Semantic transparency and masked morphological priming: an ERP investigation

The role of semantics in the segmentation of morphologically complex words was examined using event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded to target words primed by semantically transparent (hunter-hunt,) opaque (corner-corn), and orthographically related (scandal-scan) masked primes. Behavioral data showed that only transparent items gave rise to priming. The ERP data showed both N250 and the N400 effects with transparent items generating greater priming than orthographic or opaque. Furthermore, priming effects across conditions revealed the existence of a significant linear trend, with transparent items showing the greatest effects and orthographic items the smallest, suggesting that these priming effects vary as a function of morphological structure and semantic transparency. The results are discussed in terms of a model of morphological processing.     

Cyclin D1 and t(11;14)-positive B-cell neoplasms resembling marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: a morphological variant of mantle cell lymphoma

We describe 3 unusual B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in which the entire tumors histologically mimicked marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. All patients were male (mean age, 65 years). Excisional biopsy from lymph node (2 of 3) and parotid gland (1 of 3) showed proliferation of monocytoid B-cells with plasmacytoid features (2 of 3) and conspicuous absence of large lymphoma cells (3 of 3). By immunohistochemistry, cyclin D1 was positive (3 of 3), CD23 was negative (3 of 3), and aberrant expression of CD5/CD43 was present in 1 case. Ki67 labeling was greater than 50% in 1 case and 10% to 25% in the other 2 cases. Evidence of the t(11;14) was detectable in all by molecular techniques. One patient died within 15 months, and the other 2 patients had widely disseminated diseases at the last follow-up (8 months). Based on these features, we believed that the best classification for these lesions is the marginal zone B-cell lymphoma-like mantle cell lymphoma.     

Penta-block copolymer microspheres: Impact of polymer characteristics and process parameters on protein release

Here, we aimed to develop protein loaded microspheres (MSs) using penta-block PLGA-based copolymers to obtain sustained and complete protein release. We varied MS morphology and studied the control of protein release. Lysozyme was used as a model protein and MSs were prepared using the solid-in-oil-in-water emulsion solvent extraction method. We synthesized and studied various penta-block PLGA-based copolymers. Copolymer characteristics (LA/GA ratio and molecular weight of PLGA blocks) influenced MS morphology. MS porosity was influenced by process parameters (such as solvent type, polymer concentration, emulsifying speed), whereas the aqueous volume for extraction and stabilizer did not have a significant effect. MSs of the same size, but different morphologies, exhibited different protein release behavior, with porous structures being essential for the continuous and complete release of encapsulated protein. These findings suggest strategies to engineer the morphology of MSs produced from PLGA-based multi-block copolymers to achieve appropriate release rates for a protein delivery system.     

术中导航校准技术辅助下青少年特发性脊柱侧凸顶椎区置钉精确性研究

【摘要】 目的：比较青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）顶椎区相同椎弓根类型在导航及导航校准技术辅助下置钉的精确性及偏出方向,并分析影响导航置钉偏移的相关因素及导航校准技术的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析自2017年10月～2020年10月,在我院明确诊断为AIS并在导航辅助下行经后路脊柱侧凸矫形内固定术治疗的41例患者,依据术中是否使用导航校准技术,将41例患者分为两组：导航组（n=22）和校准组（n=19）。收集两组患者基本信息,记录两组患者Risser征,术前、术后Cobb角,术后1年时矫形率,根据付长峰椎弓根分型系统对两组患者顶椎区椎弓根分型（A、B、C、D、E型）,依据Rao分型评估两组相同椎弓根类型的置钉精确性。结果：校准组A、B、C型椎弓根优良置钉率（96.4%、87.8%、84.0%）显著高于导航组（79.2%、70.5%、56.7%）,且凹凸双侧0级钉率显著高于导航组,同时校准组B型椎弓根及其凹凸双侧3级钉率（4.1%、2.0%、6.3%）及C型椎弓根凸侧2级钉置钉率（11.1%）显著低于导航组（12.4%、11.1%、13.7%、50.0%）,两组间差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。此外,校准组A、B、C型椎弓根外侧皮质破壁率（33.3%、33.3%、60.0%）显著低于导航组（64.0%、38.6%、73.1%）,同时校准组A型椎弓根椎体前壁穿破率（0.0%）及C型椎弓根凹侧外侧皮质破壁率（66.7%）显著低于导航组（24.0%、77.8%）,而B型椎弓根内侧皮质穿破率（41.7%）高于导航组（40.9%）,但其凹侧内侧皮质穿破率（36.4%）显著低于导航组（33.3%）,两组间差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组间均未发生脊髓、神经血管损伤等严重并发症。结论：与传统导航相比,导航校准技术在术中能够有效地预防导航偏移,显著提高AIS顶椎区A、B、C型椎弓根置钉精确性,降低误置螺钉外侧壁穿孔率及B型椎弓根凹侧内侧壁穿孔率,提高手术的安全性。     

Genotoxicity evaluation of nanosized titanium dioxide,synthetic amorphous silica and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in human lymphocytes

Toxicological characterization of manufactured nanomaterials (NMs) is essential for safety assessment, while keeping pace with innovation from their development and application in consumer products. The specific physicochemical properties of NMs, including size and morphology, might influence their toxicity and have impact on human health. The present work aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO₂), synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), in human lymphocytes. The morphology and size of those NMs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, while the hydrodynamic particle size-distributions were determined by dynamic light scattering. Using a standardized procedure to ensure the dispersion of the NMs and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (without metabolic activation), we observed significant increases in the frequencies of micronucleated binucleated cells (MNBCs) for some TiO₂ NMs and for two MWCNTs, although no clear dose–response relationships could be disclosed. In contrast, all forms of SAS analyzed in this study were unable to induce micronuclei. The present findings increase the weight of evidence towards a genotoxic effect of some forms of TiO₂ and some MWCNTs. Regarding safety assessment, the differential genotoxicity observed for closely related NMs highlights the importance of investigating the toxic potential of each NM individually, instead of assuming a common mechanism and equal genotoxic effects for a set of similar NMs.     

蚊科系统发育关系重建研究进展

该文综述了依据形态和分子特征重建蚊科各阶元系统发育关系的研究现状,并分析了该领域研究存在的问题以及未来研究的方向.以形态特征为依据的系统发育关系重建,仅在蚊科部分类群中有探讨,按蚊亚科研究较多.以分子特征为依据的研究,尚在起步阶段.应用系统基因组学重建蚊科系统发育关系应是未来研究的方向.     

氟化钠对原代培养大鼠甲状腺细胞形态学的影响

目的 观察不同染氟(氟化钠)剂量对体外培养原代SD大鼠甲状腺细胞形态学的影响,为探讨氟引起甲状腺组织损伤提供理论依据.方法 采用原代细胞培养方法,体外培养SD大鼠甲状腺细胞,96 h后收集对数生长期的细胞,将细胞密度调整约5.0×108个/L;取5 ml(约 2.5×106个细胞)加入到6孔培养板中,培养12h,按不同染氟剂量分为0(对照)、10、100、1000 μmol/L组,每组设6个重复样.相差显微镜下观察甲状腺细胞的形态变化.48 h后收集细胞,扫描电镜下进行甲状腺形态学观察和分析.结果 相差显微镜下,对照组甲状腺细胞透明度良好.聚集成群,贴壁良好,细胞存活率在90%以上;染氟组甲状腺细胞有大量悬浮,透明度差,细胞存活率约55%.扫描电镜下,可见对照组甲状腺细胞胞膜完整,细胞之间嵌合紧密,界限清晰,分裂良好;10、100μmol/L组甲状腺细胞明显皱缩和变形;1000μmo/L组甲状腺细胞胞膜不完整,集结在一起生长的细胞间界限不明显,有的细胞发生明显皱缩,有的细胞则完全破碎.结论 氟影响甲状腺细胞的生长和发育,使细胞的形态发生改变,损伤程度与剂量有关.     

新疆北部骆驼源细粒棘球绦虫成虫扫描电镜观察

从新疆北部地区感染囊型包虫病的骆驼肝，肺包囊中收取细粒棘球蚴原头节，实验感染家犬后，分别于第３５天和第４５天收集成虫进行扫描电镜观察。骆驼源细粒棘球绦虫成虫的外部形态特点；整个虫体表面被覆着微毛，与其他来源的成虫相比其微毛相对浓密柔细，成熟体节的生殖孔有两种不同的形态；有雄茎伸出的生殖孔凹陷不明显，孔周区没有感觉乳头出现，在雄茎表面密布丝状微绒毛，没有雄茎伸出的生殖孔凹陷明显，孔周区有许多大小不等     

前列腺基底细胞增生的形态学观察

目的 认识前列腺基底细胞增生形态学的多样化，提高前列腺病变的诊断与鉴别诊断水平。方法 回顾1998年至2001年华东医院病理科20例前列腺基底细胞增生病例，描述其形态学特征并与高级别上皮内瘤、前列腺感比较，同时作基底细胞特异性标记34βEl2、及PSA、PAP免疫组化染色。结果 4例形成界限清楚的结节，16例呈散在分布。结构上可呈实心巢状、腺状、鳞化、筛状，往往混合存在。另见腔内伊红色分泌物(3例)、微蓝色粘液(4例)、显著核仁(5例)、少量分裂相(2例)。未见腔内类结晶体、嗜双色胞质、核增大、染色质增加。34βEl2显示连续而多层的强阳性。PSA、PAP染色阴性。结论 基底细胞增生的某些形态与高级别上皮内瘤、前列腺癌相似而需鉴别诊断，34βEl2有重要的辅助诊断价值。     

Cytogenetic and morphologic approaches of hybrids from experimental crosses between Triatoma lenti Sherlock & Serafim, 1967 and T. sherlocki Papa et al., 2002 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

The reproductive capacity between Triatoma lenti and Triatoma sherlocki was observed in order to verify the fertility and viability of the offspring. Cytogenetic, morphological and morphometric approaches were used to analyze the differences that were inherited. Experimental crosses were performed in both directions. The fertility rate of the eggs in crosses involving T. sherlocki females was 65% and 90% in F1 and F2 offspring, respectively. In reciprocal crosses, it was 7% and 25% in F1 and F2 offspring, respectively. The cytogenetic analyses of the male meiotic process of the hybrids were performed using lacto-acetic orcein, C-banding and Feulgen techniques. The male F1 offspring presented normal chromosome behavior, a finding that was similar to those reported in parental species. However, cytogenetic analysis of F2 offspring showed errors in chromosome pairing. This post-zygotic isolation, which prevents hybrids in nature, may represent the collapse of the hybrid. This phenomenon is due to a genetic dysregulation that occurs in the chromosomes of F1. The results were similar in the hybrids from both crosses. Morphological features, such as color and size of connexive and the presence of red–orange rings on the femora, were similar to T. sherlocki, while wins size was similar to T. lenti in F1 offspring. The eggshells showed characteristics that were similar to species of origin, whereas the median process of the pygophore resulted in intermediate characteristics in the F1 and a segregating pattern in F2 offspring. Geometric morphometric techniques used on the wings showed that both F1 and F2 offspring were similar to T. lenti. These studies on the reproductive capacity between T. lenti and T. sherlocki confirm that both species are evolutionarily closed; hence, they are included in the brasiliensis subcomplex. The extremely reduced fertility observed in the F2 hybrids confirmed the specific status of the species that were analyzed.