超声提取三叶青总黄酮工艺研究

目的：为优化三叶青中主要活性成分总黄酮的提取工艺。方法以提取时间、料液比、乙醇浓度和提取温度为试验因素,三叶青中总黄酮提取率为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面设计方法,对三叶青中总黄酮的提取工艺条件进行优化。结果试验确定最佳提取工艺为：20倍量60％乙醇,60℃下超声提取44min。在此工艺条件下,总黄酮提取率为5．55％。结论经验证,采用响应曲面法优选出的工艺稳定,为进一步研究三叶青提供参考依据。     

一种单兵救生气囊充气阀的设计

目的设计一种单兵救生气囊充气阀。方法通过图纸设计、制模、反复多次试验,研制出满足设计要求的充气阀。结果水上紧急需用时,充气阀穿刺针头能够成功刺破二氧化碳气瓶,释放二氧化碳,实现对救生气囊快速充气,实现水上漂浮能力。结论本充气阀体积小,质量轻,结构设计合理、科学,性能稳定可靠,操作简单,打开方便、省力,值得推广应用。     

Characterization of the nonlinear elastic properties of soft tissues using the supersonic shear imaging (SSI) technique: Inverse method,ex vivo and in vivo experiments

Dynamic elastography has become a new clinical tool in recent years to characterize the elastic properties of soft tissues in vivo, which are important for the disease diagnosis, e.g., the detection of breast and thyroid cancer and liver fibrosis. This paper investigates the supersonic shear imaging (SSI) method commercialized in recent years with the purpose to determine the nonlinear elastic properties based on this promising technique. Particularly, we explore the propagation of the shear wave induced by the acoustic radiation force in a stressed hyperelastic soft tissue described via the Demiray–Fung model. Based on the elastodynamics theory, an analytical solution correlating the wave speed with the hyperelastic parameters of soft tissues is first derived. Then an inverse approach is established to determine the hyperelastic parameters of biological soft tissues based on the measured wave speeds at different stretch ratios. The property of the inverse method, e.g., the existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution, has been investigated. Numerical experiments based on finite element simulations and the experiments conducted on the phantom and pig livers have been employed to validate the new method. Experiments performed on the human breast tissue and human heel fat pads have demonstrated the capability of the proposed method for measuring the in vivo nonlinear elastic properties of soft tissues. Generalization of the inverse analysis to other material models and the implication of the results reported here for clinical diagnosis have been discussed.     

白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术后泪膜的变化

目的探讨白内障患者超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术后泪膜的变化。方法白内障患者70例,随机分为观察组和对照组各35例,观察组采用超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术,对照组行单纯人工晶体植入术。观察术后1d、1个月及3个月患者主观干燥异物感,基础泪液分泌试验,角结膜荧光素染色试验及泪膜破裂时间等情况。结果观察组术后仅有3例患者有明显的干燥感、烧灼感、异物感,而对照组有7例。观察组术后与对照组比较角膜荧光素染色减轻、SIT增加、BUT延长。两组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论白内障超声乳化联合优质人工晶体植入术具有手术切口小、术后散光轻、组织损伤轻微、视力恢复好,并发症少等优点,手术效果较为完善,值得临床推广应用。     

kavo牙科综合治疗机的技术改造

目的：对kavo牙科综合治疗机进行技术改造,以解决气动组合进水阀的漏水问题。方法：经过大量的比对,采用经过特殊处理的螺栓代替气动进水阀的阀芯。结果：器件替换后解决了牙科治疗椅的漏水问题。结论：该方法不仅节省了大量资金,而且缩短了等待配件的时间,变相地节约了成本。     

脉动真空灭菌器反馈式辅助进汽调节装置

通过对反馈式调节阀的设计和制作,将原脉动真空灭菌器手动调节变更为负反馈式调节,用反馈式调节阀自动控制、调节进蒸汽速度,进一步的保证了消毒的质量,降低故障率和用汽量。     

Frequency,histopathological findings,and clinical significance of cervical heterotopic gastric mucosa (gastric inlet patch): a prospective study in 300 patients

The frequency and clinical significance of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus is not sufficiently known. Heartburn or dysphagia could result from mucin and/or acid production in this area. We undertook a prospective study in 300 patients with special attention of the endoscopist to this area. Moreover, clinical symptoms were determined by questionnaire before performing endoscopy. A total of 33/300 (11%) of patients had at least one histologically proven gastric inlet patch without gender or age preference. In 20/33 (61%) cases, the heterotopic gastric mucosa was classified as mixed type, in 8/33 (24%) as oxyntic, and in 5/33 (15%) as mucoid. Helicobacter pylori was present in none of the cases. There was no significant association to the presence of a hiatal hernia, reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, or gastric/duodenal ulcer. Moreover, there was no association to the reported grade of heartburn in the upper or lower part of the esophagus, recurrent hoarseness, or dysphagia. When thorougly performed, heterotopic gastric mucosa is a quite frequent finding in endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The presence of this gastric mucosa in the upper third of the esophagus seems to be rarely the cause of clinical symptoms and little prone to complications.     

孕早期脐血流与出生不良结局的关系

目的：探讨孕早期多普勒超声静脉导管血流异常与围产儿预后的相关性.方法：应用彩色多普勒超声检测同期妊娠11-13＋6周于我院产前保健的单胎孕妇胎儿的静脉导管血流频谱.其中静脉导管血流频谱异常者69例为研究组,静脉导管血流频谱正常者143例作为对照组,比较两者的妊娠结局情况.结果：孕11-13＋6周胎儿脐血流异常组有3例因严重心脏畸形而中期引产,有1例早产后因严重心脏畸形而夭折;胎儿脐血流正常组无严重异常情况,两组间有显著统计学差异.结论：孕早期静脉导管血流异常与新生儿不良预后有关,包括新生儿死亡、新生儿畸形.孕早期静脉导管血流异常对胎儿心脏畸形诊断的阳性预测价值：4/69＝5.8%,阴性预测价值为100%;早孕期存在静脉导管异常血流应加强围产保健.     

针刀慢性软组织损伤理论与激痛点学说初探

目的：探讨不同病理类型急性阑尾炎的超声声像特点。方法：对2009年6月一2010年6月手术的急性阑尾炎患者150例,采用PHIUPSHD11型超声诊断仪,探头频率3．5～8MHz,阑尾必要时进行麦氏点探头加压试验。结果：150例急性阑尾炎患者术前超声诊断130例,诊断符合率86．67％,急性单纯性阑尾炎超声诊断78．00％、化脓性阑尾炎超声诊断93．48％、坏疽性阑尾炎诊断97．14％、阑尾周围脓肿诊断100．00％,随着阑尾病理变化进展,超声诊断检出率增加（P〈0．05）。直接声像图表现、阑尾增粗、同心圆征、阑尾壁增厚、阑尾积液、阑尾周围暗带环绕;间接征象有阑尾区低回声肿块、盲肠积液积气、盆腔积液,肠管局部扩张、游离液性暗区、气体多层反射回声。结论：不同病理类型的阑尾炎其超声图像各有不同的特征,病变轻时声像改变不典型,操作要耐心、认真,逐步加压作多切面、多方位扫查。     

超声波测定不同年龄组睾丸大小及意义

目的:通过对不同年龄组正常男性用超声波测定睾丸大小,为临床青春期发育分期及诊断性发育延迟、性早熟提供科学依据。方法:对身高、体重、骨龄与年龄相符的男性分六组,通过超声波测定男性睾丸大小。结果:得出不同年龄组睾丸均值及标准差,当睾丸长径<2.5cm时为青春前期;当睾丸长径≥2.5cm时为青春期;当2.5cm≤睾丸长径<3.0cm为青春早期;当3.0cm≤睾丸长径<3.5cm为青春中期;当睾丸长径≥3.5cm为青春成熟期。10岁前睾丸长径≥2.5cm;12岁前睾丸长径≥3.5cm为性早熟。大于14岁睾丸长径<2.5cm为性发育延迟。结论:超声波测定睾丸大小准确,可重复性强。