郑州市1996~2005年梅毒流行病学分析

目的寻求郑州市梅毒流行规律和特点,为制订防治政策提供依据。方法对1996~2005年郑州市梅毒病例资料进行分析。结果1996~2005年梅毒的发病率呈上升趋势。以早期梅毒为主,一期梅毒发病数高于二期梅毒;梅毒感染者主要在20~44岁年龄段,占60.05%;工人、农民、待业、商业服务、干部分别占20.44%,18.15%,11.52%,8.54%,6.25%。结论应加强梅毒防治工作力度,规范梅毒诊治,全面实施健康教育、行为干预等综合防治措施。     

Antisocial personality disorder, HIV risk behavior and retention in methadone maintenance therapy

In a sample of 55 consecutive methadone maintenance admissions to our clinic, 42% were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) using the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule NIMH DIS. Individuals with ASPD exhibited greater risk for HIV infection as defined by more sexual contacts, needle use and equipment sharing. Data at 1 year follow-up were obtained on this group of patients. The objective was to compare the ASPD and non-ASPD groups with regards to demographics, drug abuse history, outcome and retention in treatment. There were no significant differences between the groups on any demographic or treatment outcome variables. Survival analysis indicated that there were no group differences in treatment retention. In conclusion, although there were no differences in treatment outcome between ASPD and non-ASPD groups it is possible that ASPD patients who drop out of treatment will be at higher risk for contracting and spreading HIV within the IV drug using population. These data also suggest that in this population the diagnosis of ASPD using primarily behavioral traits as measured in the NIMH-DIS-III, has little utility in predicting treatment outcome.     

吴(大士)药签选方用药特点探析

北宋名医吴本的精湛医术和高尚医德在漳州、泉州和台南民众中久为传颂，流感在慈济宫的“济世仙方药鉴”是现存有关吴本的宝贵医药资料，该药签体现了中医的选方特点和用药特点，今天仍有整理研究的价值。     

82例高血压患者16项人格特质测验

研究目的应用卡特尔16项人格特质测验探讨原发性高血压患者的人格特征。研究背景高血压病是危害人类健康的常见病之一，发病率逐年上升，但其病因至今尚未阐明，故有必要从心理、人格方面来探讨高血压的发病原因，以利于高血压病的防治。研究方法本文对82例均由2名以上内科医师确诊为原发性高血压、且现在高压仍保持在20／12．7kPa以上的患者进行卡特尔16项人格特质测验，并与78例人群对照分析。结果高血压患者在C－稳定性、E－峙强性、Q－紧张性以及在双重人格因素类型中的适应与焦虑方面与正常对照组有显著差异（P＜0．05）。结论心理－社会因素是促使高血压发生的重要因素，它对高血压病因的阐明有重要意义，同时也使我们越来越重视运用心理、行为疗法，如生物反馈、各种松驰疗法等去防治高血压。     

Familial and socioeconomic influences on children''s well-being: An examination of preschool children in Kenya

As patterns of family formation change, it is important to know how children's lives are affected by their parents' marital and socioeconomic circumstances. Using data from the 1993 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, this study shows that children of never married and formerly married mothers have significantly higher probabilities of polio dropout and acute undernutrition than those of monogamously married mothers. The number of male household members of working age greatly enhances the chances of full immunization and the nutritional status of children whose mothers were previously married. For children of never married mothers, the benefits of residing with males of working age are largely a function of ethnicity. The results also show that, although children are not disadvantaged nutritionally when their fathers have more than one wife, polygyny is associated with a higher probability of polio dropout and lower probability of full immunization than monogamy. Higher socioeconomic status is associated with a greater probability of full immunization and a lower probability of malnutrition but socioeconomic factors do not explain the effects of mothers' marital status. The findings underscore the complex realities of family interaction and the importance of the broader social context in accounting for variations in child welfare across diverse marital situations.     

结肠造口结肠癌原位移植模型的建立

Objective To establish a colorectal cancer colostomy orthotopic transplantation mice model. Methods A colostomy was preformed in BALB/C nu-nu nude mice. After two weeks, when the stoma healed, tumor tissues developed from Lovo cells were implanted into the submucosa of the stoma. When tumor grew up to 5 nun, fluorouracil(5-FU, 20 mg/kg) was administrated by intraperitoneal injection. Tumor developed at the colostomy was observed and its biological characteristics and behaviour were evaluated. Results Colostomy was performed in 10 mice and stoma healed at two weeks. Ten colostomies developed detectable tumor in two to three weeks. Three to five weeks later, the tumors grew up to 5 mm. Survival time of mice injected with 5-FU was (15.2±3.7) weeks (ranged: 11-21 weeks), and the survival time of the no-treantment group was (12.3±2.8)weeks (ranged:9-19 weeks). The difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The rate of mesenteric metastasis was 1/5 and 2/5 in the treatment and no-treatment group respectively. Conclusion Colostomy orthotopic transplantation mice model is an ideal mice model with the advantages of having high success rate, visualization of implanted tumor in living animal, long survival time and significant tumor response to common chemotherapeutic agent.     

温州市艾滋病流行特征及流行趋势分析

目的 分析温州市1985～2000年HIV／AIDS流行现状及影响因素，为采取有效控制措施提供依据。方法 分析全市的艾滋病监测及实验室资料。结果 1985年发现首例HIV抗体阳性，至2000年底累计发现感染者124例，发病27例，死亡16例。感染者以青壮年为主，男女比例为3．28：1，静脉推注吸毒和性接触是主要传播途径。结论 预计今后几年温州市高危人群中HIV感染者将大幅度增长，必须采取有效措施预防和控制艾滋病。     

288名罪犯中人格问题的初步调查

目的 了解在押罪犯中人格异常的情况以，利于针对性地实施管理和改造。方法 使用“人格诊断问卷”等工具对某监狱在押犯进行调查，并设置对照组进行研究。结果 研究组中的偏执型、分裂型、反社会、边缘型、表演型、自恋型、回避型、被动攻击型和抑郁型人格的分值显著高于对照组。暴力型罪犯的分裂型、反社会型、表演型及被动攻击型人格分值高于财产型罪犯。而财产型罪犯的强迫型分值高于暴力型罪犯。结论 相对于一般的群体而言，由于家庭、成长背景、社会因素的影响，罪犯中的人格偏离较为显著。     

精神分裂症患者心理防御机制与人格特征的相关性分析

目的　探讨精神分裂症患者心理防御方式和人格特片的特点及二者的相关性。方法　分别运用防御方式问卷 (DSQ)和艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)对 10 1名精神分裂症患者和 30例正常人群进行防御方式评定和人格测定。结果　与正常对照组相比 ,精神分裂症患者更多采用不成熟和中间型防御方式 (P <0 0 5 )。防御方式与人格特征存在着一定的关联性 (P <0 0 5 )。不成熟型防御方式和中间型防御机制与EPQ的精神质 (P)得分和神经质 (N)得分呈显著正相关 (P <0 0 1) ,成熟防御机制与内外向(E)得分呈显著正相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　精神分裂症患者更多地使用不成熟防御机制 ,存在病态人格 ,且者之间存在明显相关性 ,有关结果 ,对于探讨精神分裂症患者的病理心理机制和开展心理治疗有指导意义。     

Functional differences among those high and low on a trait measure of psychopathy.

BACKGROUND: It has been established that individuals who score high on measures of psychopathy demonstrate difficulty when performing tasks requiring the interpretation of other's emotional states. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relation of emotion and cognition to individual differences on a standard psychopathy personality inventory (PPI) among a nonpsychiatric population. METHODS: Twenty participants completed the PPI. Following survey completion, a mean split of their scores on the emotional-interpersonal factor was performed, and participants were placed into a high or low group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected while participants performed a recognition task that required attention be given to either the affect or identity of target stimuli. RESULTS: No significant behavioral differences were found. In response to the affect recognition task, significant differences between high- and low-scoring subjects were observed in several subregions of the frontal cortex, as well as the amygdala. No significant differences were found between the groups in response to the identity recognition condition. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that participants scoring high on the PPI, although not behaviorally distinct, demonstrate a significantly different pattern of neural activity (as measured by blood oxygen level-dependent contrast)in response to tasks that require affective processing. The results suggest a unique neural signature associated with personality differences in a nonpsychiatric population.