Atrial level right to left intracardiac shunt associated with postoperative hypoxemia: demonstration with contrast two-dimensional echocardiography

Transient hypoxemia is not uncommon after major cardiac or thoracic surgery. The differential diagnosis includes atelectasis, pulmonary embolus, pneumonitis, congestive heart failure and several other diverse cardiovascular and pulmonary problems. Less well recognized is transient right to left intracardiac shunting through a patient foramen ovale or previously unsuspected atrial septal defect. Three cases of clinically important hypoxemia associated with right to left shunting after aortocoronary bypass surgery are presented. The right to left shunting was documented with contrast-enhanced echocardiography, which is a simple, inexpensive and accurate means of screening patients for intracardiac right to left shunts and may play a valuable role in the postoperative management of patients.     

孟加拉玫瑰红诱导的激光所致大鼠缺血性视神经病变模型制作

目的:视神经损伤是以视网膜神经节细胞的轴突损害为主要特征,所以研究缺血性视神经病变模型以抑制视神经节细胞损伤对于人类治疗致盲性眼病具有重大意义.方法:大鼠60只,双眼分别为孟加拉玫瑰红注射实验组、孟加拉玫瑰红注射 激光实验组、激光实验组和空白对照组,用25g/L乌拉坦10mL/kg麻醉,ip.结果:用孟加拉玫瑰红尾部注射和单纯激光的方法均不能产生视网膜缺血.用孟加拉玫瑰红诱导后,用激光的方法可以成功制作缺血性视神经病变模型,并在闪光VEP、视网膜血液供应、光镜、电镜、定量观察等方面都有相应的改变.结论:用孟加拉玫瑰红诱导激光可成功制作缺血性视神经病变模型     

金樱子对实验性IgA肾病大鼠MCP-1mRNA表达的影响

目的研究金樱子水醇提取液对实验性IgA肾病大鼠肾组织MCP-1mRNA表达的影响,了解其作用机制。方法建立IgA肾病大鼠模型,将36只动物随机分成正常组、模型组和治疗组,用RT-PCR方法检测各实验组肾脏组织MCP- 1mRNA表达。结果MCP-1mRNA在3个实验组中的相对表达量分别为:(0.3083±0.1594),(0.8732±0.5017),(0.4182±0.1933),与模型组相比,金樱子治疗组能有效抑制MCP-1mRNA在肾组织的表达(P<0.05)。结论金樱子能下调MCP-1mRNA在肾脏的表达,减少局部炎症反应,减轻肾脏损害,保护肾脏。     

A simple estimate of glomerular filtration rate in full-term infants during the first year of life

An estimate of glomerular filtration rate has been derived for children from body length (L, in centimeters) and plasma creatinine (Pcr, in milligrams per deciliter): GFR = 0.55 L/Pcr. The near universality of this estimate in children led us to seek a similar formula for estimating GFR in full-term infants during the first year of life. We measured Pcr in 137 healthy infants and performed creatinine clearance (Ccr) studies in 63 of them aged greater than or equal to 5 days. Beyond the first week, Pcr averaged 0.39 +/- 0.01 (0.10 SD) mg/dl. The estimate of GFR from 0.55 L/Pcr overestimated Ccr by 24% (P less than 0.001). Based on the calculation of a new constant from Ccr X Pcr/L, GFR was more accurately estimated from 0.45 L/Pcr (mean difference of Ccr - 0.45 L/Pcr = -0.4 +/- 3.7 (SE) ml/min X 1.73 m2) in full-term infants between 1 and 52 weeks of age. Because the constant 0.45 and Pcr do not change significantly during this period, GFR can be approximated at the bedside from body length of the healthy full-term infant (GFR = 0.45 L/0.39 = 1.1 L).     

金樱子醇提物对血清病型肾炎大鼠的药理作用

目的研究金樱子醇提物对血清病型肾炎大鼠的药理作用。方法经大鼠尾静脉注射小牛血清诱发血清病型肾炎,对血清病型肾炎大鼠灌胃给予金樱子醇提物4周,观察金樱子醇提物对血清病型肾炎大鼠的尿肌酐、尿蛋白及血清总蛋白、肌酐和尿素氮的作用。结果金樱子醇提物显著降低血清病型肾炎模型大鼠尿蛋白、血清肌酐和尿素氮水平,升高血清总蛋白含量,减轻肾组织的病理变化。结论金樱子醇提物能减轻血清病型肾炎大鼠模型肾小球病变并改善肾功能。     

Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma masquerading as a felon

This report describes a rare occurrence of a subcutaneous metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma to the distal fingertip. The original clinical presentation suggested an infectious process. Subsequent roentgenograms, sterile cultures, and positive biopsy material revealed that the lesion started as a subcutaneous metastasis that secondarily involved adjacent bone. Amputation of the digit was performed.     

Mutagenic and antimutagenic potential of the medicinal plants M. laevigata and C. xanthocarpa

Aqueous extracts of medicinal plants (Mikania laevigata and Campomanesia xanthocarpa) were screened for the presence of mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome assay. The extracts of Campomanesia xanthocarpa showed frameshift (TA97a strain) signs of mutagenic activity without exogenous metabolism (S9 fraction). The infusions of Mikania laevigata, negative for mutagenic activity, showed high percentages of inhibition of mutagenesis induced by mutagens 2AF (2-amino fluorene), in the presence of exogenous metabolism (S9 fraction), for frameshift (TA98) and base pair substitution (TA100) lesions. In addition, these inhibitions were observed against mutagen SAZ (sodium azide) in assays with the TA100 strain, without exogenous metabolism (S9 fraction). A synergistic effect was also observed in frameshift mutagenic events, with direct action in the presence of 4NQO (4-oxide-1-nitroquinoline) and a tendency to a low percentage of action enhancement, in the presence of the 2AF mutagen. The variable responses observed in the extract assays show the potentials for interaction of the different active principles in genetic material.     

The effects of oral and intravenous direct thrombin inhibitors on the size of photochemically induced cortical infarction in rats

Oral thrombin inhibitors are under development as potential drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic events. The effect of pretreatment with two direct thrombin inhibitors, melagatran and inogatran, was evaluated in a rat model of cerebral infarction. Ischaemic stroke was induced by photochemical reaction after an injection of Rose Bengal and focused posterior and to the right of the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures on the intact calvarium. A single oral dose of melagatran (30 μmol/kg) significantly reduced the volume of the cortical infarct by 53% (P<.05) compared with control. In addition, following intravenous inogatran (6 μmol/kg) or oral inogatran (100 μmol/kg), the volume of the cortical infarct decreased by 83% and 19%, respectively, compared with control. This study showed that experimental focal ischaemic infarction, elicited by photochemically induced endothelial cell damage, can be significantly reduced with melagatran and inogatran, direct thrombin inhibitors.