Von Willebrand factor, platelets and endothelial cell interactions

Summary.  The adhesive protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) contributes to platelet function by mediating the initiation and progression of thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury. In recent years there has been considerable progress in explaining the biological properties of VWF, including the structural and functional characteristics of specific domains. The mechanism of interaction between the VWF A1 domain and glycoprotein Ibα has been elucidated in detail, bringing us closer to understanding how this adhesive bond can oppose the fluid dynamic effects of rapidly flowing blood contributing to platelet adhesion and activation. Moreover, novel findings have been obtained on the link between regulation of VWF multimer size and microvascular thrombosis. This progress in basic research has provided critical information to define with greater precision the role of VWF in vascular biology and pathology, including its possible involvement in the onset of atherosclerosis and its acute thrombotic complications.     

尿视黄醇结合蛋白在2型糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的意义

目的　探讨检测尿视黄醇结合蛋白 (RBP)在糖尿病肾病 (DN)早期诊断中的临床意义。方法　分别对 4 2例 2型糖尿病患者及 36例健康对照者用酶联免疫法 (ELISA)测定尿RBP ,用放射免疫法测定尿α1 微球蛋白 (α1 M )、β2 微球蛋白 (β2 M)。结果　糖尿病组三种尿微量蛋白排泄量明显高于健康对照组 ,且以尿RBP敏感性最高。结论　尿RBP的检测可敏感反映早期糖尿病患者肾小管损伤。     

肝细胞肝癌合并胆管癌栓的临床病理特征与外科治疗

肝癌（HCC）患者1％～12％可发生梗阻性黄疸，其原因少数是由于肝门淋巴结肿大压迫，多数源于肝癌侵犯胆道形成胆道癌栓，也称黄疸型肝癌，其发生率占肝癌患者的1．2％～9．0％，常导致误诊，影响治疗的决策。     

FHL2在大肠癌组织中的表达及其作用

目的:探讨FHL2基因在大肠癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法:用免疫组织化学方法检测35例大肠癌组织、15例大肠息肉组织和15例正常结肠黏膜组织中FHL2蛋白的表达情况,并分析其与相关临床病理因素的关系.结果:FHL2蛋白表达阳性率在大肠癌组织中显著高于正常大肠黏膜组织和大肠息肉组织.结论:FHL2蛋白在大肠癌组织中高度表达,但表达程度与癌症病理分级无明显相关性.     

带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植治疗胫骨骨不连

胫骨骨不连,特别是胫骨中下段骨不连临床上较常见,治疗较困难。2000年3月~2005年3月,我们采用带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植治疗胫骨骨不连52例,取得了较好疗效。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组52例,男39例,女13例,年龄17~62岁。胫骨中段骨折14例,下段骨折38例。开放性骨折47例,闭合性骨折5例。粉碎性骨折38例,伴有骨缺损者19例。首次内固定采用钢板11例,交锁髓内钉内固定28例,外固定架固定9例,双矩形钉内固定3例,管形石膏1例。经二次手术内固定16例。病程6~21个月。1.2治疗方法手术在硬膜外麻醉下分两组进行。先将需修复部位的瘢痕组织切除,彻底切…     

造血干细胞移植后慢性移植物抗宿主病相关的膜性肾病一例

目的 总结造血干细胞移植后慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）相关的膜性肾病的诊疗体会。方法 为1例急性淋巴细胞白血病患者施行HLA全相合的无关供者外周血造血干细胞移植，术后应用甲氨喋呤和他克莫司（FK506）预防GVHD。术后第19d发生急性GVHD，经甲泼尼龙治疗逆转。分别于术后182d、235d停用FK506和泼尼松，5d后患者出现cGVHD表现，肝功能异常，并伴肾病综合征的相关表现，病理诊断为膜性肾病Ⅱ期，遂给予FK506和泼尼松治疗，同时辅以利尿、降脂等措施。结果发生膜性肾病时，患者的尿蛋白＋＋＋＋，白细胞75个／μl，上皮细胞359．5个／pl，病理性管型＋，管型计数为167个／μl，24h尿蛋白定量为4．28g；肾组织活检，无肾小球硬化，肾小球体积稍大，部分血管袢受压，开放欠佳，肾小球基底膜轻微增厚，外观呈僵硬感，系膜基质轻、中度增殖；间质区部分肾小管扩张，肿胀、变性，未见明显间质纤维化和炎症细胞浸润；Masson染色可见基底膜上皮侧嗜复红物沉积；免疫荧光检查，IgG＋＋＋，C3＋＋＋，IgA＋＋，沿毛细血管袢呈颗粒状节段性分布，系膜区呈团块状分布；IgM、Clq、CA均阴性。电镜下可见肾小球基底膜上皮下沉积物，并有基膜增厚，毛细血管系膜基质轻度增生。经泼尼松和FK506治疗，2个月后尿蛋白转阴。结论 造血干细胞移植后出现肾病综合征或蛋白尿，应考虑GVHD相关膜性肾病的可能，肾穿刺活检有助于诊断，糖皮质激素和FK506治疗有效。     

血清胱抑素C对高血压和糖尿病早期肾功能损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)水平对高血压、糖尿病早期肾功能损害的临床价值。方法收集22例高血压患者、28例糖尿病患者及44例肾病患者的血清标本,用酶法测定血清肌酐、尿素氮,用颗粒增强免疫比浊法测定血清Cys-C,放射免疫法测定β2-微球蛋白。结果血清Cys-C和β2-微球蛋白的异常检出率显著高于血清肌酐、尿素氮;高血压及糖尿病两组患者血清Cys-C水平均较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.01);肾病组各项检测指标均显著高于高血压组、糖尿病组和正常对照组。结论对早期肾功能损害的诊断价值,血清Cys-C测定敏感性稍次于β2-微球蛋白,但其特异性优于血清β2-微球蛋白,综合比较,血清Cys-C可作为高血压及糖尿病早期肾功能损害的辅助诊断指标之一。     

Sick day management using blood 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) compared with urine ketone monitoring reduces hospital visits in young people with T1DM: a randomized clinical trial.

AIMS: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening acute complication of Type 1 diabetes, may be preventable with frequent monitoring of glycaemia and ketosis along with timely supplemental insulin. This prospective, two-centre study assessed sick day management using blood 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) monitoring compared with traditional urine ketone testing, aimed at averting emergency assessment and hospitalization. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-three children, adolescents and young adults, aged 3-22 years, and their families received sick day education. Participants were randomized to receive either a blood glucose monitor that also measures blood 3-OHB (blood ketone group, n = 62) or a monitor plus urine ketone strips (urine ketone group, n = 61). All were encouraged to check glucose levels > or = 3 times daily and to check ketones during acute illness or stress, when glucose levels were consistently elevated (> or = 13.9 mmol/l on two consecutive readings), or when symptoms of DKA were present. Frequency of sick days, hyperglycaemia, ketosis, and hospitalization/emergency assessment were ascertained prospectively for 6 months. RESULTS: There were 578 sick days during 21,548 days of follow-up. Participants in the blood ketone group checked ketones significantly more during sick days (276 of 304 episodes, 90.8%) than participants in the urine ketone group (168 of 274 episodes, 61.3%) (P < 0.001). The incidence of hospitalization/emergency assessment was significantly lower in the blood ketone group (38/100 patient-years) compared with the urine ketone group (75/100 patient-years) (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Blood ketone monitoring during sick days appears acceptable to and preferred by young people with Type 1 diabetes. Routine implementation of blood 3-OHB monitoring for the management of sick days and impending DKA can potentially reduce hospitalization/emergency assessment compared with urine ketone testing and offers potential cost savings.     

ABL50血气分析仪电、液路故障维修

本文介绍ABL50型血气分析仪使用过程中遇到的电、液路故障处理方法。