Impact of Induction Chemotherapy and Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy on Operative Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Locoregional Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach or Gastroesophageal Junction

Background Significant tumor downstaging has been achieved in patients with localized gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma by induction chemotherapy and preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CTX–CTXRT). However, the influence of CTX–CTXRT on operative morbidity and mortality has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to document the frequency and nature of morbidity and mortality after surgery combined with CTX–CTXRT, and identify factors predictive of postoperative complications in patients with localized gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods A prospectively collected database on 71 consecutive patients who underwent CTX–CTXRT at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between January 1997 and August 2004 was reviewed. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were investigated, and risk factors for overall complications were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 38.0% (27 patients) and 2.8% (2 patients), respectively. Age greater than 60 years [relative risk 11.3 (95% confidence interval 2.50–50.6)] and body mass index (BMI) of 26 kg/m² or above [relative risk 4.08 (95% confidence interval 1.08–15.4)] were significant risk factors for overall complications. Conclusions CTX–CTXRT can be performed safely with an acceptable operative morbidity and a low operative mortality rate in patients with gastric or gastroesophageal cancer, with careful consideration of added risk associated with age and obesity.     

The efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of peritonitis

Background: Peritonitis continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality and often an etiologic diagnosis is unclear. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopy the authors analyzed their 5-year experience with this modality of treatment. Methods: A review was made of 107 consecutive nonselected laparoscopic procedures performed between October 1990 and November 1995. The diagnosis was established by clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings and confirmed by laparoscopy and/or laparotomy. Results: An etiologic diagnosis was unclear in 35% of the cases and was established in all by laparoscopy; 94 patients (87.9%) were successfully treated by laparoscopy while 13 (12.1%) required conversion. Mortality was 4.6%; 14% had postoperative complications and 7.4% had reoperations. Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery is safe and very efficient in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with peritonitis. In most instances a definitive treatment can be carried out without conversion and has the additional and well-known advantages of minimally invasive surgery. Received: 15 March 1996/Accepted: 29 August 1996     

182例肺癌病人癌症家族史的分析

本文调查了182例肺癌病人及200例非肿瘤病人及200例非肿瘤病人（对照组）的癌症家庭史，分析结果：①肺癌组家庭患癌率为19.2%，其中直系亲属占94%，对照组家庭患癌率为20%，其中直系亲属占85%，肺癌组直系亲属患癌比例大于对照组，提示：肺癌的发病与遗传因素可能有相关性。②将三种不同组织类型肺癌病人的家庭患癌率作了比较，小细胞肺癌（Sclc）组最高为26.6%，其次是腺癌21%，鳞癌最低为10%，提示Sclc很可能与癌遗传因素有关。     

身体形态指数ABSI和身体圆度指数BRI的发展与应用

目的 对身体形态指数(ABSI)和身体圆度指数(BRI)的发展进行介绍,并对其应用情况进行综述,为人体形态测量提供参考。方法 在Pubmed、中国知网等电子文献数据库中进行文献检索,详尽收录迄今ABSI与BRI对高血压、糖尿病、代谢综合征、心血管疾病等常见疾病的发病率以及全因死亡率预测的相关研究。结果 ABSI与BRI均对高血压、糖尿病、代谢综合征、心血管疾病发病呈现出一定的预测能力。其中,BRI在预测糖尿病、代谢综合征发病方面优于ABSI,但与身体质量指数、腰围、臀围、腰高比等传统测量指标相比,并未表现出显著的差异。ABSI对全因死亡率的预测能力则明显优于传统测量指标和BRI。结论 ABSI与BRI作为两项新的形态学指标,是BMI等传统身体指数测量的补充,对疾病发病具有一定的预测能力和应用性。今后的研究可以从两项指标对疾病的单独作用以及与传统指标的联合作用着手,同时探索其在不同社会人口学特征人群中的拟合情况,提供更有利的研究证据和科学积累。     

2014—2016年肇庆市端州区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

目的 分析2014—2016肇庆市端州区居民恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况。方法 收集2014—2016年肇庆市端州区恶性肿瘤发病及死亡数据,计算恶性肿瘤发病与死亡粗率、标化率、35~64岁截缩率、累积率与前10位恶性肿瘤顺位等。结果 2014—2016年肇庆市端州区恶性肿瘤粗发病率为312.50/10万（男性为334.97/10万,女性为289.41/10万）,中标率为219.16/10万,世标率为214.30/10万,35~64岁截缩率为379.76/10万,0~74岁累积率为24.31%。粗死亡率为165.27/10万（男性为208.55/10万,女性为120.79/10万）,中标率为100.33/10万,世标率为99.52/10万,35~64岁截缩率为153.81/10万,0~74岁累积率为11.50%。端州区发病率居前10位的恶性肿瘤分别为肺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、女性乳腺癌、鼻咽癌、脑瘤、胃癌、甲状腺癌、白血病和前列腺癌,占全部恶性肿瘤发病的74.31%。端州区死亡率居前10位的恶性肿瘤分别为肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌、胃癌、女性乳腺癌、白血病、食管癌、胰腺癌和淋巴瘤,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的83.06%。结论 肺癌、消化系统癌症、女性乳腺癌和鼻咽癌是严重影响肇庆市端州区居民健康的重点恶性肿瘤,应加强预防与控制。     

Split-thickness skin graft donor-site morbidity: A systematic literature review

The purpose of this systematic literature review is to critically evaluate split-thickness skin graft (STSG) donor-site morbidities. The search of peer-reviewed articles in three databases from January 2009 to July 2019 identified 4271 English-language publications reporting STSG donor-site clinical outcomes, complications, or quality of life. Of these studies, 77 met inclusion criteria for analysis. Mean time to donor-site epithelialization ranged from 4.7 to 35.0 days. Mean pain scores (0–10 scale) ranged from 1.24 to 6.38 on postoperative Day 3. Mean scar scores (0–13 scale) ranged from 0 to 10.9 at Year 1. One study reported 28% of patients had donor-site scar hypertrophy at 8 years. Infection rates were generally low but ranged from 0 to 56%. Less frequently reported outcomes included pruritus, wound exudation, and esthetic dissatisfaction. Donor-site wounds underwent days of wound care and were frequently associated with pain and scarring. Widespread variations were noted in STSG donor-site outcomes likely due to inconsistencies in the definition of outcomes and utilization of various assessment tools. Understanding the true burden of donor sites may drive innovative treatments that would reduce the use of STSGs and address the associated morbidities.     

贵州省1990～1997年麻疹流行病学分析

对贵州省1990～1997年麻疹的流行病学及接种率与发病率的关系进行了系统分析,结果显示：90年代本省麻疹发病率仍停留在较高水平上,下降幅度较慢,每隔4～5年出现一次流行;发病地区分布广泛（91．24％）,但主要流行区为山区和边远少数民族地区;发病季节高峰期延长,2-7月病例数占66．67％;发病年龄以14岁以下儿童为主（86．56％）,但7岁以下儿童占多数（59．02％）．麻疹流行的原因主要是因常规免疫工作不扎实,麻疹疫苗（MV）接种率偏低,免疫空白点较多,引起易感人群的快速积累．提示我省麻疹的预防工作仍处于控制阶段,必须狠抓MV免疫接种工作,确保MV的高接种率和免疫成功率,适时开展MV强化免疫,才能使麻疹发病率快速下降,保证我省麻疹监测工作的顺利开展．     

The evolution of breast cancer mortality and morbidity in Spain (1977–1988)

A study of breast cancer mortality and cancer morbidity has been carried out in Spain recently for the period 1977–1988, covering the population of the 17 Autonomous Communities and 50 provinces of the country. Data was obtained from INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (National Institute of Statistics), with age standardization using the indirect method. The different Autonomous Communities and provinces were compared in order to establish possible significant differences. The crude mean mortality rate was 21 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year; Las Palmas, Gerona, Barcelona, the Balearic Islands, Navarra and Zaragoza have the highest mortality rates, with a proportional increment of 54% in that period. The crude national mean morbidity rate for the considered period was 64.0 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and the proportional increment 180%. According to provincial figures, Alava had the highest fitted mean morbidity rate, 135 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, whilst the highest fitted mean rate was Las Palmas (28 cases/100,000 inhabitants), and the highest proportional increment was the rate for the province of Huesca (169%). When using the ANOVA test on the mean rate of the period, for mortality as well as morbidity, we observed significant differences among provinces and among Autonomous Communities (p 0.05).     

GM(1,1,sinω)模型在肾综合征出血热发病预测中的应用研究

目的探讨肾综合征出血热(HFRS)发病率预测方法.方法根据以往聊城市HFRS发病率资料,建立灰色系统GM(1,1,sinω)预测模型,分析变化趋势.结果与GM(1,1)模型比较,GM(1,1,sinω)是更加合理的选择,预测本地HFRS下一发病高峰为2010年,HFRS的流行有周期延长、发病高峰退后的趋向.结论目前HFRS正处于发病率的低谷期,发病率呈上升趋势,应引起注意,并采取有效的措施预防HFRS的发病.