Systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences in outcomes after endovascular aneurysm repair for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm

ObjectiveWomen face distinctive challenges when they receive endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) treatment, and according to the previous studies, sex differences in outcomes after EVAR for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the short-term and long-term outcomes between women and men after EVAR for infrarenal AAA.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of all available studies reporting sex differences after EVAR for infrarenal AAA, which were retrieved from the MEDICINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database. The pooled results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) for dichotomous data and hazard ratios for time-to-event data using a random effect model.ResultsThirty-six cohorts were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that women were associated with a significantly increased risk of 30-day mortality (crude OR, 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-1.87; P < .001; adjusted OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.32-2.26; P < .001), in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.43-2.53; P < .001), limb ischemia (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.73-2.43; P < .001), renal complications (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.12-2.67; P = .028), cardiac complications (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.01-2.80; P = .046), and long-term all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.38; P = .001) compared with men; however, no significant sex difference was observed for visceral/mesenteric ischemia (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.91-2.88; P = .098), 30-day reinterventions (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.95-1.98; P = .095), late endoleaks (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.88-1.56; P = .264), and late reinterventions (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.78-1.41; P = .741). In the intact AAA subgroup, women had a significantly increased risk of visceral/mesenteric ischemia (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.01-3.39; P = .046) and an equivalent risk of cardiac complications (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 0.85-3.17; P = .138) compared with men.ConclusionsCompared with male sex, female sex is associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality, in-hospital mortality, limb ischemia, renal complications, cardiac complications, and long-term all-cause mortality after EVAR for infrarenal AAA. Women should be enrolled in a strict and regular long-term surveillance after EVAR.     

HEPATECTOMY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON EXPANSION OF THE INDICATIONS

Background

Hepatic resection has evolved to become safer, thereby making it possible to expand the indications.

Aim

To assess the results from a group of patients presenting these expanded indications.

Method

Were prospectively studied all the hepatectomy procedures performed for hepatic tumor resection. Patients with benign and malignant primary and secondary tumors were included. Were included variables such as age, gender, preoperative diagnosis, preoperative treatment, type of operation performed, need for transfusion, final anatomopathological examination and postoperative evolution. The patients were divided into two groups: group A, with a traditional indication for hepatectomy; and group B, with an expanded indication (tumors in both hepatic lobes, extensive resection encompassing five or more segments, cirrhotic livers and postoperative chemotherapy using hepatotoxic drugs).

Results

Were operated 38 patients, and 40 hepatectomies were performed: 28 patients in group A and 10 in group B. The mean age was 57.7 years, and 25 patients were women. Three in group B were operated as two separate procedures. Groups A and B received means of 1.46 and 5.5 packed red blood cell units per operation, respectively. There were three cases with complications in group A (10.7%) and six in group B (60%). The mortality rate in group A was 3.5% (one patient) and in groups B, 40% (four patients). The imaging examinations were sensitive for the presence of tumors but not for defining the type of tumor. The blood and derivative transfusion rates, morbidity and mortality were greater in the group with expanded indications and more extensive surgery.

Conclusion

The indications for liver biopsy and portal vein embolization or ligature can be expanded, with special need of cooperation of the anesthesiology department and the use of hepatic resection devices to diminish blood transfusion.     

Cardiogenic shock in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: Another area of sex disparity?

Cardiogenic shock in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) carries significant morbidity and mortality, despite advances in pharmacological, mechanical and reperfusion therapies. Studies suggest that there is evidence of sex disparities in the risk profile, management, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock complicating AMI. Compared with men, women tend to have more comorbidities, greater variability in symptom presentation and are less likely to receive timely revascularization and mechanical circulatory support. These factors might explain why women tend to have worse outcomes. In this review, we highlight sex-based differences in the prevalence, management, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock due to AMI, and discuss potential ways to mitigate them.     

2012年南通市居民恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况

目的探讨南通市恶性肿瘤的流行特征,并对该地区肿瘤登记工作质量作以简要评估。方法收集南通市恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡数据,采用Canreg4软件录人,通过Excel和SPSS软件进行整理,分析该地区恶性肿瘤的发病率、死亡率,标化发病（死亡）率、年龄别发病率（死亡率）等指标。对死亡／发病比（M／I）、病理组织学诊断所占比例（MV％）、只有死亡医学证明书比例（DCO％）、未指明部位和原发部位不明的恶性肿瘤新发病例所占的百分比（O＆U％）进行评估。结果2012年南通市恶性肿瘤发病为23736人,死亡为17464人,恶性肿瘤发病率为312．84／10万,恶性肿瘤死亡率为234．00／10万,经年龄构成调整后,发病的中标率为167．03／10万,死亡的中标率为113．38／10万。前6位高发恶性肿瘤分别为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、结／直肠癌、乳腺癌。肺癌在男性和女性中均居发病率的首位,全人口发病率为60．66／10万。前6位高死亡率的恶性肿瘤分别为肺癌、肝癌、食管癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌。肿瘤登记工作质量指标,M／I为0．74、MV％为54．86％、DCO％为0．41％、0＆u％为3．70％。结论恶性肿瘤是南通市居民的第1位死因,肺癌居恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率之首,消化系统肿瘤占比例最高。南通市肿瘤登记数据基本反映了全市恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡情况,但仍需完善。     

上海市某社区居民恶性肿瘤发病及生存率分析

目的了解上海市江桥社区恶性肿瘤发病、变化趋势及死亡情况,为进一步开展社区肿瘤综合防治提供依据。方法利用江桥社区1998—2007年恶性肿瘤登记报告系统中的病例资料,分析发病率、死亡率和生存率。结果江桥社区1998—2007年新发病例1430例,死亡833例。1998年发病率最低,为60．24／10万,2005年最高,为424．06／10万,男性发病率高于女性。男性死亡率最高的肿瘤是肺癌,为103．67／10万,女性死亡率最高的肿瘤是胃癌和肝癌,为41．56／10万,男性恶性肿瘤死亡率高于女性。结论恶性肿瘤是江桥社区居民继心血管疾病后的第2位主要死因。肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、肝癌、大肠癌、食管癌是严重危害社区居民健康的最主要的恶性肿瘤,是当前社区防控重点。     

2010年广州市海珠区15岁及以上居民糖尿病流行特征及危险因素分析

目的了解广州市海珠区15岁及以上居民糖尿病流行特征及其危险因素,为制定科学防控措施提供依据。方法应用多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取15岁及以上常住户口居民共40 053人,血糖检测6 319人,通过入户询问和体检相结合的方法进行调查,运用logistic回归模型分析糖尿病危险因素。结果糖尿病粗患病率为10.71%（标化患病率为7.22%）,男性粗患病率为12.21%（标化患病率为8.03%）,女性粗患病率为9.62%（标化患病率为6.71%）,男性和女性患病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。单因素分析结果表明,性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、婚姻状况、体质指数、高血压、糖尿病家族史、中心性肥胖、高血脂是糖尿病患病的影响因素。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄、单纯性肥胖、中心性肥胖、血脂异常和高血压是糖尿病的危险因素。结论广州市海珠区15岁及以上居民糖尿病患病率随着时间推移继续快速上升,应加强健康教育,推动健康生活方式,注意饮食,控制肥胖、血脂异常和预防高血压,提高自我管理能力,实施社区卫生服务中心系统管理等措施,以预防和控制糖尿病的发生。     

Obesity does not increase morbidity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background

Obesity has historically been a positive predictor of surgical morbidity, especially in the morbidly obese. The purpose of our study was to compare outcomes of obese patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Methods

We reviewed 1382 consecutive patients retrospectively who underwent LC for various pathologies from January 2008 to August 2011. Patients were stratified based on the World Health Organization definitions of obesity: nonobese (body mass index [BMI] < 30 kg/m²), obesity class I (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m²), obesity class II (BMI 35–39.9 kg/m²), and obesity class III (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²). The primary end points were conversion rates and surgical morbidity. The secondary end point was length of stay.

Results

There were significantly more females in the obesity II and III groups (P = 0.0002). American Society of Anesthesiologists scores were significantly higher in the obesity I, II, and III groups compared with the nonobese (P < 0.05; P < 0.01; and P < 0.0001, respectively). Independent predictors of conversion on multivariate analysis (MVA) included age (P = 0.01), acute cholecystitis (P = 0.03), operative time (P < 0.0001), blood loss (P < 0.0001), and fellowship-trained surgeons (P < 0.0001). Independent predictors of intraoperative complications on MVA included age (P = 0.009), white patients (P = 0.009), previous surgery (P = 0.001), operative time (P < 0.0001), and blood loss (P = 0.01). Independent predictors of postoperative complications on MVA included American Society of Anesthesiologists score (P < 0.0001), acute cholecystitis (P < 0.0001), and a postoperative complication (P < 0.0001). BMI was not a predictor of conversions or surgical morbidity. Length of stay was not significantly different between the four groups.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that overall conversion rates and surgical morbidity are relatively low following LC, even in obese and morbidly obese patients.     

不同主动脉断端加固方法在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术中的应用

目的总结不同主动脉断端加固方法在主动脉夹层手术中的应用及其效果。方法2012年1月至2013年5月,共有95例主动脉夹层在南京医科大学附属南京医院接受手术治疗。根据主动脉断端的加固方法不同,将其中72例患者（23例Bentall手术患者未纳入本研究）分为3组,A组：23例,男18例、女5例,年龄（48．67±9．23）岁,其中主动脉壁内外均使用毛毡条行“三明治”加固;B组：11例,男8例、女3例,年龄（48．00±9．17）岁,仅主动脉内膜内侧使用心包条加固;C组：38例,男29例、女9例,年龄（49．20±8．57）岁,主动脉断端不进行任何加固,与人工血管直接吻合。分析并比较3组患者的术后转归情况。结果术后住院死亡8例[其中A组1例（4．35％,1／23）,C组7例（18．42％,7／38）],住院死亡率11．11％。1例（A组）死于创面广泛渗血,最后出现弥散性血管内凝血;3例（均为C组）死于术后针眼、吻合口广泛渗血,循环不能维持;4例（均为C组）术后三尖瓣重度反流,继发严重低心排血量综合征,最终导致多脏器功能衰竭而死亡。术后严重并发症包括肾功能衰竭5例,呼吸功能不全7例,严重脑梗死致偏瘫1例,轻瘫3例,延迟苏醒2例,下肢缺血坏死1例。术后胸腔引流量C组最多,A组胸腔引流量与B组比较差异无统计学意义。随访64例,随访时间1～6个月。随访期间无死亡。5例肾功能衰竭患者中只有1例定期行血液透析治疗,其余4例患者肾功能均恢复正常;1例脑梗死患者肢体功能部分恢复,可以拄拐行走;3例轻瘫患者肢体功能均恢复正常。结论主动脉夹层断端的吻合质量异常重要,术中可根据具体情况选择合适的加固方式;使用毛毡条行“三明治”加固可以减少吻合口渗血,预防吻合口撕裂所致急性心肌梗死的发生,降低术后死亡率;若主动脉夹层剥离累及冠状动脉开口,需同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术。     

宁波市部分社区糖尿病肾病的中医辨证分型横断面调查

目的：探讨社区2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病肾病发病率及中医证型分布特点.方法：对2010年5月～2010年7月宁波市部分社区1604例2型糖尿病患者进行尿微量白蛋白（MA）及尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）的检验分析和辨证分型.结果：通过尿MA与尿NAG联合检验,1 604例2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病肾病患病率为28.4％,中医证型分布以气阴两虚型稍偏多.结论：尿MA与尿NAG联合检验可提高糖尿病肾病的筛查率.宁波地区部分社区2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病肾病患病率与国内报道相当,在糖尿病肾病的不同阶段,其中医病机及证型分布有一定相关性.