呼吸道病毒和非典型病原体与下呼吸道感染的相关性研究

目的探讨成人下呼吸道感染患者中常见呼吸道病毒和非典型病原体的感染状况。方法采集2006年1月-2009年4月195例下呼吸道感染患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),采用多重PCR技术检测常见的7种(11个亚型)呼吸道病毒和肺炎支原体(LP)、肺炎衣原体(CP)、嗜肺军团菌(LP)。其中62例同时采集BALF、鼻咽拭子(NpS)和血清三种标本进行病原体检测。结果 195例BALF 65例阳性,患者阳性率33.3%(65/195),共检出72种(株)病原体,病原体阳性率36.9%(72/195),14种(型)病原体检出9种(型),以流感病毒A型(F luA)和鼻病毒(RhV)检出率为高,副流感病毒2型(PIV2)、副流感病毒4型(PIV4)、人类偏肺病毒(hMPV)、人类博卡病毒(HboV)和嗜肺军团菌(LP)未检出。患者以社区获得性肺炎(CAP)和慢性阻塞性肺病急性发作期(AECOPD)阳性率高。62例同时三种标本检测阳性率NpS为50.0%(31/62)、BALF 38.7%(24/62)、血清32.3%(20/62)。结论深圳地区成人下呼吸道感染中病毒感染具有较高比例,以F luA和RhV为主。BALF和NpS非典型病原体检出率较低,所有标本均未检测出hMPV、HboV和LP。     

抗病毒肽作用机制研究进展

抗病毒肽是一类具有抗病毒活性的生物小分子,通过特有的作用方式,其在体外或体内展示了良好的病毒抑制效应,有着良好的应用前景.此文就抗病毒肽的典型作用机制进行了综述.     

Selective targeting of HPV-16 E6/E7 in cervical cancer cells with a potent oncolytic adenovirus and its enhanced effect with radiotherapy in vitro and vivo

Recent studies have shown that oncolytic adenovirus specifically targeted tumor cells while sparing normal cells. Here, we report a novel E1A-mutant adenovirus (M6) with antisense HPV16 E6 E7 DNA inserted into the deleted 6.7 K/gp19 K region of E3. The target effects of M6 on HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. By using cytopathic effect (CPE) and viral replication assays, we verified M6 was competent to selectively replicate in cervical cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, we found infection of M6 was able to inhibit the expression of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes and induce apoptosis of HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells. Further analysis in vitro revealed that the invasive ability of SiHa cells was significantly inhibited by M6. To determine if M6 synergized with radiotherapy-induced anti-tumor activity against HPV16-related cancer cells, we transfected SiHa cells with M6 followed by a single exposure to radiation. A significantly suppression of cell growth and induced apoptosis was observed in SiHa cells received M6 transfection combined with radiotherapy. Animal experiments showed that M6 transfection notably improved the survival of tumor-bearing mice in combination with radiotherapy, much superior to that of those treated by Adv5/dE1A plus radiation or M6 alone. These findings indicated the anti-tumoral efficacy of M6 on HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells and its synergic therapeutic application in radiation for cervical cancer.     

Genome sequence conservation of Hendra virus isolates during spillover to horses, Australia

Bat-to-horse transmission of Hendra virus has occurred at least 14 times. Although clinical signs in horses have differed, genome sequencing has demonstrated little variation among the isolates. Our sequencing of 5 isolates from recent Hendra virus outbreaks in horses found no correlation between sequences and time or geographic location of outbreaks.     

Comparison of survey methods in norovirus outbreak investigation, Oregon, USA, 2009

We compared data from an Internet-based survey and a telephone-based survey during a 2009 norovirus outbreak in Oregon. Survey initiation, timeliness of response, and attack rates were comparable, but participants were less likely to complete Internet questions. Internet-based surveys permit efficient data collection but should be designed to maximize complete responses.     

Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza Viruses A (H1N1) during 2007�C2009 Influenza Seasons, Japan

To monitor oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses A (H1N1) (ORVs) with H275Y in neuraminidase (NA) in Japan during 2 influenza seasons, we analyzed 3,216 clinical samples by NA sequencing and/or NA inhibition assay. The total frequency of ORVs was 2.6% (45/1,734) during the 2007–08 season and 99.7% (1,477/1,482) during the 2008–09 season, indicating a marked increase in ORVs in Japan during 1 influenza season. The NA gene of ORVs in the 2007–08 season fell into 2 distinct lineages by D354G substitution, whereas that of ORVs in the 2008–09 season fell into 1 lineage. NA inhibition assay and M2 sequencing showed that almost all the ORVs were sensitive to zanamivir and amantadine. The hemagglutination inhibition test showed that ORVs were antigenetically similar to the 2008–09 vaccine strain A/Brisbane/59/2007. Our data indicate that the current vaccine or zanamivir and amantadine are effective against recent ORVs, but continuous surveillance remains necessary.     

Detection of Lassa Virus, Mali

To determine whether Lassa virus was circulating in southern Mali, we tested samples from small mammals from 3 villages, including Soromba, where in 2009 a British citizen probably contracted a lethal Lassa virus infection. We report the isolation and genetic characterization of Lassa virus from an area previously unknown for Lassa fever.     

Face up to challenge of virology world

Welcome to the World Journal of Virology (WJV), a new member of the World Journal Series. The World Journal Series was first launched as a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering aspects of research, diagnostics and clinical practice in biomedicine in 1995. WJV is an online and open-access peer-reviewed periodical focusing on virology. WJV covers a variety of topics in different areas of virology, including advances in basic research, updates in nomenclature, the development of novel diagnostic assays, the epidemiology of viral disorders and, new developments in the clinical management of viral diseases, including new vaccines and antiviral therapeutics. The purpose in launching the WJV is to promote knowledge exchange related to the classic human viruses as well as newly emerging viruses and their associated clinical disorders. Continually updating knowledge in a timely manner in this field where information related to the unceasing evolution of viruses is becoming available at a rapid pace is challenging. Thanks to the World-Wide-Web we are able to provide a podium for all authors and readers of WJV to address this challenge. I would like to acknowledge the Baishideng publisher, the members of the editorial board, and all contributing authors involved in this inaugural issue of the WJV. I sincerely hope all readers, i.e. future contributing authors, will like WJV and we look forward to your input in assisting WJV to grow and mature.     

广东养殖牡蛎的诺如病毒污染状况调查

目的了解广东省养殖牡蛎的诺如病毒污染状况,为防治诺如病毒引起的胃肠炎提供预警信息。方法采用横断面研究,在广东省牡蛎主产区采取分层随机抽样同时在采样时运用扇形布点法采集牡蛎,对牡蛎进行诺如病毒检测。结果共采集三个品种的牡蛎390份,平均污染率为10.00%。经对牡蛎诺如病毒检出情况进行比较分析,提示不同品种、夏季在不同地区(湛江、茂名、珠海、汕头)差异未见统计学意义(χ2=2.78,P=0.249;χ2=4.73,P=0.196),不同地区、秋季的不同地区(阳江、珠海、惠州、汕尾)差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.82,P=0.022;χ2=12.32,P=0.006)。结论广东省养殖牡蛎的诺如病毒污染率为10.00%,且以GⅡ型诺如病毒为主,与近年常见的毒株基因型一致,说明牡蛎是诺如病毒主要载体。秋季时养殖牡蛎的诺如病毒污染情况受地区分布的影响,尤其是受养殖牡蛎的地理环境、水文条件和周围村落分布的影响。