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101.
目的通过改进直接体绘制技术(DVR)算法中的关键步骤,绘制能表达数据场中不同层次组织的内部结构。方法根据界面对光线的反射和物质本身对光线的衰减,将数据场划分为边界不丰富的简单数据场和边界丰富的复杂数据场,从而采用分段线性函数来构造阻光度传递函数(TF);将数据场中低灰度体素点看为一种不发光但会导致采样光线衰减的物质;根据采样结束时采样光线的阻光度分布来调整TF,完成三维绘制。结果绘制出了不同层次组织的内部结构。结论本算法有效地解决了体素点相互遮挡的问题,实现了医学三维整体可视化。  相似文献   
102.
The long-term cost of effective management for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains an important issue in pharmacoeconomics because about 25% of men aged 50 yr and older experience voiding problems due to BPH. With the ageing population and the increase in the percentage of patients with BPH for whom any type of treatment can be considered, a substantial increase in total costs to society can be expected. The up-front costs of interventional approaches to BPH are being replaced by a pattern of long-term medical and preventive therapy. The age-adjusted rate of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) reached a high point in 1987 and TURP rates, but not costs, have been in decline ever since. Mean 1-yr treatment costs (medical therapy and TURP) have been estimated in a pan-European study to be 858 Euros per patient, 75% of which were medication costs. Using a 2-yr time frame for treatment, Medicare costs for finasteride, terazosin, and TURP have been estimated as $3874, $2161, and $1820, respectively. The available models of the total long-term cost for all therapies for BPH remain compromised by a lack of inclusion of indirect costs, the lack of true long-term data and, critically, the lack of human cost information (patient preference). Only medical therapy provides a preventive as well as symptomatic potential and, if all of the issues were fully incorporated, it is likely that medical therapy would be increasingly recognised as economically preferable.  相似文献   
103.
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 2 and 3 are autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorders caused by mutations in two different genes. We identified mutations for SCA2 and SCA3 segregating simultaneously in a single Brazilian family. The index patient had SCA2, whereas her two second-degree cousins had SCA3. Disease was more rapidly progressive in the SCA2 patient, who presented severe brainstem and pancerebellar atrophy, as opposed to the two SCA3 patients, who had only mild cerebellar vermian atrophy. In such situations, molecular confirmation of all patients may avoid misdiagnosis of SCA subtypes and eventual errors in predictive testing of unaffected family members.  相似文献   
104.
目的:探讨沈阳地区汉族人群中多巴胺D3受体基因(DRD3)第一外显子第9密码子A→G单核苷酸置换多态性(Ser9Gly多态)与精神分裂症的关联。方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性内切酶片断长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术对70例精神分裂症患者、94名健康对照者进行基因分型鉴定。比较患者组与对照组DRD3多态性分布频率、精神分裂症早发组与非早发组基因分布频率差异,并与其他国家人群进行比较。结果:患者组与对照组之间等位基因分布无明显差异,早发组与非早发组亦未发现明显差异,而该位点等位基因分布频率与巴西、英国人群有明显差异。结论:研究人群中未发现DRD3基因Ser9Gly多态与精神分裂症存在明显关联。  相似文献   
105.
目的了解引起鼻咽癌放射治疗并发症的影响因素,通过观察CT模拟及三维计划与X线模拟二维计划比较分析对鼻咽癌放射并发症的影响.方法临床观察从1995年~2005收治的并且能够随诊到的161例鼻咽癌病人放疗后出现的并发症.临床从张口受限、急性皮肤反应、颈部组织纤维化、口干症以及鼻腔粘连等并发症来观察结果.结果颈部组织纤维化中、重度,三维计划分别为8/108(7.4%)和1/108(0.9%);二维计划分别为8/53(15.1%)和4/53(7.5%).口干症中、重度三维计划分别为10/108(9.3%)和3/108(2.8%);二维计划分别为17/53(32.1%)和9/53(17.0%).急性皮肤反应中、重度三维计划分别为18/108(16.7%)和8/108(7.4%);二维计划分别为19/53(35.8%)和11/53(20.8%).张口受限三维计划为7/108(6.5%);二维计划为12/53(22.6%).鼻腔粘连三维计划为12/108(11.1%),二维计划为13/53(24.5%).结论CT模拟与三维计划可明显降低放疗并发症的发生.  相似文献   
106.
3DCRT技术治疗原发性肝癌的临床剂量学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨3DCRT技术治疗原发性肝癌的方法、处方剂量与疗效的关系。方法27例有随访结果的肝癌患者,对其肿瘤体积大小、位置、处方剂量及生存期作回顾性总结。结果治疗后肿瘤局部控制率为85.2%(23/27),1年生存率为70.4%(19/27),2年生存率为55.6%(15/27),3年生存率为33.3%(9/27)。所有病人无放射性肝炎等严重副反应发生。结论3DCRT技术治疗不宜手术的肝癌是一种无创而有效的治疗方法,可提高肝癌的局部控制率,不良反应轻微,病人生存质量得到提高。  相似文献   
107.
Abstract: Establishment of mixed bone marrow chimerism in pig-to-primate transplantation, as a means of inducing specific immune tolerance, will require that both immune and nonimmune barriers be overcome. As a preliminary step in evaluating nonimmune barriers in this system, we have developed an in vitro model of engraftment in which long-term culture of porcine bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells is supported on preformed primate bone marrow stromal layers. In the absence of cytokine supplementation, primate stromal cells were unable to support long-term porcine hematopoiesis in these cultures. Supplementation with porcine Steel Factor was required for long-term maintenance of hematopoietic progenitor cell content and total hematopoietic activity. Addition of porcine IL-3, in combination with porcine Steel Factor, increased long-term progenitor cell content and hematopoietic activity on primate stroma to levels comparable to that obtained in cultures on porcine stroma. The combination of porcine GM-CSF and Steel Factor increased progenitor cell content and hematopoietic activity early in the cultures, but had little effect in long-term cultures. The Steel Factor and IL-3 combination was species-specific in its action in these cultures, as the corresponding human cytokines were unable to effectively support long-term porcine hematopoiesis. Likewise, the combination of porcine cytokines had only minimal effects on long-term bone marrow culture of primate CD34+ cells I on primate stroma.  相似文献   
108.
While adult mice receiving picrotoxin (PTX) alone responded with clonic and tonic-clonic seizures, this response was greatly suppressed for mice simultaneously injected with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM). For example, 60% and 10% of the mice convulsed when injected (i.p.) with 3.0 mg/kg PTX alone or PTX plus 205 mg/kg of BDM, respectively. In contrast, a non-oxime analogue of BDM, 2,3-butanedione (BTD), did not have this anticonvulsant effect. In order to explore the basis for the anticonvulsant effect of BDM, we recorded GABA-activated currents (IGABA) of frontal cortical as well as ventromedial hypothalamic neurons before, during and after exposure to this oxime. BDM had a biphasic effect on concentrations (100 μM-40 mM) decreased and lower concentrations (0.01 μM–0.001 μM) potentiatedIGABA; these effects of BDM reversed upon washout of the oxime. In contrast, BTD had no effect onIGABA. Finally, when 0.001 μM BDM, 10–30 μM PTX and GABA were co-applied the inhibitory effect of the toxin onIGABA was markedly suppressed. These data suggest that the anticonvulsant effect of oximes involves facilitation of the inhibitory action of GABA.  相似文献   
109.
Felty's syndrome (FS), the association of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and idiopathic neutropenia, remains an unexplained phenomenon. HLA-DR4 is found in over 90% of cases. Patients with FS may have a T cell lymphocytosis of CD3+CD8+CD57+ large granular lymphocytes (LGL syndrome). In this study of 47 patients with FS, 19% had clear evidence for LGL expansions, while in total 42% had variable evidence for the LGL syndrome using currently available techniques. Of these T cell expansions, 76% were clonal, as demonstrated by Southern blotting and analysis with T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain constant region probes. This technique may fail to detect clonal populations in some patients. Cytofluorographic analysis using antibodies specific for TCR V beta chains identified patients with clonal LGL expansions with results comparable to those obtained with Southern blotting. No evidence for shared V beta usage among expansions from different patients was seen. The role of LGL in RA and FS is currently unclear, but this technique offers a practical and accessible means of identifying patients with LGL expansions, as a starting point for further investigation.  相似文献   
110.
The B cell functional response following ligation of surface(s) lgM is dependent upon the differentiation stage of the populationstudied: cross-linking slgM promotes proliferation of restingtonsillar follicular mantle (FM) B lymphocytes but induces apoptosisin the susceptible Epstein- Barr virus genome-negative Burkittlymphoma (BL) cell line Ramos (Ramos-BL). This study investigateswhether phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (Pl3-kinase), which hasbeen reported to be intimately involved in the regulation ofcellular growth, plays a role in the regulation of these sig-promoted B cell responses, and uses the selective and irreversibleinhibitor of Pl3-kinase activity, wortmannin (Wm). In Ramos-BLB cells, at 8 h post-treatment, Wm triggers a transient increasein apoptosis of 16 ± 6.9% with a concomitant cellularloss of 16 ± 6.1% from the G1 phase of cell cycle; [3H]thymidineincorporation also decreases by 33 ± 5.0%, from 37,274c.p.m. ± 10% to 25,127 c.p.m. ± 4.0%. Moreover,at 72 h culture, Wm inhibits anti-lgM-induced FM B lymphocytelevels of [3H]thymidine incorporation typically by 47% and triggers80% apoptosis from the G0G1 phase of cell cycle. Ramos-BL Bcells exhibit high basal levels of Pl3-kinase activity, as determinedby immunoprecipitation with antibody to the p85 regulatory subunitof Pl3-kinase and 32P incorporation into phosphatidylinositol,which is not significantly affected by anti-lgM stimulation;by contrast, anti-lgM stimulates significant Pl3-kinase activityover negligible basal levels in FM B lymphocytes. Pre-treatmentwith Wm inhibits Pl3-kinase activity in both cell types. Takentogether these data indicate that in Ramos-BL B cells slgM-triggeredgrowth arrest and apoptosis is Pl3- kinase independent, whereasPl3-kinase activity is critical for slgM-triggered mitogenesisof FM B lymphocytes. Thus Pl3-kinase plays a pivotal role inthe regulation of both normal and neoplastic B lymphocyte progressionthrough the cell cycle, such that if this Pl3-kinase-dependentpathway is inhibited these cells default to apoptosis.  相似文献   
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