肺炎伴全身炎症反应综合征C反应蛋白及血糖变化关系研究

目的研究肺炎伴全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)时C反应蛋白及血糖水平的变化及其意义。方法随机选取131例非SIRS肺炎、63例肺炎伴SIRS S1期、44例肺炎伴SIRS S2期,以及37例肺炎伴多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)的住院患者,对比研究血糖及CRP的改变以及治疗前后的变化。另设40例健康者为对照组。结果⑴非SIRS肺炎组血糖处于正常范围,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;⑵SIRS S1组、SIRS S2组及MODS组血糖明显高于对照组,且各组间差异有统计学意义;⑶各肺炎组CRP均明显高于对照组,MODS组高于SIRS组,SIRS组高于非SIRS组,SIRS组中的S2组高于S1组,各组间差异有统计学意义;⑷经治疗1周后,CRP及血糖在MODS组分别下降了3.7%和11.2%,SIRS S2组下降14.6%和17.3%,SIRS S1组下降33.5%和21.1%,各组间的下降程度存在显著性差异。结论重症肺炎时,CRP及血糖随着病情加重平行升高。CRP及血糖两项指标的联合应用对于预测肺炎是否并发SIRS具有一定的临床意义。     

PCT水平、APACHE III及MODS评分对SIRS患者预后预测性的临床比较

目的比较PCT(前降钙素)水平、APACHEIII评分和MODS评分对SIRS(系统性炎症反应综合征)患者预后的预测能力。方法将1998年11月～2004年11月间入住我院ICU,满足SIRS标准的95例患者纳入此次研究。PCT在动脉血样本中检测,记录患者入院第1个24h后APACHEIII和MODS评分,连续2周每天记录1次或直到患者出院或死亡。将患者按预后分成两组,生存者(n=71)和非生存者(n=24)。按照PCT水平的变化结果又分为3组下降组、升高组、无变化组。结果在整个研究期间APACHEIII和MODS评分在生存者和非生存者之间都有显著区别,但是PCT在生存者和非生存者之间区别仅表现在第1到第7天,入院当天按PCT的水平所分的三组中生存者和非生存者PCT的值无显著性区别。PCT、APACHEIII评分和MODS评分第1天预测死亡率的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.690,0.915,0.913。结论PCT可以作为SIRS患者死亡率的预测因子,但是可靠性低于APACHEIII和MODS评分。     

L-selectin shows time and gender dependency in association with MODS

BACKGROUND: Recent investigations have demonstrated gender related immunologic alterations after trauma. These complications arise due to polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) interacting with endothelium via L-selectin. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate gender related differences in the expression of L-selectin in relation to posttraumatic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). METHODS: Multiply injured patients were prospectively entered in the study. MODS was determined using the Denver score. The concentration of L-selectin on the surface of PMN was determined using flow cytometry during a 14 days' period. RESULTS: 48 patients were included in the study. The kinetics of L-selectin were different comparing male and female patients. Male patients with MODS initially showed a rapid decrease of surface L-selectin from 80 to 20 ng/ml. A return to admission levels was related to MODS. Male patients without MODS displayed elevated L-selectin levels up to 140 ng/ml. Female patients, however, all showed an initial rapid decrease of L-selectin to 20 ng/ml. Women who developed posttraumatic MODS had significantly increased levels up to 110 ng/ml before development of MODS developed. CONCLUSIONS: We feel that a gender related dimorphism in the initial L-selectin expression following trauma exists and is associated with MODS. These findings indicate new therapeutic means for the treatment of MODS. Therapies should be timely and gender dependently coordinated.     

Pentoxifyllin Attenuates the Systemic Inflammatory Response Induced During Isolated Limb Perfusion With Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Melphalan

Background: Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor- (rhTNF-) and melphalan harbors the risk of septic shock–like syndrome. Pentoxifyllin (PTX) produced a beneficial effect on cytokine response and survival in animal experiments of septic shock, and we were interested to explore its effect during TNF-ILP in humans.Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients underwent TNF-ILP and received PTX (30 mg/kg/day), whereas another 13 consecutive patients did not. PTX was given systemically after the limb extracorporeal circulation was started. Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and pulmonary vascular resistance were recorded via a Swan-Ganz catheter. Blood levels of TNF-, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein were determined before, during, and after ILP.Results: After reperfusion, systemic levels of TNF- were significantly less increased in the PTX group (peak, 2.8 vs. 1.3 ng/mL; P < .05), as were interleukin-6 values (peak, 68 vs. 22 pg/mL; P < .02) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein plasma levels (peak, 215 vs. 105 g/mL; P < .03). Differences in cardiac index, SVR, and mean arterial blood pressure were not significantly different. Norepinephrine or dobutamine to maintain SVR was less required in the PTX group.Conclusions: PTX attenuates systemic cytokine production and influences components of the systemic inflammatory response after TNF-ILP. PTX may play a beneficial role in the management of septic shock–like syndrome, particularly in patients with leakage from the ILP circuit.Presented at the 55th Annual Meeting of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Denver, Colorado, March 14–17, 2002.     

SIRS评分对ICU鲍氏不动杆菌感染患者预后评估的研究

目的 评价SIRS评分对ICU危重症患者感染鲍氏不动杆菌预后的意义.方法 回顾性分析ICU 70例鲍氏不动杆菌感染的患者临床资料,研究其预后与SIRS评分的关系.结果 70例患者中,存活51例,占72.9％,死亡19例,死亡率为27.1％；在死亡的患者当中SIRS评分高的死亡率也高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论对于鲍氏不动杆菌感染的ICU患者,SIRS评分分值高可能预示预后不良.     

Putative N-terminal sequence of murine soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS): significant homology with short neurotoxin 1

Soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) is a low-molecular-weight protein (approximately 10,000 daltons) produced by mitogen- or interferon-activated T lymphocytes that can block development of humoral or cell-mediated immune responses in vivo or in vitro. As previously reported, murine SIRS is heterogeneous, eluting in two broad peaks on high performance reverse phase chromatography as well as displaying several broad isoelectric point forms. A putative N-terminal 21 amino acid sequence has been obtained for one of the less hydrophobic isoforms, SIRS-alpha 7. The sequence of SIRS-alpha 7 is unique in mammals but shows a remarkable homology to the family of short neurotoxins (short neurotoxin 1) found in sea snake, adder, and cobra species. A degenerate oligonucleotide probe based on the protein sequence was synthesized and was shown to hybridize to SIRS messenger RNA as measured by SIRS synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. A synthetic polypeptide based on the 21-residue sequence was also prepared and coupled to thyroglobulin or keyhole limpet hemocyanin. These were used to prepare rabbit antisera that neutralize SIRS bioactivity and precipitate authentic SIRS.     

低剂量环磷酰胺减轻烧伤早期全身炎症介质综合征发生的实验研究

目的探讨低剂量环磷酰胺对烧伤大鼠全身炎症介质综合征 (SIRS)的控制作用。方法以大鼠为实验动物 ,分为空白组、对照组、实验组。对照组、实验组制作 5 0 %Ⅲ°烫伤模型 ,实验组于伤后 1小时腹腔内注射低剂量环磷酰胺 (2mg/kg) ,对照组腹腔内注射等量生理盐水。分别在伤后 2h、3h、6h测量 2组血液及肝脏组织中肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF -a)的含量。喂养至动物死亡观察两组动物的生存时间。结果实验组、对照组伤后 2小时血液及肝脏内TNF -a的含量明显高于未烧伤的空白组 (P <0 0 5 )。实验组伤后 2h、3h、6h血液及肝脏内TNF -a的含量明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。实验组动物的生存时间明显延长 (P <0 0 5 )。结论低剂量环磷酰胺能够减少烧伤后炎症介质的释放 ,能减轻烧伤后SIRS的发生。     

Procalcitonin in preoperative diagnosis of abdominal sepsis

Background and aims The present study attempted to identify the diagnostic significance of procalcitonin (PCT) in acute abdominal conditions as well as the range of concentrations relating to diagnosis of abdominal sepsis. Materials and methods This was prospective clinical study. The study included 98 consecutive patients with acute abdominal conditions, divided in sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) group. Results PCT concentrations on admission were significantly higher in the sepsis group than in the SIRS group (median [interquartile range] 2.32 [7.41] vs 0.45 ng/ml [2.62]). A cutoff value of 1.1 ng/ml yielded 72.4% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity. In a group of patients with abdominal symptoms lasting for more than 24 h, a cut-off value of 1.1 ng/ml yielded higher sensitivity (82.9%) and higher specificity (77.3%). Conclusion Our results suggest that PCT measurements may be useful for early, preoperative diagnosis of abdominal sepsis.