肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统、内皮素、一氧化氮在肾血管性高血压和肾上腺腺瘤中的临床意义

目的 :探讨肾素 -血管紧张素 -醛固酮系统、内皮素、一氧化氮在肾血管性高血压病人、肾上腺腺瘤病人中的作用和意义。方法 :采用放射免疫分析的方法测量所收集的经临床验证的肾血管性高血压病人(30例 )、肾上腺腺瘤病人 (35例 )和正常人 (35例 )的血清中肾素 (PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ (AⅡ )、醛固酮 (ALD)、内皮素 (ET)的含量 ,用酶法测定上述人群中的一氧化氮合酶 (Nitricoxidesynthase ,NOS)的含量来表示NO的量。结果 :对照组肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮、内皮素、NOS分别为 (1 0 4± 0 90ng ml h ,71 0 6± 16 18pg ml,14 4 77±32 5 7pg ml,4 5 86± 2 0 85pg ml,32 2± 4 6 1U ml)。肾血管性高血压病人的血清中的肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮、内皮素的含量分别为 (7 5 3± 2 2 3ng ml h ,14 4 77± 6 8 4 5pg ml,2 6 1 0 7± 73 0 3pg ml,96 72± 31 36pg ml)高于正常人 ,p <0 0 1,NOS(2 8 8± 6 14U ml) ,低于正常人 ,差别显著。肾上腺腺瘤病人肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮、内皮素、NOS的含量分别为 (0 5 5± 0 4 7ng ml h ,5 1 85± 17 5 8pg ml,2 4 7 0 3± 84 0 3pg ml,81 83± 2 8 38pg ml,32 34± 9 0 2U ml) ;醛固酮、内皮素高于对照组 ,p <0 0 1,肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ小于对     

脑梗死患者进行治疗前后血浆Hcy、ET和NPY联检的临床意义

目的：探讨了脑梗死患者治疗前后血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、内皮素（ET）和神经肽Y（NPY）水平的变化。方法：应用ELISA测定39例脑梗死患者血浆Hcy和放免法测定ET和NPY水平，并与35名正常健康人作比较。结果：脑梗死患者在治疗前血浆Hcy、ET、NPY水平非常显著地高于正常人组（P〈0．01），治疗后3个月仍高于正常人组水平（P〈0．05）。结论：测定脑梗死患者血浆Hcy、ET、NPY水平对观察病情和预后判定具有重要的临床价值。     

急性脑梗死患者血浆NPY、CGRP及血清IGF-Ⅰ水平测定

目的:探讨脑梗死患者血浆NPY、CGRP及血清IGF-Ⅰ水平的变化及其临床意义.方法:随机选择了32例脑梗死患者,采用放射免疫分析分别测定了患者治疗前后的血浆NPY、CGRP及血清IGF-Ⅰ水平,并将组间的差异进行了统计学处理及分析.结果:32例脑梗死患者治疗前NPY水平较对照组升高极显著(P＜0.01),CGRP及IGF-Ⅰ水平则较对照组下降均非常显著(P均＜0.01);经治疗患者血浆NPY水平较治疗前已显著降低(P＜0.05),血浆CGRp及血清IGF-Ⅰ水平较治疗前则均明显上升(P均＜0.05).结论:脑梗死患者血浆NPY、CGRP及血清IGF-Ⅰ水平的变化与其发病关系密切,其测定对于了解患者的病情程度及制订治疗方案有重要临床价值.     

病毒性脑炎患儿治疗前后血清NSE、血浆NPY检测的临床意义

目的:探讨了病毒性脑炎患儿治疗前后血清NSE和血浆NPY水平的变化及意义.方法:应用放射免疫分析对32例病毒性脑炎患儿进行了血清NSE和血浆NPY水平测定,并以30例正常健康儿进行比较.结果:在治疗前病毒性脑炎患儿血清NSE和血浆NPY水平非常显著地高于正常儿水平(P＜0.01),经治疗一个月血清NSE和血浆NPY水平与正常儿比较仍有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:病毒性脑炎患儿血清NSE和血浆NPY水平的变化与病毒性脑炎的发病机理有密切的关系.     

Effects of centrally administered neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY13–36 on the brain monoaminergic systems of the rat

Summary The effects of centrally administered NPY on the brain monoamine systems were investigated in the rat. Neuropeptide Y (0.2–5.0 nmol), its C-terminal 13–36 amino acid (a.a.) fragment, NPY_13–36 (0.4–10.0 nmol), or saline were injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle of unrestrained rats. After l h the animals were decapitated, and the brains were taken out. Two cortical regions (frontal and parietal), the striatum, the hypothalamus, and the brain stem were dissected out. The tissue contents of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), as well as of their major metabolites, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethylené glycol (MHPG), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured. The most consistent finding was a dose-related increase of both DA and DOPAC levels after treatment with NPY. This effect was reproduced by NPY_13–36 in cortical tissue, whereas, in the sub-cortical regions, NPY_13–36 only reproduced the effects of NPY on the DOPAC levels. Less consistent effects were found on the NA systems, in which NA levels showed a tendency to increase following low, and decrease after high doses of NPY. These effects were largely reproduced by NPY_13–36. In addition, NPY increased tissue levels of MHPG in frontal cortical tissue in a dose-related manner. The brain 5-HT systems were not affected.     

四种调理脾胃药对大鼠胃肠激素影响的差异性研究

目的:探讨四种经典的调理脾胃方药对大鼠胃肠激素的影响。方法:SD大鼠,分别胃饲补中益气汤、大承气汤、归牌汤、温胆汤、双蒸水,用药15天后,放免法测大鼠小肠、血液中SS、SP、VIP、NPY的含量。结果:补中益气汤可显著升高小肠及血液SS的含量;大承气汤可显著升高小肠SS、降低小肠SP、降低小肠和血液VIP的含量;归脾汤可显著升高血液SS、降低小肠和血液SP、降低小肠VIP的含量。     

肥胖和肥胖抵抗大鼠神经肽Y及其受体基因表达的研究

目的:探讨高脂饲料对大鼠下丘脑神经肽Y(NPY)及其受体Y1、Y2、Y5基因表达的影响及大鼠肥胖易感性差异的机制。方法:36只雌性SD大鼠,按体重随机分为高脂组和对照组,分别给予高脂饲料和基础饲料13w。实验结束时,根据体重将高脂组分为饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)和肥胖抵抗(DIO-R)大鼠,观察各组大鼠体重、内脏脂肪湿重、脂体比、热能摄入量及能量利用率的差异;RT-PCR法测定下丘脑NPY及其受体Y1、Y2、Y5mRNA的表达水平。结果:DIO大鼠体重、内脏脂肪湿重、脂体比、热能摄入量及能量利用率显著高于对照组和DIO-R大鼠,而DIO-R大鼠与对照组相比未见显著性差异;DIO大鼠下丘脑NPY及其受体Y1、Y2、Y5mRNA的表达水平显著高于对照组和DIO-R大鼠,而DIO-R大鼠与对照组相比,除Y2受体mRNA的表达水平显著下降外,其余指标均无显著性差异。结论:高脂饲料诱导下,SD大鼠表现为明显的肥胖易感性差异,下丘脑NPY及其受体的高水平表达可能是导致DIO大鼠热能摄入过多的内在机制之一。     

Predictive value of combined analysis of pro‐NPY and ERG in localized prostate cancer

This study aimed to investigate if combined analysis of pro‐Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ERG expression in tumor tissue are associated with biochemical failure (BF), castration‐based treatment, castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and prostate cancer (PCa)‐specific death for men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for PCa. This study included 315 patients, who underwent RP from 2002 to 2005. Both pro‐NPY and ERG expression were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and were scored as low or high and negative or positive, respectively. Risk of BF, castration‐based treatment, CRPC, and PCa‐specific death were analyzed with multiple cause‐specific Cox regression analyses and stratified cumulative incidences using competing risk assessment. Median follow‐up was 13.0 years (95% CI: 12.7–13.2). In total, 85.7% were pro‐NPY high and 14.3% were pro‐NPY low. The combined analyses of pro‐NPY and ERG expression was not associated with risk of BF (p = 0.7), castration‐based treatment (p = 0.8), CRPC (p = 0.4) or PCa‐specific death (p = 0.5). In the multiple cause‐specific Cox regression analysis, pro‐NPY high and ERG positivity was not associated with BF (HR: 1.02; 95% CI 0.6–1.7; p = 0.94). In conclusion the combination of pro‐NPY and ERG expression did not show association with risk of BF, castration‐based treatment, CRPC, and PCa‐specific death following RP.     

用于老年基础医学研究与临床辅助诊断的神经肽Y及其受体Y1-6检测方法的初步设想

神经肽Y（NPY）作为机体内一种主要的神经递质和能量调控因子，广泛参与机体各种生理功能的调节，是维持机体内环境稳态的重要物质之一。随着对其研究的不断深入，人们发现它可通过与特定靶细胞膜上不同NPY受体Y1-6的特异性结合而启动并激活相应细胞信号传导通路，从而参与对机体生理功能和靶细胞增殖分化的调控，且NPY及其受体在体内的表达水平又可影响机体的正常生理功能、细胞代谢活动、以及这种改变所诱导或促进或参与的某些老年性疾病的发生、发展及转归，并对相关药物的防治带来明显影响。因此，对NPY及其受体含量的检测项目已成为相关老年性疾病与合并症的发病机制分析、疾病进程观察、治疗效果评价、疾病痊愈判断及预后跟踪随访的重要辅助诊断指标之一。为此，本文通过对可用于老年基础医学研究与临床辅助诊断的NPY及其受体检测的酶联免疫吸附法、放射免疫测定法、荧光免疫检测法、化学发光免疫分析法、免疫组织化学法、压电石英晶片免疫传感器法、免疫印迹法、斑点免疫层析及胶体金法、受体放射配基结合分析法、放射自显影法、液体芯片技术、微粒子酶免分析法等进行NPY及其受体检测方法的综述，并提出前瞻性设想和设计，希望这些用于检测NPY及其受体指标的方法能为未来老年医学的研究和临床应用奠定基础。     

Alcohol withdrawal increases neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in rat brain

BACKGROUND: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely expressed in the brain and is known to affect consummatory behaviors including drinking alcohol as well as to play a role in seizures. We investigated the effects of a 4 day binge ethanol treatment model that is known to induce physical dependence and withdrawal seizures to determine the effects of ethanol dependence and withdrawal on NPY expression. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with ethanol or control nutritionally complete diets by intragastric treatment three times per day for 2 or 4 days with an average daily dose of approximately 8 g/kg ethanol per day. Ethanol-fed rats treated for 4 days and then withdrawn for 24, 72, and 168 hr also were studied. Brains were perfused and sectioned for immunohistochemistry for NPY, phospho-cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding (pCREB), and other proteins. RESULTS: NPY immunoreactivity (NPY-IR) was found in several brain regions, with the hippocampus and cerebral cortex showing the most pronounced changes. NPY-IR was reduced by ethanol treatment in hippocampus and cortex, although at 72 hr of withdrawal there was a dramatic increase in NPY-IR in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in CA3 and CA2 fields of hippocampus. Ethanol withdrawal seizures occurred around 12 to 24 hr of withdrawal, preceding the changes in NPY-IR at 72 hr. pCREB immunoreactivity (pCREB-IR) tended to decrease during ethanol treatment but showed a dramatic increase in dentate gyrus at 72 hr of withdrawal. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity indicated that some of the pCREB-IR and NPY-IR were within inhibitory interneuron basket cells of the hippocampal hilus. NPY-IR returned to control levels by 168 hr of withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that hippocampal NPY is reduced during the development of ethanol dependence. Ethanol withdrawal seizures precede a dramatic increase in hippocampal NPY-IR. Previous studies have suggested that NPY in the hippocampus reduces seizure activity and that NPY is induced by seizure activity. Thus, the increase in NPY-IR at 72 hr of withdrawal after binge ethanol treatment may be protective against prolonged withdrawal seizure activity.