运用Cox模型和Sokal,Hasford积分系统对慢性髓细胞白血病患者的预后分析

本研究分析影响慢性髓细胞白血病（CML）患者预后的危险因素。采用回顾性研究分析204例CML患者的临床及实验室检查资料，用Kaplan—Meier法绘制生存曲线，用Logrank检验比较生存率，运用Cox回归模型进行单因素及多因素分析，并分别计算Sokal，Hasford积分。结果表明：204例患者中位生存时间为50（32—65）月，5年生存率32．3％（95％CI，23．7％-42．6％）。干扰素组与羟基脲组的中位生存时间分别为56（41—67）月和41（19—56）月，5年生存率分别为45．4％（95％CI，37．5％-54．2％）和26．8％（95％CI，21．6％-33．3％）（P〈0．001）。经Cox回归分析，Ph染色体阴性、乳酸脱氢酶含量增高、外周血嗜碱性粒细胞≥10％、出现有核红细胞、骨髓原粒细胞≥4％、骨髓原始＋早幼粒细胞≥10％和红细胞压积降低是CML预后不良的危险因素，而治疗方法也是影响CML预后的重要因素。羟基脲组经Sokal积分检验，高危组占72．9％，中危组占21．5％，而低危组占5．6％，中位生存时间分别为34（23—49）月、43（32—58）月、50（38—62）月；干扰素组经Hasford积分检验，高危组占17．6％，中危组占25．1％，低危组占57．3％，中位生存时间分别为44（33—57）月、56（45—70）月和66（52—76）月。结论：Ph染色体、乳酸脱氢酶含量、红细胞压积、外周血嗜碱性粒细胞、出现有核红细胞、骨髓原始和早幼粒细胞以及治疗方法是影响CML预后的重要因素。以Sokal积分系统评价羟基脲组患者不能很好区分危险组，而Hasford积分系统评价干扰素组患者，能够区分危险组。     

Routinely collected general practice data aids identification of people with hyperglycaemia and metabolic syndrome.

AIMS: To assess the performance of a risk score comprising data routinely available in general practice records (age, gender, body mass index, family history of diabetes, smoking habits and prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs or steroids) in detecting diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: In a population-based, cross-sectional study in a semi-rural general practice in Jutland, Denmark, Cambridge Risk Scores were calculated for 1355 patients without known diabetes (69% response rate) who completed questionnaires and underwent anthropometric measurement and an oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS: Prevalences of diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome were 2.29% (95% CI: 1.56-3.23), 6.64% (95% CI: 5.38-8.10) and 13.4% (95% CI: 11.5-15.2), respectively. Area under the ROC curve for the risk score and diabetes was 83.8% (75.9-91.7) and for metabolic syndrome [European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR)] was 78.1% (74.6-81.6). Twenty per cent of the population had a risk score above 0.246; at this threshold the sensitivity to detect diabetes was 71.0% (53.4-83.9), the specificity 81.2% (79.0-83.2), positive predictive value 8.1% (6.6-10.0) and likelihood ratio 3.77 (2.94-4.85). For metabolic syndrome (EGIR) corresponding values for sensitivity were 50.3% (43.1-57.5), specificity 84.7% (82.5-85.6), positive predictive value 33.6% (28.2-39.4), and likelihood ratio 3.28 (2.69-4.00). CONCLUSIONS: Undiagnosed hyperglycaemia and metabolic syndrome are common. The Cambridge Risk Score is a practical first step in a screening procedure to identify individuals with these disorders who might benefit from diagnostic testing or to direct preventive interventions.     

Primary cemented total hip arthroplasty—an Indian experience

We report outcome of 9-year follow-up of 50 Charnley cemented primary arthroplasties in 47 patients performed between 1996 and 1999. The minimum follow-up period was 5 years with a mean of 7 years. All hip joints were thoroughly assessed preoperatively to document patients’ functional level and Harris hip score was calculated. All the patients were disabled because of pain in hip and 45 (90%) had used walking aids. At follow-up all patients were living. The radiographs of all patients were available for the entire follow-up period. Of the 50 operated hips, only 2 patients (4%) complained of pain while all the rest were free of pain. Postoperatively only 10 (20%) patients used support for walking. At follow-up none of the hips were revised. Two patients (4%) had dislocation in postoperative period in which reduction was done under anesthesia. In one patient (2%) prosthesis and cement was removed because of deep infection. In two patients (4%) radiolucent clear zone was seen at bone cement interface on acetabular side and three (6%) patients had it on femoral component. None of the patients developed deep vein thrombosis or heterotopic bone. In postoperative period the Harris hip score was calculated in each case and compared with the preoperative score to evaluate the outcome. Significant improvement was found in Harris hip score after surgery.     

不同剂量普伐他汀治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性研究

目的：探讨不同剂量普伐他汀在脑梗死急性期治疗的可行性、降脂疗效及安全性。方法：脑梗死急性期病人146例，随机分为3组，A组（50例）为对照组，B组（49例）每晚服普伐他汀10mg，C组（47例）每晚服普伐他汀20mg，观察30d。比较治疗前后血脂、神经功能缺损评分、生化指标等变化，并记录服药后不良反应。结果：各组总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、超敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）在治疗后都有所下降，C组下降最显著，B组次之，A组下降程度较小。A组TG治疗前后无明显变化，B组和C组TG治疗后有所下降，两组间无明显差别。脂蛋白（Lpa）在A组治疗后有下降，B组无明显变化，C组较前轻度升高。各组治疗前后神经功能缺损评分均有降低，但各组之间比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）。观察期间所有病人均能耐受普伐他汀，治疗前后肝、肾功能、肌酸激酶（CK）等无明显变化。结论：在脑梗死急性期应用普伐他汀（每日10～20mg）是安全可行的，且每日20mgTC、TG降低更显著，脑梗死急性期的病人应用普伐他汀后取得较好的降脂疗效，神经功能缺损评分的改善有待较长期观察。     

动态检测血清降钙素原水平对多发伤患者伤情判断的临床意义

目的　探讨血清降钙素原 (PCT)水平的动态变化对多发伤患者伤情判断的意义。方法　对急诊抢救和入住重症监护病房 (ICU)的多发伤患者 96例在入院第 1、3、5、7、10、14和 2 1天分别采集静脉血标本 ,采用免疫发光法检测血清PCT ,以判断PCT水平变化与多发性创伤严重程度和预后之间的关系。结果　多发伤患者在创伤后血PCT水平明显升高 ,各创伤严重程度评分 (ISS)分值区段内的创伤患者PCT水平有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,随着ISS评分值的增高 ,不同时段PCT水平亦升高 ,二者之间存在正相关性 ,而PCT与年龄无关。结论　动态检测多发伤患者外周血PCT的水平变化可以作为判断多发伤伤情的有效指标之一     

The role of JOA score as an indication for surgical or conservative treatment of symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- to medium-term results (up to 2 years) of conservative and surgical treatments of patients with symptomatic lumbar stenosis. To our knowledge, no previous study has provided strict indications for conservative or surgical treatment. We retrospectively studied 184 patients, who were divided into 3 groups according to JOA (Japanese Orthopaedic Association) score. A cutoff JOA score was arbitrarily fixed at 7. Patients with a score ≤7 (n=12; group A) underwent surgery, while patients with a score >7 (n=172) were conservatively treated. Group A included patients surgically treated within two months from diagnosis. Group B consisted of 144 patients who received conservative treatment, while group C (28 patients) represented patients who underwent surgery after a period of failed conservative treatment. The outcomes of surgical and conservative treatments were evaluated after 12 and 24 months, and were rated as satisfactory, not totally satisfactory, not satisfactory or totally unsatisfactory. Conservative treatment consisted of physical, orthotic and drug therapy, whereas surgical treatment included spinal decompression and instrumentation (if indicated), either rigidly or dynamically performed. Surgery was indicated in 22% of all patients and we obtained excellent results in 85% of them. Operative treatment provides excellent results for patients with severe clinical presentation (JOA score ≤7), while individuals with mild to moderate spinal stenosis (JOA score >7) should receive conservative treatment.     

A Note on the Asymptotic Properties of Affected-sib-pair Linkage Tests

This article concerns the asymptotic properties of linkage tests for affected‐sib‐pair data under the null hypothesis of no linkage. We consider a popular single‐locus analysis model where the unknown parameters are the disease allele frequency, the three penetrances for the three genotypes at the disease locus, and the recombination fraction between the marker locus and the disease locus. These parameters are completely confounded under the null hypothesis of no linkage. We show that 1) If the total variance of the trait (i.e., the additive variance plus the dominance variance) is “separated” from 0, then the likelihood ratio statistic has an asymptotic 0.5χ²₀+ 0.5χ²₁ distribution; 2) If the prevalence of the trait is “separated” from 0 and the recombination fraction is fixed at 0, then the likelihood ratio statistic has an asymptotic distribution which is a mixture of χ²₀, χ²₁ and χ²₂ . The implications of these results are discussed.     

静止性脑梗死风险预测量表的构建和验证

【摘要】
目的 调查与静止性脑梗死（silent brain infarction，SBI）相关的独立影响因素，构建SBI风险预测量
表并验证。
方法 在单中心横断面研究中，前瞻性连续纳入无神经系统疾病既往史的体检者，收集其人口学
信息，高血压、糖尿病等血管危险因素，血脂、糖化血红蛋白、血浆同型半胱氨酸等化验结果录入数
据库。采用标准影像学操作规范进行头颅MRI扫描，并由影像学医师盲法判读，将受试者分为SBI组
和无SBI组。将所有受试者按照3∶1比例随机分为训练集和验证集，在训练集中采用单因素和多因素
Logistic回归分析SBI的独立影响因素，构建SBI预测量表。在训练集和验证集中应用ROC曲线检验量表
的区分度，应用Hosmer-Lemeshow分析检验量表的校准度。
结果 共有633例研究对象纳入研究，平均年龄52.0±10.5岁，女性272例（43.0%）。训练集（475
例）和验证集（158例）两个样本集合的基线特征均衡。校正混杂因素后多因素分析显示，年龄≥45
岁（OR 8.37，95%CI 1.12～62.80，P =0.039），高血压（OR 2.30，95%CI 1.08～4.90，P =0.032），同型半
胱氨酸（Q2～Q3：OR 6.89，95%CI 0.89～53.10，P =0.064；Q4：OR 13.6，95%CI 1.74～105.87，P =0.013）
与SBI风险独立相关。根据OR 值构建SBI危险评分（SBI risk score，SBI-RS）量表，量表赋值为：年龄
≥45岁赋值8分；有高血压赋值2分；同型半胱氨酸根据四分位分层分别赋值为0分、7分和14分。SBIRS
在训练集和验证集中ROC曲线显示曲线下面积分别为0.77（95%CI 0.69～0.84，P＜0.001）和0.76
（95%CI 0.63～0.88，P＜0.001），区分度良好。Hosmer-Lemeshow相关分析提示SBI-RS具有较好的校准度
（P＞0.05）。
结论 在健康体检人群中，SBI -RS具有较好的区分度和校准度，可以帮助识别SBI高危人群。     

Regional Variation and Use of Exception Letters for Cadaveric Liver Allocation in Children with Chronic Liver Disease

The Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease (PELD) score was designed to reduce subjectivity in liver allocation and to advantage patients with a higher probability of waiting list mortality. The aims of this study were to determine the impact of PELD implementation for children with chronic liver disease and to assess whether PELD met its goal of standardization of liver allocation for children. This study used data reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry for children with chronic liver disease receiving primary cadaveric liver transplant between January 2000 and December 2001 (pre-PELD) and March 2002 and July 2003 (PELD). PELD reduced the percentage of children transplanted while in an intensive care unit and as status 1. A calculated PELD score was used for allocation in only 52% of recipients. Thirty percent were status 1 at transplant and PELD scores granted by exception were used for allocation in 18% of patients. There was regional variation in PELD score at allocation and use of exception scores with a significant relationship between PELD score and percentage of exception cases. Regional variation suggests that PELD has not resulted in standardization of listing practices in pediatric liver transplantation.     

Autologous implantation of chondrocytes on a solid collagen scaffold: clinical and histological outcomes after two years of follow-up

Abstract From our overall experience in 56 patients, we here report the treatment with matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) of 35 patients suffering from knee cartilage defects measuring about 4 cm², and followed for a minimum of 6 months. A total of 36 knees were treated (1 patient on both knees) and clinically observed for 22 months (in some cases for over 39 months), in accordance with a standardised protocol. Subjective parameters (pain, well-being, functional state, symptoms during specific activity) and objective outcomes (IKDC score and Lysholm and Tegner scores) were recorded. One or 2 years after implantation, some biopsies of the regenerated cartilage were histologically evaluated. The subjective parameters (VAS pain score, 2.80±1.49, p<0.0001; change vs. basal score, 2.72) promptly normalized after 1 month, as did the objective ones (IKDC score after 6 months, 1.53±0.59, p<0.0001; change vs. basal score, 1.78). Similar results were observed after the treatment of a femoropatellar kissing lesion. The three cartilage biopsies that were analysed from different patients showed a tissue positivity to immunohistochemical markers of hyaline cartilage. The conclusions of this preliminary analysis are that the clinical outcome and histological evaluation suggest that MACI is able to relieve pain and restore the functionality of the knee, and that the treatment appears capable of regenerating hyaline cartilage.