高职院校实验室建设与管理的探讨与实践

为了适应医学高等职业教育培养目标的需要,河南职工医学院积极探索实验室建设与管理模式,实验室建设发展迅速,管理进一步规范化、科学化,提高了实验室的整体效益,为实践教学质量的提高和高素质知识技能型人才的培养提供了有力保障。     

麻醉学实践教学中临床技能培训与考核标准的架构与思考

本文探讨如何在麻醉学实践教学中构建规范化的临床技能培训模式与考核标准,以达到改进和完善麻醉学实践教学质量,充实专业内涵建设的目的。以麻醉学临床实践教学为切人点,引入标准化病人并充分利用模拟教学等措施,构建科学、适用、规范的麻醉学临床技能培训与考核内容。经过郧阳医学院附属太和医院规范化技能培训与考核的学生,在毕业后实际工作中的技能水平较其他医院实习学生具有一定的优势。实践证明,规范化培训与考核是加强麻醉学实践教学的有效手段。     

Kinematics of Arm Joint Rotations in Cerebellar and Unskilled Subjects Associated with the Inability to Throw Fast

Cerebellar subjects and unskilled throwers cannot produce fast arm movements when throwing. We investigated the arm movement kinematics associated with this lack of skill. Cerebellar subjects and matched controls, and skilled throwers throwing with their skilled (dominant) and unskilled (nondominant) arms, were instructed to make slow, medium, and fast 3-D overarm throws from a sitting position. Only the fast throws were analyzed in detail. Joint motions were computed from angular positions of arm segments recorded with search coils. When throwing, both the cerebellar group and the unskilled-arm group had slower arm movements, and slower elbow extension and wrist flexion velocities than their reference groups. They also had similar magnitudes of many kinematic parameters, e.g., both cerebellar and unskilled groups had similar elbow extension and wrist flexion velocities. Compared to their reference groups, both the cerebellar and unskilled-arm groups also had a smaller elbow extension acceleration, a smaller shoulder adduction deceleration, and the absence of a large elbow extension deceleration before ball release. Similar decreases in joint velocities and in joint accelerations and decelerations in the cerebellar and unskilled groups are consistent with the idea that the absence of the skill of throwing fast in both groups is associated with an inability to exploit interaction torques.     

456名乡镇卫生院医生综合素质评定

根据现代教育心理学原理和医学教育测量理论，从知识、技术、态度三个方面评价医生的综合素质。采用书面考虑和评分量表分别测评456名乡镇卫生院医生的知识，技能和态度素质，比较分析不同年龄、学历、职称医生各类素质的差异，提出了提高乡镇卫生院医生综合素质的有关建议。     

沟通技巧在脑血管意外失语病人中的应用

目的 总结沟通技巧应用于脑血管意外失语病人中的护理经验。方法对我科14例神志清楚的失语患者运用恰当的语言交流及非语言交流等形式与病人沟通。结果沟通技巧的应用，使病人能清楚的表达所需，大大提高了对护理工作的满意度。结论良好的沟通不仅能缓解病人的焦虑、紧张情绪，满足病人的需要，也有利于疾病的康复。     

What do doctors think their caseload should be to maintain their skills for delivery care?

OBJECTIVES: To seek the opinions of doctors on what they thought the minimum, maximum and optimum annual caseload should be for the maintenance of skills and competence in a variety of obstetric procedures. METHODS: An expert panel of respondents from Africa and Asia was asked to give their opinions on what they believed the minimum, maximum and optimum caseload should be for 11 obstetric procedures via a series of structured questionnaires (Delphi exercise). In subsequent questionnaires, participants were asked if they wished to reconsider their opinions in light of the group response. RESULTS: The median values of responses given for the minimum, maximum and optimum caseloads for the 11 obstetric procedures did not change substantially over time, though greater consensus was developed as indicated by reductions in the size of inter-quartile ranges in later rounds. CONCLUSIONS: We encountered several problems associated with using the Delphi technique in this context, which throws doubt on the validity and usefulness of our results. Caseload is just one of many factors, as indicated by our expert panel that need to be considered when planning the delivery of obstetric services in remote areas. High quality training, continued medical education, appropriate quality assurance procedures, and provision of a supportive enabling environment are also important requirements. In addition, the views of clinicians need to be balanced against more objective evidence of quality of care and patient outcome in relation to procedural volume. Such evidence is lacking in the field of obstetrics and requires further investigation.     

社会功能训练对长期住院精神分裂症患者影响的效果观察

目的:对长期住院精神分裂症患者实施社会功能训练,以提高其住院生活质量,延缓精神衰退。方法:随机将50例患者分为研究组与对照组,在配合药物治疗的同时,对照组采用传统的护理方法,研究组给予生活技能训练、社会技能训练、健康教育及家庭干预等措施,定期对两组进行住院病人观察量表(NOSIE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)和总体幸福感量表(GWB)评定,同步性比较研究。结果:研究组患者的日常生活自理能力、社会能力、社会兴趣等方面比对照组明显提高。两组在NOSIE、ADL总分及各因子、生活技能方面差异性显著(P<0.01),研究组患者在病程、住院时间方面比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:社会功能训练可提高患者的生活质量和满意度,延缓精神衰退。     

如何提高高级护理专业学生护理操作技能

高级护理专业以培养高级技术应用性护理人才为目标,加强护理操作技能训练是人才培养过程中的一个非常重要的环节。通过制定与培养目标相吻合的专业教学计划,制定实训教学大纲,制定护理操作技能考核细则,改革教学方法,改革考试方法,可以有效地提高学生护理操作技能。     

Development and validation of an instrument to measure nurse educator perceived confidence in clinical teaching

Teaching nursing in clinical environments is considered complex and multi‐faceted. Little is known about the role of the clinical nurse educator, specifically the challenges related to transition from clinician, or in some cases, from newly‐graduated nurse to that of clinical nurse educator, as occurs in developing countries. Confidence in the clinical educator role has been associated with successful transition and the development of role competence. There is currently no valid and reliable instrument to measure clinical nurse educator confidence. This study was conducted to develop and psychometrically test an instrument to measure perceived confidence among clinical nurse educators. A multi‐phase, multi‐setting survey design was used. A total of 468 surveys were distributed, and 363 were returned. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The instrument was successfully tested and modified in phase 1, and factorial validity was subsequently confirmed in phase 2. There was strong evidence of internal consistency, reliability, content, and convergent validity of the Clinical Nurse Educator Skill Acquisition Assessment instrument. The resulting instrument is applicable in similar contexts due to its rigorous development and validation process.     

南京市居民健康知识、行为、技能现状调查

[目的]了解南京市居民对健康知识、行为、技能的掌握现状,为制定和评价卫生政策及干预措施提供科学依据。[方法]根据调查方案的要求,采用多阶段、分层、整群随机抽样,对玄武区、雨花台区15～69岁共900人进行问卷调查。[结果]南京市居民健康知识知晓率为60.5%、健康行为知晓率为53.1%、健康技能知晓率为68.6%。知晓率与年龄、文化程度、职业具有相关关系。[结论]南京市居民健康知识、行为、技能水平较低,而且有一些基本的健康知识还存在空白点。应针对重点人群和重点健康问题,制定科学、可行及有效的传播策略,广泛开展以提高基本健康知识与技能、促进健康行为形成为目的的综合干预活动。