等心律失常风险增高。提前识别SH并监测NSTEMI患者的甲状腺功能有助于提前识别心律失常发作高危患者,从而使更多的患者获益。     

超声造影对甲状腺影像报告和数据系统4类结节的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound, CEUS)对甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(thyroid imaging reporting and data system,TI-RADS)4类结节的恶性风险及临床诊断价值。方法 分析226例甲状腺患者的结节特征,依据Kwak制定标准进行分类,其中TI-RADS 4A、4B和4C类结节纳入研究中,所有结节均行CEUS检查。CEUS结果与病理结果对照。结果 226个TI-RADS 4类结节中,CEUS诊断恶性为106个,良性为120个,术后病理诊断恶性110为个,良性为116个,CEUS诊断4类结节的准确性、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,分别为91.15%、89.09%、93.10%、89.91%和89.74%。CEUS诊断4类结节结果和病理结果比较,具有较高的一致性,Kappa值0.823(P＜0.001)。CEUS诊断4A、4B和4C类结节的实际恶性率,分别为14.06%(9/64)、47.53%(48/101)和86.89%(53/61)。 结论 CEUS检查对TI-RADS 4类甲状腺结节具有较高的诊断价值。有助于指导TI-RADS 4类甲状腺可疑结节临床后续决策。     

甲状腺髓样癌超声特征分析

[摘要] 目的：探讨甲状腺髓样癌（MTC）超声特征。方法：回顾性分析40个MTC超声表现,以60个甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）及97个甲状腺良性结节为对照,分别比较MTC与PTC及甲状腺良性结节在病灶数量、直径、边界、形态、纵横比、囊性成分、实性部分回声、钙化、血供及颈部淋巴结等方面的差异性,归纳其声像图特征。结果：MTC体积较大,低回声（97.5%）,实性（92.5%）,A/T＜1（97.5%）,边界清晰（62.5%）,形态规则（45%）,可有钙化（32.5%为粗钙化、25%为微钙化）,血供丰富（95%）,淋巴结转移（65％）。7例MTC术前检测血清降钙素均显著升高。结论：MTC具有甲状腺恶性肿瘤的一般超声特征,但又与常见的PTC不同,具有其自身特点,不典型MTC易误诊为甲状腺良性结节,可结合血清降钙素检测及细胞学穿刺活检综合判断。     

Clinical significance of immunohistochemically detected lymph node micrometastasis in patients with histologically node-negative esophageal carcinoma: a multi-institutional study

Background  In esophageal carcinoma, the clinical significance of immunohistochemically (IHC)-detected lymph node (LN) micrometastasis is still controversial. We designed this multicenter study to determine the clinical significance of IHC-detected LN micrometastasis in esophageal carcinoma. Methods  The subjects were 164 patients with histopathologically confirmed LN-negative esophageal carcinoma from eight hospitals. A similar IHC technique was used in all institutions, and micrometastasis was diagnosed by a researcher at each hospital as well as independently by pathologists with special interest in esophageal carcinoma. Results  IHC-related micrometastasis in LN was considered positive in 51 (31%) patients by the researchers and in 25 (15%) by the pathologists. The latter micrometastases were further classified into a single (n = 13) and clusters (n = 12) of immunopositive-LN. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that researcher-based diagnosis of micrometastasis had no significant impact on prognosis whereas the cluster-type micrometastasis diagnosed by pathologists had a significant impact on prognosis. Conclusions  We speculate that the inconsistent results of IHC analyses reported in the literature are caused by the use of different definitions of micrometastasis and the subjective nature of diagnosis of micrometastasis, i.e., dependence on the examiner. Our multiinstitutional study also indicates that the morphological aspects of immunostained cells should be considered when assessing micrometastasis in LN by IHC and that only LN with clusters of IHC-positive cells are prognostically significant in esophageal carcinoma.