未婚女性青少年流动人口生殖健康知识及需求调查

目的:了解未婚女性青少年流动人口的生殖健康知识、影响因素及生殖健康需求。方法:采用单纯随机抽样和非随机抽样相结合的方法,对青岛市3个区3个工厂的137名未婚女性青少年流动工人进行自填式问卷调查。结果:调查对象平均年龄为20.23岁。生殖健康知识分为五类,总评分为100.00分。女性青少年流动人口的总知识得分的中位数为24.50分。各项知识得分换算为百分制,其中避孕知识的得分为0.00分,怀孕与人工流产知识为10.00分,生殖道感染与艾滋病知识为41.67分,性健康知识为37.50分,妇科疾病知识为50.00分。五类知识得分差异具有统计学意义(χ2=221.642,P=0.000)。影响总知识得分的因素有年龄(OR=1.705)、月收入(OR=2.784)和文化程度(OR=2.677)。调查对象中36.50%有妇科疾病症状,有54.01%的人有月经异常。有妇科疾病症状者中仅有10.00%的人曾去看病,未看病的原因:42.22%的人认为"每个妇女都会有这些症状,没有什么关系",24.44%的人认为"我没有症状"。73.72%、90.51%、85.40%、76.64%的调查对象不知道计生服务中心发放宣教资料、发放避孕药具、诊断妇科疾病和开展健康教育服务。结论:未婚女性青少年流动人口的生殖健康知识水平较低,尤其是避孕知识。影响知识水平的因素有年龄、收入及文化水平。她们在妇科疾病、月经问题上有较大的需求,但缺乏主动求医意识且对目前计划生育服务中心的服务内容不了解。     

The moderating effect of the need to belong and classroom composition on belongingness seeking of minority adolescents

This study aimed to elucidate whether the interaction of classroom composition and the need to belong influences belongingness seeking and, if so, to investigate how upward comparison mediates the effects. The analyses were conducted with a cross-sectional sample of 383 Taiwanese aboriginal adolescents (39.7% male) recruited from schools with mixed-sex/ethnicity (n = 113), single-sex (n = 122), and minority-only (n = 148) classrooms. After controlling for socioeconomic status, the moderation analyses indicated that participants with a chronic need to belong in classes with diversity (mixed sex/ethnicity) perceived higher social acceptance, while those with a chronic need to belong in homogeneous classes (single-sex and minority-only) reported greater feelings of rejection. Upward comparison for differentiation was found to influence the indirect effects of the need to belong on feelings of rejection and depression in single-sex and minority-only classes. In particular, the mediating effect of upward comparison was stronger in minority-only classes.     

Unmet needs among men with human immunodeficiency virus in community mental health care: a cross-sectional study

While community-based mental health services play an important role in caring for persons with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and co-existing mental health disorders, the extent to which their support needs are addressed in this setting is unknown. Accordingly, we examined if HIV infection was associated with unmet support needs among men living with and without HIV receiving community mental health care. This cross-sectional study examined 215 men (135 living with HIV and 80 without HIV) receiving case management services in urban Ontario. Using the Camberwell Assessment of Need, we ascertained the prevalence of support needs in 13 domains grouped into three clusters: Basic needs (accommodation, food, benefits, and money management); self-care/functional needs (daytime activities, self-care, and looking after the home); and health/safety needs (physical, psychological distress, psychotic symptoms, safety to self, and safety to others). We used generalized estimating equations with a logit link to examine the association between HIV and unmet need in each domain. Compared to HIV-negative men, men with HIV were more likely to have mood and concurrent disorders, and intellectual and developmental disabilities. Following multivariable analyses, men with HIV had greater unmet needs related to food (odds ratio?+?95% confidence interval: 9.36 (4.03, 21.75), p?<?0.001); money (OR: 1.90 (1.04, 3.47), p?=?0.036) [basic need domains]; psychological distress (OR: 2.39 (1.68, 3.41), p?<?0.001); drug use (OR: 5.10 (2.16, 12.08) p?<?0.001); and safety to self (OR: 3.35 (1.51, 7.52), p?<?0.003) [health and safety domains]. Despite living in a setting with universal health insurance, men with HIV receiving community mental health support had greater unmet need in basic and health domains than HIV-negative men receiving such support. Further research is required to develop and evaluate interventions to best support community-dwelling persons with HIV and mental health disorders.     

Dental experiences related to oral care of children with autism spectrum disorders in Saudi Arabia: A literature review

The burden of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Saudi Arabia remains unclear with a dearth of literature, which focus on risk factors, prevalence, or interventions. This study is a review of the published literature related to dental experiences of children with ASD in Saudi Arabia. Twenty-two studies were included in this review, based on the predefined inclusion criteria which examined dental disease prevalence in children with ASD, identified the risk factors and the potential barriers to oral care. Results uncovered a lack of systematically published studies from Saudi Arabia which might have led to the limited development of effective oral health policies in the Kingdom. Identification of research gaps and potential intervention policies are needed to improve the oral health and quality of life of children with ASD in Saudi Arabia.     

安徽省卫生信息管理专业人才的需求与培养

分析了我国卫生信息化建设发展形势和安徽省卫生信息管理专业本科生培养现状,并从招生情况、课程设置和毕业生流向等方面提出了进一步加强卫生信息管理人才培养和为医疗卫生信息化建设专业人才建制设岗的建议。     

Weak association between socioeconomic Care Need Index and primary care visits per registered patient in three Swedish regions

ObjectiveThe objective was to examine the association between primary care consultations and a Care Need Index (CNI) used to compensate Swedish primary care practices for the extra workload associated with patients with low socioeconomic status.DesignObservational study combining graphical analysis with linear regressions of cross-sectional administrative practice-level data.SettingThree Swedish regions, Västra Götaland, Skåne and Östergötland (3.5 million residents). Outcomes were measured in February 2018 and the CNI was computed based on data for 31 December 2017.SubjectsThe unit of analysis was the primary care practice (n = 390).Main outcome measuresi) Number of GP visits per registered patient; ii) Number of nurse visits per registered patient; iii) Number of morbidity-weighted GP visits per registered patient; iv) Number of morbidity-weighted nurse visits per registered patient.ResultsThe linear associations between the CNI and GP visits per patient were positive and statistically significant (p<0.01) for both the unweighted and weighted measure in two regions, but the associations were mainly due to 10 practices with very high CNI values. The results for nurse visits varied across regions.ConclusionsFor most levels of the CNI, there was no association with the number of consultations provided. This result may indicate insufficient compensation, weak incentives to spend the money, decisions to spend the money on other things than consultations, or stronger competition for patients among low-CNI practices. The result of this observational study should not be taken as evidence against the possibility that the CNI adjustment of capitation may have affected the socioeconomic equity in GP and nurse visits.

Key Points

• Swedish primary care practices receive extra compensation for socioeconomically deprived patients but it is unknown how this affects service provision.
• Practice-level data from three regions years 2017-2018 indicate weak or no relation between the socioeconomic burden and the number of physical consultations per patient.
• Results are similar when adjusting for patients'' morbidity levels, suggesting that the weak gradient was not explained by longer consultations.
• The exception is that a small number of practices with very high burdens provide more consultations per patient.
• The results may reflect insufficient compensation, lack of incentives, or funds being spent on other things than consultations.

     

552名门诊患者的调查分析

目的 为了了解患者的需求，更好地实现以病人为中心，提高服务满意度。方法 随机抽取门诊患者552名进行患者选择就诊医院的影响因素和门诊患者的候诊需求等问卷调查。结果 影响患者选择就诊医院的主要因素有医疗技术水平、对医生的信任度等。患者希望得到和改进的候诊服务有健康知识宣传、随时通报就诊进展、专家医师的介绍，增设看病流程提示标识等。结论 提高医疗水平和医务人员整体素质、强化服务意识、规范医疗行为等是医院搞好以病人为中心服务的重要举措。     

深圳市市民用药认知及药品风险交流需求调查

目的 调查深圳市市民药品安全认知情况和风险交流需求,为开展相关工作提供科学依据。方法 通过全市642个社区的社工向居民派发2 204份自填式网络调查问卷,对数据进行加权处理,并采用Mann-Whitney U及Kruskal-Wallis H检验分析不同性别、年龄、学历和职业的居民的用药认知差异性。结果 回收有效问卷2 168份,有效回收率98.4%。91.4%的被调查者有在家中储存药物的习惯,47.0%的被调查者家中没有采取措施以防小孩子拿到药物,45.7%表示当身体状态开始变好时就会停止服药。药品安全认知得分为3.44±1.35（满分6分）,认知情况受性别、年龄、学历和职业的影响。52.4%的被调查者表示需要科普药品安全知识,多数被调查者希望科普信息主要来源于专业机构,并以微信、微博等方式传播。对于药品安全咨询服务,被调查者支付意愿均值为151.4元。结论 市民药品安全认知薄弱,有不良用药行为,应针对性开展风险交流活动。     

用户需求导向的高校图书馆数据素养教育研究

总结了高校图书馆数据素养教育研究现状,分析了高校图书馆用户对数据素养教育的不同需求,从专业馆员与专业教师合作、用户数据素养教育需求调研和分析、构建数据素养教育内容框架和多样化数据素养教育形式等方面提出了用户需求导向的高校图书馆数据素养教育策略。     

陕西省农村居民健康传播需求调查

目的了解卫生下乡活动中农村居民的基本健康需求,探求卫生科普宣传活动的有效方式和内容,为有效开展卫生健康知识传播活动提供依据。方法采用现场随机拦截调查的方法,对西安市阎良区关山镇参加卫生下乡活动的农村居民进行问卷调查。结果广大农村居民的健康知识需求排名依次为妇幼保健、科学饮食、慢性非传染病、用药知识和传染病;卫生宣传方式中,小册子、文艺表演、宣传画、年历画等受到欢迎。结论经常性地开展卫生科普宣传活动,针对农村常住居民中妇女、儿童和老人居多的现状和健康需求,选择图文并茂、浅显易懂、形式多样的卫生宣传方式,开展有针对性的健康知识传播。