新职工心理压力与岗前培训反馈调查

目的:探讨新员工的心理压力情况和岗前培训内容需求之间的关系,并结合当前的培训反馈分析,从员工的心理健康角度出发,完善培训内容。方法:应用自编调查问卷,包括参训员工基本情况调查表、新职工心理现状调查问卷、新职工岗前培训反馈问卷对来自于新疆气象部门60名新职工进行测试。结果:66.67%的员工表示出对即将参加的工作感觉到有压力。男性员工压力水平显著高于女性员工(F=16.22,P0.05),民族、学历和籍贯对员工的压力水平评估均没有显著影响。来自于新工作、能力以及新环境的压力对员工的影响较大,分别有66.67%,61.67%和73.33%的员工对情绪、压力以及人际关系的心理话题较为感兴趣。培训内容的需求程度和有用程度对培训满意度有预测作用,即满意程度=(0.29)需求程度+(0.50)有用程度+1.84。员工压力水平和心理素质培训和专业素质方面的需求程度之间存在显著性相关(r=0.510,0.567;P0.05)。结论:新员工在上岗前存在一定的心理压力,尤其是男性员工。压力源主要来自于新环境、新工作和自身的能力方面。员工对岗前培训的满意度主要体现在其自身需求程度和有用程度上,而且尤为看重心理素质、行业要求和专业素质培训。后期岗前培训需要加入以情绪、压力和人际关系为主题的、更为深入的心理素质内容以缓解员工的压力水平,满足员工的培训需求。     

民国中西药学汇通代表作《汉药新觉》考略

郭若定《汉药新觉》为民国时期中西药学汇通的代表作,其上集曾被民国时期北平杂志《明日医药》连载,并刊有单行本.续集内容由其家属收藏,全书完整本于2010年由上海科学技术文献出版社出版,载药208种,以单味中药为主,并收部分复方药及西药.该书中西药学汇通思想,体现在3个方面：中西药物,兼收并蓄;衷中参西,继承创新;中西合参,旨在汇通.     

Empirical support for the reliability of DNA evidence interpretation in Australia and New Zealand

The results of empirical testing of forensic DNA probabilities for Australian and New Zealand populations is reported. It is concluded that if consideration is given to relatedness and subpopulation effects, the current model used in most of Australia and New Zealand appears to give very good predictions.     

Lack of effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination against pneumococcal carriage density in Papua New Guinean infants

BackgroundPapua New Guinea (PNG) introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2014, with administration at 1, 2, and 3 months of age. PCV13 has reduced or eliminated carriage of vaccine types in populations with low pneumococcal carriage prevalence, carriage density and serotype diversity. This study investigated PCV13 impact on serotype-specific pneumococcal carriage prevalence, density, and serotype diversity in PNG infants, who have some of the highest reported rates of pneumococcal carriage and disease in the world.MethodsNasopharyngeal swabs were collected at 1, 4 and 9 months of age from PCV13-vaccinated infants (n = 57) and age-/season-matched, unvaccinated infants (at approximately 1 month, n = 53; 4 months, n = 57; 9 months, n = 52). Serotype-specific pneumococcal carriage density and antimicrobial resistance genes were identified by qPCR and microarray.ResultsPneumococci were present in 89% of swabs, with 60 different serotypes and four non-encapsulated variants detected. Multiple serotype carriage was common (47% of swabs). Vaccine type carriage prevalence was similar between PCV13-vaccinated and unvaccinated infants at 4 and 9 months of age. The prevalence of non-vaccine type carriage was also similar between cohorts, with non-vaccine types present in three-quarters of samples (from both vaccinated and unvaccinated infants) by 4 months of age. The median pneumococcal carriage density was high and similar at each age group (~7.0 log₁₀ genome equivalents/mL). PCV13 had no effect on overall pneumococcal carriage density, vaccine type density, non-vaccine type density, or the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes.ConclusionPNG infants experience dense and diverse pneumococcal colonisation with concurrent serotypes from 1 month of age. PCV13 had no impact on pneumococcal carriage density, even for vaccine serotypes. The low prevalence of vaccine serotypes, high pneumococcal carriage density and abundance of non-vaccine serotypes likely contribute to the lack of PCV13 impact on carriage in PNG infants. Indirect effects of the infant PCV programs are likely to be limited in PNG. Alternative vaccines with broader coverage should be considered.     

Taken-for-granted assumptions about the clinical experience of newly graduated registered nurses from their pre-registration paid employment: A narrative inquiry

Paid employment within clinical setting, such as externships for undergraduate student, are used locally and globally to better prepare and retain new graduates for actual practice and facilitate their transition into becoming registered nurses. However, the influence of paid employment on the post-registration experience of such nurses remains unclear. Through the use of narrative inquiry, this study explores how the experience of pre-registration paid employment shapes the post-registration experience of newly graduated registered nurses. Repeated individual interviews were conducted with 18 new graduates, and focus group interviews were conducted with 11 preceptors and 10 stakeholders recruited from 8 public hospitals in Hong Kong. The data were subjected to narrative and paradigmatic analyses. Taken-for-granted assumptions about the knowledge and performance of graduates who worked in the same unit for their undergraduate paid work experience were uncovered. These assumptions affected the quantity and quality of support and time that other senior nurses provided to these graduates for their further development into competent nurses and patient advocates, which could have implications for patient safety. It is our hope that this narrative inquiry will heighten awareness of taken-for-granted assumptions, so as to help graduates transition to their new role and provide quality patient care.