高同型半胱氨酸对合并非瓣膜性心房颤动的急性脑梗死患者近期预后的影响

目的 探讨同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine，Hcy）对合并非瓣膜性心房颤动的急性脑梗死患者近期预
后的影响。
方法 前瞻性连续纳入合并非瓣膜性心房颤动的急性脑梗死的住院患者，所有患者均在发病48 h
内住院。收集患者的基线临床资料及相关实验室检查结果。随访患者发病90 d时临床预后，良好预后
定义为mRS评分≤2分。采用多因素Logistic回归分析，探讨合并非瓣膜性心房颤动的急性脑梗死患者
90 d预后的独立影响因素。
结果 共纳入患者112例，男性46例（41.1%），年龄45～92岁，平均76.23±9.02岁。其中良好预
后患者53例（47.3%）。多因素回归分析显示，入院时NIHSS评分高（OR 1.632，95%CI 1.185～2.250，
P =0.03）、高血糖（OR 1.360，95%CI 1.052～1.758，P =0.019）、高Hcy水平（OR 1.702，95%CI
1.133～2.557，P =0.010）是影响患者90 d预后的独立危险因素。
结论 高Hcy是合并非瓣膜性心房颤动的急性脑梗死患者短期不良预后的独立影响因素。     

降调节对卵子质量的影响

近10余年来，在体外受精一胚胎移植（IVF-ET）周期中应用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRH-a）进行控制性卵巢刺激（COS）已成为普遍采用的方法，其主要原因是GnRH-a可以促进卵巢内多个卵泡同步发育和成熟，抑制内源性黄体生成素（LH）峰，阻遏卵泡过早黄素化及卵子早熟。由于GnRH-a在IVF-ET进行降调节COS中的应用不同，可将COS方案分为长方案和短方案。[第一段]     

输卵管积水处理方式对体外受精-胚胎移植临床结局的影响

目的探讨输卵管积水的不同腹腔镜手术处理方式对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)临床结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2007年7月因输卵管因素在本中心行常规IVF-ET治疗的294例不育患者的资料,按IVF-ET前腹腔镜下输卵管积水处理方式分组:A组:双侧输卵管近端结扎术28例;B组:双侧输卵管造口术42例;C组:双侧输卵管切除术64例;D组:输卵管阻塞不伴积水80例;E组:单或双侧输卵管积水80例。比较5组患者在IVF-ET周期中卵巢对超排卵的反应性及临床结局的影响。结果C组的窦卵泡数少于B组,发育的卵泡数及获卵数少于其他4组,均有显著性差异(P<0.05);与其他4组相比,C组使用促性腺激素(Gn)的支数最多,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);E组的胚胎植入率为15.9%,临床妊娠率为27.5%,为各组间最低,其中胚胎植入率与A、C和D组比较有显著性差异,临床妊娠率与A和D组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);各组流产率E组最高(22.7%),其次为B组(14.4%),E与C组(4%)比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);异位妊娠率E组最高,其次为B组,但各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论输卵管积水对IVF-ET结局有负面影响,对输卵管积水进行适当预处理有助于改善其临床结局。输卵管近端结扎术不降低卵巢反应性,异位妊娠率及流产率低,是IVF-ET前输卵管积水预处理较理想手术方式。     

腹腔镜下处理输卵管积水对体外受精胚胎移植结局的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜下处理输卵管积水对体外受精胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, IVF-ET)结局的影响.方法 2002～2005年在我院行IVF-ET伴输卵管积水的53例分3个研究组:①未处理组17例,仅行IVF-ET,未对积水进行处理;②直接切除组17例,行IVF-ET术前在腹腔镜下处理输卵管积水;③失败后切除组19例,IVF-ET失败后腹腔镜下处理输卵管积水后再行IVF-ET.结果未处理组新鲜移植周期妊娠率15.8%(3/19),解冻周期妊娠率10.5%(2/19),平均周期妊娠率13.2%(5/38),累积活胎率17.6%(3/17);直接切除组分别为36.8%(7/19),23.1%(3/13),30.3%(10/32),41.7%(8/17);失败后切除组分别为16.7%(2/12),58.3%(14/24),44.4%(16/36),73.7%(14/19).失败后切除组的解冻周期妊娠率、平均周期妊娠率及累积活胎率均高于未处理组(χ2＝10.374,P＝0.001;χ2＝8.903,P＝0.003;χ2＝11.305,P＝0.001),直接切除组平均周期妊娠率及累积活胎率呈高于未处理组的趋势(χ2＝3.377,P＝0.066;χ2＝3.360,P＝0.067).结论输卵管积水降低IVF-ET的妊娠率,妊娠结局不良,腹腔镜下处理输卵管积水后再行IVF-ET提高妊娠率,获得良好的妊娠结局.     

Febrile seizures - treatment and outcome

Assessment of treatment strategies in febrile seizures should be based on short- and long-term outcomes, with and without acute, intermittent, or chronic medical intervention, as well as short- and long-term side effects. Febrile seizures are a benign condition with a normal neurological, motor, intellectual, and cognitive long-term outcome and have a low risk of later epilepsy in most cases. Even many complex febrile seizures have a benign outcome. Prophylaxis may or may not reduce the recurrence rate, but does not appear to improve the long-term outcome as compared to acute treatment of seizures in progress. All agree that chronic prophylaxis with anti-epileptic agents is justified only in highly selected cases, if at all. Treatment with benzodiazepines during febrile episodes appears to effectively reduce the recurrence rate, provided adequate doses are given and compliance problems minimized. A selective approach to intermittent diazepam prophylaxis seems rational, as the recurrence risk and response to treatment are highly variable. An attractive alternative is acute treatment at seizure onset with rectal diazepam in solution given by the parents at home in order to prevent prolonged recurrent seizures. This regimen has the potential of moving the first line of anti-convulsant defence close to the child. It appears to be effective, inexpensive, feasible even for non-professionals, has few side effects and is well accepted by the parents. A reasonable policy would be to treat simple febrile seizures solely with acute rectal diazepam in solution and reserve intermittent diazepam prophylaxis for selected cases including those with multiple or prolonged recurrences, several risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures and other special situations.     

Preliminary Report on Teratogenic Effects of Zonisamide in the Offspring of Treated Women with Epilepsy

Summary: Purpose: We wished to assess the risk of terato-genicity of zonisamide (ZNS) in humans.
Methods: Pregnant epileptic women treated with ZNS and their offspring were prospectively monitored from June 1989 to December 1994. The outcome of pregnancy and status of neonates were examined based on the same standardized protocol.
Results: Twenty-six offspring exposed to ZNS with or without other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were studied. Malformations were detected in 2 offspring (7·7%) exposed to ZNS polypharmacy. Anencephaly was detected in one case at 16 weeks of gestation (case 1, artificial abortion), and atrial septa1 defect was detected in another case at 37 weeks of gestation (case 2, delivery by cesarean section). Serum concentrations of ZNS during the first trimester of pregnancy were 6·1 μg/ml in case 1 and 6·3μ/ml in case 2; in both cases, the levels were below the therapeutic concentration range of ZNS.
Conclusions: Teratogenic effects of ZNS were not clearly defined from these results since malformations were detected in two polypharmacy cases but not in four monopharmacy cases. The present data do not indicate that the risk of ZNS teratogenicity is greater than that of other conventional AEDs. However, such risk cannot be neglected even at therapeutic dosages or concentrations of ZNS, especially in patients receiving polypharmacy.     

Chloroquine blood concentrations and malaria prophylaxis in Tanzanian women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy

Objective: Routine malaria prophylaxis with chloroquine (CQ) is recommended to pregnant semi-immune women in several countries in Africa. The dosage is empirically based. We investigated whether blood CQ concentrations and apparent oral blood clearance (CL/F) change during the course of pregnancy. We also studied whether malaria parasites could be detected together with low CQ blood levels. Methods: Forty nine semi-immune Tanzanian women were recruited in the 16th week of pregnancy. They were given 310 mg oral CQ base once per week as prophylaxis during the whole pregnancy. Capillary blood samples were taken for analysis of CQ before treatment and at weeks 26 and 36. Blood samples were dried on filter paper and analysed by HPLC. Blood was also drawn to detect occurrence of malaria parasites. Results: A total of 25 women fulfilled the sampling schedule. CL/F increased significantly from 160 ml ·  min⁻¹ at week 26 to 180 ml · min⁻¹ at week 36. In 7 of 25 women, CL/F increased >20%. Trough blood CQ concentrations, determined on four occasions at week 26 and at week 36 varied between 200 and 900 nmol · l⁻¹. No statistically significant differences between occasions were seen. Malaria parasites were seen in two individuals early in pregnancy. Conclusion: Blood CQ CL/F showed a small increase during the course of pregnancy. The estimated mean blood CL/F values of 160 and 180 ml · min⁻¹ (week 26 and 36, respectively) were higher than the mean CL/F of 125 ml · min⁻¹ in non-pregnant individuals, published previously. Efficacy of higher dosages of CQ in malaria prophylaxis in pregnant women could, therefore, be evaluated in controlled trials in high-risk malaria areas. Received: 3 July 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 5 November 1996     

可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1在妊娠期高血压疾病中的作用

目的:探讨可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1在妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆中的变化,为临床诊治提供依据。方法:用ELISA法检测29例妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆中可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1水平,并与正常妊娠组和正常对照组进行组间比较。结果:子痫前期组、妊娠期高血压组、正常妊娠组晚期及正常对照组的可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1水平分别为1129.82±399.16、794.35±255.57、661.51±301.79及549.23±139.98ng/ml。组间比较,子痫前期组与妊娠期高血压组之间P<0.05,与正常妊娠组晚期及正常对照组之间P<0.001;妊娠期高血压组与正常对照组之间P<0.001;妊娠期高血压组与正常妊娠组晚期相比P>0.05,正常妊娠组3个不同孕龄阶段P>0.05。结论:可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1在妊娠期高血压疾病时显著升高,并随病情的加重而增高,可作为该病诊断和监控的一项指标。     

中西医结合治疗轻、重度妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症临床分析

目的:评估中西医结合分度治疗妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)的疗效。方法:240例ICP患者按我院自拟的分度诊断标准诊断为轻度ICP(170例)和重度ICP(70例),并随机分成两组。A组(120例)中轻度ICP(85例)给予茵陈汤加西药治疗(思泰美、地塞米松、能量合剂),重度ICP(35例)给予郁胆汤加西药治疗(同前),B组(120例)中轻度ICP(85例)和重度ICP(35例)均给予西药治疗(同前)。同时将60例因入院3天内即分娩而未给予治疗的ICP孕妇作为C组。观察三组患者治疗前后瘙痒评分、肝胆系B超声像图特征、血清生化指标和围生儿预后情况。结果:A组轻度和重度ICP患者治疗一个疗程后瘙痒评分和血清生化指标明显下降,肝胆系B超声像图特征明显改善,与B组相比有统计学差异。与B、C组相比,A组围生儿预后明显改善。结论:针对不同程度的ICP患者给予相应的中西医结合治疗是合理、有效的方法。     

The disability rating index: An instrument for the assessment of disability in clinical settings

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an instrument for assessment of physical disability, mainly intended for clinical settings, the Disability Rating Index (DRI). Healthy persons (n = 1092), both white and blue collar workers, and patients (n = 366) with different levels of physical capacity, were assessed. Most of the patients (n = 303) underwent rehabilitation programmes for neck/shoulder/low-back pain but some (n = 47) were arthritis patients waiting for hip or knee replacement surgery, or wheelchair patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 16). The reliability was investigated by test-retest studies, intra- and inter-rater and internal consistency studies. Five construct validity tests were carried out: a discrimination study; a converging validity test; a test for sensitivity to small alterations in health status; and two correlational validity tests. Correlation of the self-reported DRI to the actual performance in similar activities was carried out. Responsiveness was tested by correlation of the DRI before/after replacement surgery for arthritis. The test-retest correlations were 0.83–0.95 in the studies, including correlation of different versions. The intra- and inter-rater reproducibility was 0.98 and 0.99 respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test in the discrimination study yielded p < 0.0001. More than 90% of the respondents completed the questionnaire correctly. Correlation of the DRI to the Functional Status Questionnaire was 0.46. The responsiveness was excellent, p = 0.0001. The DRI proved to be a robust, practical clinical and research instrument with good responsiveness and acceptability for assessment of disability caused by impairment of common motor functions.