肺癌早期诊断方法的研究进展

目的 肺癌是全球发病率及死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤，患者5年生存率仍低于20%，提高早期诊断及筛查至关重要，本文对肺癌早期诊断方法进行文献综述。方法 检索PubMed、知网、万方、维普等数据库，选择与肺癌筛查相关的文献，进一步选择如CT、核磁共振、MiRNA、自身抗体等文献，提炼其相关结果结论。结果 肺癌早期诊断方法较多，每一种诊断方法均有其优缺点。结论 目前尚无任何一种技术被证实能独立完成早期肺癌的筛查，需要将目前早期诊断技术加以优化组合，以提高早期肺癌的诊断率。     

Comparison of the practicability of ultrasound and spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of colon cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a clear diagnosis is particularly important for the treatment of colon cancer. Ultrasound and spiral computed tomography (CT) can both be used in the diagnosis, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages, which could cause confusion in clinical choice. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the practicability of spiral CT and ultrasound in the diagnosis of colon cancer.Methods:A systematic search was performed by retrieving on English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu [VIP], CBM). Besides, manually search for Google and Baidu academic of diagnostic experimental study of ultrasound and spiral CT in the diagnosis of Colon Cancer. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to October 2020. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated the quality of the data in the included study. A meta-analysis was performed using Meta Disc1.4 and RevMan5.3 software.Results:Sensitivity, specificity, positive Likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were used to determine the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography and helical CT in colorectal cancer.Conclusions:This study will compare the practicability of CT and ultrasound in the diagnosis of colon cancer and provide reliable evidence-based basis for clinicians to choose the appropriate or best evidence-based basis.Ethics and dissemination:The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.OSF Registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WAJHQ     

A case of Klebsiella pneumoniae spondylitis and bacteremia potentially due to inflammation around a fecalith

We herein report a case of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) spondylitis and bacteremia in a 90-year-old man with diabetes mellitus who had undergone sigmoidectomy and had a fecalith. Two months prior to admission, he had received antimicrobial treatment for 2 weeks for K. pneumoniae bacteremia whose entry was unclear and he was readmitted to our hospital owing to fever and stomachache. K. pneumoniae was isolated from two sets of blood cultures, and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed inflammation and destruction of the 8th and 9th thoracic vertebra. The diagnosis was spondylodiscitis secondary to K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Although the entry point for K. pneumoniae was unclear, we suggest that inflammation of the mucosa around the fecalith might have caused the Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia.     

Current status and challenges of Additive manufacturing in orthopaedics: An overview

Additive manufacturing is a rapidly emerging technology which is being successfully implemented in the various field of medicine as well as in orthopaedics, where it has applications in reducing cartilage defects and treatments of bones. The technology helps through systematic collection of information about the shape of the "defects" and precise fabrication of complex 3D constructs such as cartilage, heart valve, trachea, myocardial bone tissue and blood vessels. In this paper, a large number of the relevant research papers on the additive manufacturing and its application in medical specifically orthopaedics are identified through Scopus had been studied using Bibliometric analysis and application analysis is undertaken. The bibliometric analysis shows that there is an increasing trend in the research reports on additive manufacturing applications in the field of orthopaedics. Discussions are on using technological advancement like scanning techniques and various challenges of the orthopaedic being met by additive manufacturing technology. For patient-specific orthopaedic applications, these techniques incorporate clinical practice and use for effective planning. 3D printed models printed by this technology are accepted for orthopaedic surgery such as revision of lumbar discectomy, pelvic surgery and large scapular osteochondroma. The applications of additive manufacturing in orthopaedics will experience a rapid translation in future. An orthopaedic surgeon can convert need/idea into a reality by using computer-aided design (CAD) software, analysis software to facilitate the manufacturing. Thus, AM provides a comprehensive opportunity to manufacture orthopaedic implantable medical devices.     

帕金森病CT表现及微电极导向脑内核团毁损术后CT影像分析

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)的CT表现及微电极导向脑内核团毁损术后CT影像特点。资料与方法(1)对240例PD患者术前CT影像进行回顾性分析。(2)30例PD患者在术后3~12个月(平均6·5个月)CT扫描,观测脑内核团毁损灶33个(其中3例患者为双侧手术):右苍白球腹后内侧核(Gpi)毁损灶14个、左Gpi核毁损灶6个,右丘脑腹外侧核(Vim)毁损灶2个、左Vim核毁损灶11个,对毁损灶最大层面积、术侧CT值(任意值)、健侧对应点CT值(标准值)测量,并算出毁损灶与健侧CT值的差值。结果(1)PD的CT表现主要为中央型弥漫性脑萎缩,以脑室系统扩大为主,轻度脑萎缩46.67%(112/240),中度脑萎缩40%(96/240),重度脑萎缩3.33%(8/240),正常10%(24/240)。(2)33个毁损靶灶之圆形占27·27%(9/33);类圆形占60·61%(20/33);片状不规则形占12·12%(4/33)。毁损灶的面积Gpi核平均(28·01±2.15)mm2,Vim核平均为(14.03±1.24)mm2,两者对比有显著性差异(P<0.01);毁损灶Gpi核CT值较健侧平均下降(11.80±0.87)HU,Vim核CT值较健侧平均下降(10.80±1.28)HU,两者亦有差异性(P<0·05)。结论PD患者术前CT扫描对掌握手术适应证较重要,重度脑萎缩患者提示不宜做外科手术治疗。术后CT扫描观察毁损灶之形态、面积、密度变化等影像学改变,有利于对手术疗效、并发症等评估提供一定证据。     

肺癌胸膜早期种植转移:螺旋CT与手术病理对照研究

目的:评价CT诊断肺癌胸膜早期种植转移的价值,并分析漏诊原因。方法:回顾性分析43例经手术病理确诊肺癌胸膜种植转移的CT、手术病理资料,作对照研究。结果:43例中,术前CT仅诊断8例,其中Ⅲ级5例,Ⅱ级3例,诊断符合率19%(8/43),CT实际显示胸膜转移结节28例,其中Ⅰ级10例、Ⅱ级13例,Ⅲ级5例,未显示Ⅰ级15例,CT检出率为65%(28/43)。28例中,术前CT漏诊Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级各10例,漏诊率71%(20/28)。20例中,CT漏诊叶间胸膜、肺表面脏层胸膜、纵隔胸膜、肋胸膜、膈胸膜转移,漏诊率分别为0%、33%、36%、43%、80%。结论:CT能准确检出、诊断肺癌中晚期胸膜转移,但检出胸膜早期微小病灶有明显局限性,在CT诊断中,忽视对膈胸膜、肋胸膜、肺表面脏胸膜上Ⅰ、Ⅱ级较早转移灶的观察,是导致漏诊的原因之一。     

螺旋CT导引下肺部肿瘤射频热消融治疗的应用研究

目的 通过对肺肿瘤射频热消融（RFA）治疗效果的观察，评价其技术特点、安全性和疗效。方法 30例肺肿瘤患者共46个肿瘤接受了RFA治疗（其中肺部原发性肿瘤20例，转移瘤10例），在CT引导下将消融电极刺入到距肿瘤边缘组织1cm处，根据病灶大小，将子针打开至合适直径，达到靶温度后，持续7～15min。对患者进行1～9个月的随访，通过胸部X线片和增强螺旋CT观察治疗效果。结果 30例患者46个肿瘤，共做消融灶123个，治疗区域坏死率为100％。（1）随访1个月30例，46个肿瘤瘤体完全消融41个，占89.13％；部分消融5个，占10.87％。（2）随访3～9个月26例，40个肿瘤病灶完全缓解（CR）33个，部分缓解（PR）4个，无变化（NC）2个，进展（PD）1个，总有效率达925％（37／40）。结论 RFA治疗肺部肿瘤疗效肯定、安全，是1种应用前景较好的方法。     

CT引导下胶原酶注射颈椎间盘溶解术的临床研究

目的:研究CT引导下胶原酶注射颈椎间盘溶解术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的价值。方法:对15例颈椎间盘突出症患者在CT引导下行胶原酶注射颈椎间盘溶解术。结果:15例均成功,随访1~16个月,优良率93.3%,未见并发症发生。结论:CT引导下行胶原酶注射颈椎间盘溶解术治疗颈椎间盘突出症安全有效,值得进一步研究。     

增强CT评价肝细胞癌凋亡相关蛋白表达的价值探讨

目的:探讨增强CT评价肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中凋亡相关蛋白fas,bax,bc1-2表达的价值。方法:对38例共40个经病理证实且行动、静脉双期CT增强扫描的HCC病灶进行分析,用免疫组化SP法检测癌组织中第Ⅷ因子相关抗原(FactorⅧrelated antigen,FⅧRA),fas,bax,bc1-2和bc1-x1的表达情况,并结合其病理分级将CT增强表现特征与免疫组化的结果进行对照分析。结果:fas,bax,bc1-2和bc1-x1的阳性表达率分别为20%(8/40)、25%(10/40)、27.5%(11/40)和50%(20/40),bax和bc1-2,以及bc1-2和bc1-x1之间分别具有一定的相关性(P<0.05)。bc1-x1的表达与CT显示的病灶大小、以及病理分级具有一定的关系(P<0.05),病理分级与CT显示的边界类型以及瘤内的液化坏死有关(P<0.05)。结论:fas,bax,bc1-2和bc1-x1等蛋白在HCC组织中呈现不同程度的表达,通过CT反映调亡相关蛋白表达的价值有限。