广东养殖牡蛎的诺如病毒污染状况调查

目的了解广东省养殖牡蛎的诺如病毒污染状况,为防治诺如病毒引起的胃肠炎提供预警信息。方法采用横断面研究,在广东省牡蛎主产区采取分层随机抽样同时在采样时运用扇形布点法采集牡蛎,对牡蛎进行诺如病毒检测。结果共采集三个品种的牡蛎390份,平均污染率为10.00%。经对牡蛎诺如病毒检出情况进行比较分析,提示不同品种、夏季在不同地区(湛江、茂名、珠海、汕头)差异未见统计学意义(χ2=2.78,P=0.249;χ2=4.73,P=0.196),不同地区、秋季的不同地区(阳江、珠海、惠州、汕尾)差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.82,P=0.022;χ2=12.32,P=0.006)。结论广东省养殖牡蛎的诺如病毒污染率为10.00%,且以GⅡ型诺如病毒为主,与近年常见的毒株基因型一致,说明牡蛎是诺如病毒主要载体。秋季时养殖牡蛎的诺如病毒污染情况受地区分布的影响,尤其是受养殖牡蛎的地理环境、水文条件和周围村落分布的影响。

Survey on norovirus contamination of oysters cultured in Guangdong Province

Objective To know the norovirus contamination of oysters cultured in Guangdong Province.To provide early warning information for preventing and controlling gastroenteritis induced by norovirus.Methods The survey was conducted by using the cross-sectional study method.Oysters in the main farms of Guangdong Province were collected using the stratified random sampling method and the method of sector placing.Results A total of 390 copies of oysters were collected.The average contamination rate was 10.00%.There were significant differences(χ2=14.82,P=0.022) between regions and norovirus in oysters.In fall,there were significant differences between regions(Yangjiang,Zhuhai,Huizhou and Shanwei)(χ2=12.32,P=0.006).However,there were not any differences between species,regions in summer and noroviruses in oysters(χ2=2.78,P=0.249;χ2=4.73,P=0.196).Conclusions The average norovirus contamination rate in Guangdong was 10.00%.Norovirus GⅡ was the main type,which was in common with the same genotype strain.It showed that oysters were the carriers of norovirus.In fall,the contamination rate of oysters from farm was affected by regional distribution.And it was fundamentally related to the culture geographical environment,hydrological conditions and surrounding villages’ distributions.