情绪释放技术在白内障日间手术老年患者中的应用

目的 探讨情绪释放技术在老年白内障日间手术患者中的应用,评价其减轻患者术前焦虑情绪、降低术前紧张性高血压发生率的效果。方法 通过便利抽样法,选取2021年09月-12月于本院手术室接受白内障日间手术的老年患者216例,采用历史对照研究,将2021年09-10月符合纳入标准的108例白内障日间手术患者作为对照组,2021年11-12月的108例白内障日间手术患者作为实验组,对照组采取常规的护理干预措施,实验组在常规护理干预的基础上联合情绪释放技术的护理方案进行干预。比较两组患者的焦虑评分、血压、患者满意度。结果 实验组患者焦虑评分、血压降低幅度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者家属满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 情绪释放技术可以有效地降低术前紧张性高血压的发生率,缓解白内障老年患者的焦虑情绪,降低手术取消率,提高患者的满意度,提升护理服务质量,为手术的顺利进行提供保障。     

Factors associated with the perceptions of eHealth technology of Chinese nurses and nursing students

AimThe current study sought to assess the perceptions of eHealth technology of nurses and nursing students in China and to examine the association between these perceptions and demographic factors.BackgroundDespite the increasing use of eHealth technologies in China and across the globe, the perceptions of practicing and student nurses remain minimally explored. Findings from such an inquiry can potentially inform actions and policies to improve the uptake of eHealth technologies among Chinese nurses.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study with a real-time online survey.MethodsA convenience sample of 1338 nurses and nursing students from Mainland China participated in the study. Their perceptions of eHealth technology were collected using the Chinese version of the Perceptions of eHealth Technology Scale. The Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the relationship between demographic variables (age group, gender, occupation, education level, position and clinical experience) and perceptions of eHealth technology. All study procedures adhered to the STROBE guidelines.ResultsMost participants were aged between 20 and 29 (55.8%). Nearly half (42.5%) were frontline clinical nursing staff, some were nursing students (36.2%), academic nursing staff (12.3%) and clinical nursing management staff (9.0%). Regardless of the differences in their demographic characteristics, the participants had higher mean scores in “Perception of eHealth applications” and lower mean scores in “Knowledge of eHealth technology”. Participants with doctoral degree had a higher mean total score and higher sub-scale scores in knowledge of eHealth technology, perception of the advantages of eHealth technology and perception of eHealth applications; and the lowest scores in perception of the disadvantages of eHealth technology and perception of eHealth applications. Occupation, position and clinical experience were found to be the demographic characteristics associated with eHealth perceptions, before adjusting for age and gender. Education level was associated with eHealth perceptions regardless of adjustment.ConclusionOverall, participants had higher scores on perceptions of eHealth applications but lower scores on knowledge of eHealth technology. Considering the association between education and all subscales and overall scores, it may be essential to implement continuing professional education for nurses to improve their knowledge of eHealth applications. Encouragement to use available eHealth digital technologies may also be helpful to improve perceptions of eHealth.     

Development of a transmission-blocking malaria vaccine: Progress,challenges, and the path forward

New interventions are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with malaria, as well as to accelerate elimination and eventual eradication. Interventions that can break the cycle of parasite transmission, and prevent its reintroduction, will be of particular importance in achieving the eradication goal. In this regard, vaccines that interrupt malaria transmission (VIMT) have been highlighted as an important intervention, including transmission-blocking vaccines that prevent human-to-mosquito transmission by targeting the sexual, sporogonic, or mosquito stages of the parasite (SSM-VIMT). While the significant potential of this vaccine approach has been appreciated for decades, the development and licensure pathways for vaccines that target transmission and the incidence of infection, as opposed to prevention of clinical malaria disease, remain ill-defined. This article describes the progress made in critical areas since 2010, highlights key challenges that remain, and outlines important next steps to maximize the potential for SSM-VIMTs to contribute to the broader malaria elimination and eradication objectives.     

Dual computer monitors to increase efficiency of conducting systematic reviews

ObjectiveSystematic reviews (SRs) are the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of using two computer screens on the efficiency of conducting SRs.Study Design and SettingA cohort of reviewers before and after using dual monitors were compared with a control group that did not use dual monitors. The outcomes were time spent for abstract screening, full-text screening and data extraction, and inter-rater agreement. We adopted multivariate difference-in-differences linear regression models.ResultsA total of 60 SRs conducted by 54 reviewers were included in this analysis. We found a significant reduction of 23.81 minutes per article in data extraction in the intervention group relative to the control group (95% confidence interval: −46.03, −1.58, P = 0.04), which was a 36.85% reduction in time. There was no significant difference in time spent on abstract screening, full-text screening, or inter-rater agreement between the two groups.ConclusionUsing dual monitors when conducting SRs is associated with significant reduction of time spent on data extraction. No significant difference was observed on time spent on abstract screening or full-text screening. Using dual monitors is one strategy that may improve the efficiency of conducting SRs.     

Factors influencing acceptance of technology for aging in place: A systematic review

PurposeTo provide an overview of factors influencing the acceptance of electronic technologies that support aging in place by community-dwelling older adults. Since technology acceptance factors fluctuate over time, a distinction was made between factors in the pre-implementation stage and factors in the post-implementation stage.MethodsA systematic review of mixed studies. Seven major scientific databases (including MEDLINE, Scopus and CINAHL) were searched. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) original and peer-reviewed research, (2) qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods research, (3) research in which participants are community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older, and (4) research aimed at investigating factors that influence the intention to use or the actual use of electronic technology for aging in place. Three researchers each read the articles and extracted factors.ResultsSixteen out of 2841 articles were included. Most articles investigated acceptance of technology that enhances safety or provides social interaction. The majority of data was based on qualitative research investigating factors in the pre-implementation stage. Acceptance in this stage is influenced by 27 factors, divided into six themes: concerns regarding technology (e.g., high cost, privacy implications and usability factors); expected benefits of technology (e.g., increased safety and perceived usefulness); need for technology (e.g., perceived need and subjective health status); alternatives to technology (e.g., help by family or spouse), social influence (e.g., influence of family, friends and professional caregivers); and characteristics of older adults (e.g., desire to age in place). When comparing these results to qualitative results on post-implementation acceptance, our analysis showed that some factors are persistent while new factors also emerge. Quantitative results showed that a small number of variables have a significant influence in the pre-implementation stage. Fourteen out of the sixteen included articles did not use an existing technology acceptance framework or model.ConclusionsAcceptance of technology in the pre-implementation stage is influenced by multiple factors. However, post-implementation research on technology acceptance by community-dwelling older adults is scarce and most of the factors in this review have not been tested by using quantitative methods. Further research is needed to determine if and how the factors in this review are interrelated, and how they relate to existing models of technology acceptance.     

From expert-derived user needs to user-perceived ease of use and usefulness: A two-phase mixed-methods evaluation framework

Underspecified user needs and frequent lack of a gold standard reference are typical barriers to technology evaluation. To address this problem, this paper presents a two-phase evaluation framework involving usability experts (phase 1) and end-users (phase 2). In phase 1, a cross-system functionality alignment between expert-derived user needs and system functions was performed to inform the choice of “the best available” comparison system to enable a cognitive walkthrough in phase 1 and a comparative effectiveness evaluation in phase 2. During phase 2, five quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods are mixed to assess usability: time-motion analysis, software log, questionnaires – System Usability Scale and the Unified Theory of Acceptance of Use of Technology, think-aloud protocols, and unstructured interviews. Each method contributes data for a unique measure (e.g., time motion analysis contributes task-completion-time; software log contributes action transition frequency). The measures are triangulated to yield complementary insights regarding user-perceived ease-of-use, functionality integration, anxiety during use, and workflow impact. To illustrate its use, we applied this framework in a formative evaluation of a software called Integrated Model for Patient Care and Clinical Trials (IMPACT). We conclude that this mixed-methods evaluation framework enables an integrated assessment of user needs satisfaction and user-perceived usefulness and usability of a novel design. This evaluation framework effectively bridges the gap between co-evolving user needs and technology designs during iterative prototyping and is particularly useful when it is difficult for users to articulate their needs for technology support due to the lack of a baseline.     

专利回乳药罩技术流程化在急性乳腺炎患者中的应用

目的 将回乳药罩应用于需要回乳的急性乳腺炎成脓期患者,观察其应用效果。方法 选择2018年3月-2019年8月我院门诊就诊需要回乳的急性乳腺炎成脓期患者98例,按照随机数字表分为观察组（n=49）和对照组（n=49）,观察组采用回乳药罩回乳,对照组采用常规的皮硝外敷方法进行回乳,其他治疗、护理措施均相同,比较两组患者的回乳时间、中药皮硝回乳依从性、回乳相关知识掌握、病人满意度等。结果 两组患者在回乳相关知识掌握方面无明显差异（P＞0.05）,观察组在中药皮硝回乳依从性方面明显高于对照组（P＜0.001）,在回乳时间、病人满意度方面优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 回乳药罩有效地提高了中药皮硝回乳依从性,缩短了回乳的时间,是很好的回乳辅助工具,值得临床推广应用。     

The experiences of nurses using noninvasive ventilation: An integrative review of the literature

BackgroundNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a common treatment delivered in critical care and is imperative in the management of many acute respiratory illnesses. Nurses are integral to the initiation and management of NIV, but there is a paucity of evidence on the experiences of nurses in this role.ObjectivesThe aim of this integrative review was to examine the current available research focused on nurses’ experiences of using NIV across a variety of healthcare settings.MethodsDatabase searches were conducted using EBSCOhost (health) databases, MEDLINE, and Science Direct. Search terms used were combinations of ‘nurs1’ or ‘experience1’ with ‘noninvasive ventilation’, ‘non invasive ventilation’, ‘BiPAP’, ‘CPAP’, or ‘positive airway pressure’. Inclusion criteria were studies that focused on the experiences of nurses using NIV, were peer reviewed and published in English, and had research designs (collected and analysed quantitative and/or qualitative data). The studies that met the inclusion criteria were individually examined and rated in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for critical and interpretive research.ResultsThe literature search returned a possible 279 matches which were shortlisted based on the title and then again by abstract content before being reviewed in full. After application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, eight articles with a mix of qualitative and quantitative study designs were included in the review. The themes of education, communication, and guideline utilisation were common to many of the findings from both interviews and surveys.ConclusionThe research examined in this literature review reported some difficulties associated with NIV use including limited education, communication, and variable guideline use. Despite this, nurses were generally able to use NIV to provide positive patient outcomes.Clinical Trial Registration NumberNA.