铁强化食盐预防缺铁性贫血效果的观察

本文试以食盐为载体,使在食盐中每日为学龄前儿童增加元素铁5～10mg,对象为5岁的幼儿园儿童165名,分别在城镇与农村观察一年。初步的结果是:实验组与对照组在开始时的血红蛋白水平一致,但一年后,实验组由原来的平均值11.78±0.57增加至12.72±0.72,比对照组有明显的改善,这是解决缺铁性贫血的一种实际方法。     

核黄素缺乏大鼠红细胞维生素E水平的变化及脂质过氧化关系的研究

对两组大鼠分别喂饲核黄素缺乏（ＲＤ）膳和核黄素添加（Ｒ８，２２ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料）膳８周后，测定了两组大鼠的红细胞维生素Ｅ（ＲＢＬＶｅ）、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和红细胞丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的水平。结果发现：ＲＤ组ＲＢＣＶｅ水平（４．７１７３±０．７７１０ｍｇ／ｇ蛋白质）显著低于ＲＳ组（５。３８６８±１．１５３７ｍｇ／ｇ蛋白质，Ｐ＜０．０５）。而ＲＤ组的ＲＢＣＳＯＤ（７７４５．２±６１０．１ｕ／ｇ蛋白质）和ＭＤＡ（０．６８６８±０．１３７２μｇ／ｇ蛋白质）则分别显著低于和高于ＲＳ组（８２６８．５±３０１．０ｎｕ／ｇ蛋白质，０．５５４８±０．０９８０，Ｐ＜０．０５）。研究提示，核黄素缺乏引起细胞膜脂质过氧化加重可能ＲＢＣＶｅ消耗增加。     

Nutritional Anemias

Prevention of nutritional deficiencies should be attained by the consumption of a good diet. Unfortunately, in the case of iron, this is not always possible, and it is advantageous to fortify food with iron. Milk-based formulas and cereals are the most commonly used iron-fortified products in infancy and early childhood. Bioavailability of iron from cereals is low and more clinical studies on the field are necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of iron-fortified cereals in infants and children of developing countries. Infections and excessive blood loss in infancy related to the use of fresh, pasteurized or powdered cow milk result in much of the anemia we currently see in industrialized countries. Vitamin A deficiency interacts with iron metabolism and recent intervention studies have shown that anemia in Vitamin A deficient children can be successfully treated with oral supplements.     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for hydatid cyst

Splenic hydatidosis is a rare condition. We performed a hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for a large hydatid cyst localized in the center of the spleen. We discuss the advantages of the ``helping hand.' Received: 27 September 1996/Accepted: 19 November 1996     

人基因工程重组超氧化物歧化酶对骨髓造血干细胞的辐射防护作用

用照射小鼠的骨髓造血干细胞(CFU-S)外源性脾结节形成法,评价人基因工程重组SOD(rhSOD),聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰的长半衰期重组SOD(PEG-SOD)对CFU-S的辐射防护作用.结果显示:rhSOD和PEG-SOD均能明显提高CFU-S产率,其中rh SOD在照射前1h给药效果好,而PEG-SOD在照射前2～3h给药作用更为明显,化学修饰后SOD血浆半衰期延长,将使给药时机及药物作用持续时间得到改善.     

Efficacy of short‐term oral cobalamin therapy for the treatment of cobalamin deficiencies related to food‐cobalamin malabsorption: A study of 30 patients

Background: It has been suggested that oral cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) therapy may be an effective therapy for treating cobalamin deficiencies related to food‐cobalamin malabsorption. However, the duration of this treatment was not determined. Patients and method: In an open‐label, nonplacebo study, we studied 30 patients with established cobalamin deficiency related to food‐cobalamin malabsorption, who received between 250 and 1000 μg of oral crystalline cyanocobalamin per day for at least 1 month. Endpoints: Blood counts, serum cobalamin and homocysteine levels were determined at baseline and during the first month of treatment. Results: During the first month of treatment, 87% of the patients normalized their serum cobalamin levels; 100% increased their serum cobalamin levels (mean increase, +167 pg/dl; P < 0.001 compared with baseline); 100% had evidence of medullary regeneration; 100% corrected their initial macrocytosis; and 54% corrected their anemia. All patients had increased hemoglobin levels (mean increase, +0.6 g/dl) and reticulocyte counts (mean increase, +35 × 10⁶/l) and decreased erythrocyte cell volume (mean decrease, 3 fl; all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that crystalline cyanocobalamin, 250–1000 μg /day, given orally for 1 month, may be an effective treatment for cobalamin deficiencies not related to pernicious anemia.     

儿童边缘性锌缺乏症综合判断的研究

对沈阳市某幼儿园９９例３～６岁锌缺乏儿童的营养调查和生物样品（血液、尿液和毛发）的分析发现：同对照组儿童相比，锌缺乏儿童除Ｆｅ、维生素Ａ外，其他主要营养素的摄入明显不足；缺锌儿童的发锌、ＲＢＣ锌水平、血清ＡＬＰ活性、尿锌／尿肌酐比值均明显低于对照组。经补锌治疗后血浆锌水平、血清ＡＬＰ活性、尿锌／尿肌酐比值显著升高。应用临床诊断实验的评价方法分析发现结合血浆锌水平，联合使用发锌，血清ＡＬＰ和尿锌／尿肌酐比值３项指标可以准确判断儿童边缘性锌缺乏，这时并联的灵敏度为９６．１８％，串联的特异度可高达到１００％（血清ＡＬＰ活性＜１０４ＩＵ／Ｌ，同时发锌含量＜１１０ｐｐｍ．尿锌／尿肌酐比值＜０．３μｇ／ｇ）。     

Studies of the effects of dietary zinc on the immune organs and cellular immunity in the rat

ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｄｉｅｔａｒｙｚｉｎｃｏｎｔｈｅｉｍｍｕｎｅｏｒｇａｎｓａｎｄｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｉｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅｒａｔＷｕＪｉａｈｕｉ（吴嘉惠）；ＷｕＳｈｕｉｂｉｎｇ（吴水冰）；ＢａｉＪｉａｓｉ（白家驷）；ＫｏｎｇＸ...     

Thiamine deficiency in utero alters response to ethanol in adulthood

To determine whether prenatal thiamine deficiency, a frequent concomitant of alcoholism, reduces the response to ethanol during adulthood in the rat as does ethanol exposure in utero (Abel et al. 1981), pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received either control or thiamine deficient diets together with daily injections of the thiamine antagonist pyrithiamine. At 7 months of age, male offspring were exposed to precisely regulated ethanol vapor concentrations in an inhalation chamber for 24 h and blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) and ethanol-induced intoxication were determined. Prenatally thiamine deficient rats and controls were indistinguishable in terms of appearance, body and liver weights, and the ratios of liver to body weight and brain to liver weight. However, total body water was significantly greater, and BECs and behavioral impairment were decreased, in the experimental rats. These findings indicate that prenatal thiamine deprivation is associated with reduced pharmacologic effect of ethanol as a result of increases in its volume of distribution and rate of metabolism.