双重实时PCR快速同时检测霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌

目的建立改良分子信标双重实时PCR同时检测霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌的快速方法,应用于霍乱监测、副溶血弧菌食物中毒的快速诊断和海产品检验。方法根据GenBank公布的霍乱弧菌肠毒素基因A亚单位(ctxA)和副溶血弧菌的耐热直接溶血毒素基因(TDH)的保守序列,分别设计引物和改良分子信标探针,以10种细菌作对照,建立双重实时PCR改良分子信标检测体系,应用于副溶血弧菌食物中毒快速诊断和霍乱监测。结果改良分子信标双重实时PCR反应体系DNA灵敏度为102.4～166.6fgμl,菌液灵敏度为32～64CFUml或3～6CFUPCR反应体系,无交叉反应。此反应体系同时检测40株副溶血弧菌和50株霍乱弧菌,均出现特异的荧光信号,两种细菌检测互不干扰。对3起细菌性食物中毒共48份样品和100份海产品进行检测,9份副溶血弧菌实时PCR阳性,其中7份副溶血弧菌细菌培养阳性,其余样品都为阴性。从样品处理到检测结果仅需1天时间。结论改良分子信标双重实时PCR检测体系快速、灵敏度高、特异性强,可用于霍乱和副溶血弧菌食物中毒的快速诊断,为食源性疾病的分子流行病学调查提供新的检测手段。     

The nonreplicating smallpox candidate vaccines defective vaccinia Lister (dVV-L) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) elicit robust long-term protection

Current smallpox vaccines are live vaccinia viruses that replicate in the vaccinee inducing immunity against the deadly disease smallpox. Replication resulting in virus spread within the host, however, is the major cause of severe postvaccinal adverse events. Therefore, attenuated strains such as modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) or LC16m8 are candidates as next generation vaccines. These strains are usually grown in primary cells in which mass production is difficult and have an unknown protective potential in humans. Proven vaccine strains of defined origin and modern production techniques are therefore desirable. In this study, defective vaccinia virus (dVV) lacking a gene essential for replication (derived from the Lister vaccine in a complementing cell line) was compared with the Wyeth smallpox vaccine strain and with MVA in mouse animal models using cowpox and ectromelia virus challenge. Similar to MVA, prime-boost immunizations with defective vaccinia induced robust long-term immunity, suggesting it as a promising next generation smallpox vaccine.     

Konsekutive Serie von 100 Colonresektionen mit einer modifizierten fortlaufenden Nahttechnik

Zusammenfassung Es wird anhand einer konsekutiven Serie über eine modifizierte fortlaufende Nahttechnik am Colon berichtet, die gerade bei älteren Patienten eine sichere und rasche Methode der Anastomosierung darstellt. Die klinisch relevante Insuffizienzrate sowie auch die Letalitätsrate betrugen in dieser Serie je 2%, wobei die Ursachen für die Letalität aber keine Folge der Insuffizienz waren. Die Komplikationsrate betrug 11%, die urologischen Komplikationen mit 6% standen hierbei im Vordergrund.

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A consecutive series of 100 resections of the colon using a modified technique of continuous (running away) suture

Summary Based on a consecutive series it is reported about a modified type of continuous suture on the colon, used especially in elderly patients for being a secure and prompt method of anastomosing. The rate of insufficiency and mortality, as far as the clinical relevance is concerned, turns out to be 2% each and there was no relation between mortality and insufficient anastomosis. The complication rate was 11%, whereby the urological complications predominated with 6% of the total.

     

及时开展新冠疫情防控与大规模核酸检测的卫生经济学评价

目的 对广州市于第二波新冠疫情及时开展疫情防控以及大规模核酸检测进行卫生经济学评价。方法 基于全社会角度,从相关部门及文献中收集数据,对广州市的所有常住居民构建改进SEIR模型,通过构建不同情景,分析真实世界情景及疫情防控措施分别推迟3天与7天的情景下的结果产出值,并对广州市四轮大规模核酸检测行成本效益分析。结果 真实世界情境下,本轮疫情的总经济负担约为344.02亿元人民币。与及时开展疫情防控措施相比,推迟3天开展疫情防控措施会带来1 391例累计确诊病例、43例死亡以及额外的141.91亿元人民币的经济负担。而推迟7天开展疫情防控措施会带来26 237例累计确诊病例、882例死亡以及额外的294.62亿元人民币的经济负担。四轮大规模核酸检测的净收益为221.82亿元人民币,效益成本比为24.23。结论 面对疫情时及时开展疫情防控措施能够极大地减少经济负担,且进行大规模核酸检测具有良好的经济性。     

乳腺癌改良根治术中应用超声引导下TPVB复合全身麻醉对患者术后认知功能的影响

目的：探讨乳腺癌改良根治术中应用超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞（TPVB）复合全身麻醉对患者术后认知功能的影响。方法：选择信阳市中心医院2020年1月至2021年12月期间收治的56例乳腺癌改良根治术患者,以随机数字表法分为观察组（超声引导下TPVB联合全身麻醉）和对照组（全身麻醉）,各28例。比较两组患者的麻醉前（T0）、切皮时（T1）、手术开始60 min(T2)、术毕时（T3）的血流动力学指标变化情况,记录术中两组患者的麻醉药物用量,记录术前、术后1 d两组患者的神经功能状况,比较两组术后不良反应发生情况。结果：T1～T3时观察组患者的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）与T0时比较,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）;T1～T3时对照组患者的MAP、HR高于T0时,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）;T1～T3时观察组患者的MAP、HR低于同时段对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。观察组患者的术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。术后1 d两组患者的简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）评分均低于术前,且术后1 d观察组...     

改良Sugiura术治疗门静脉脉高压症20例报告

目的：探讨改良Sugiura术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效。方法：对20例门静脉高压症行改良Sugirua术者进行临床分析。结果：20例术后近期止血效果确切,随访观察发现19例食管静脉曲张消失或明显减轻。1例出现吻合口瘘及狭窄,经非手术治疗而愈。1例因肝肾功能衰竭死亡。结论：改良Sugiura术是治疗门静脉高压症的一种合理可取的术式。     

五参平律汤合律平治疗早搏96例临床观察

目的：观察五参平律汤合心律平对早搏的临床疗效,探讨可能的作用机理,方法：在对症治疗的基础上,随机分成五参平律汤合心律平组（治疗组）,和单用心律平组（对照组）进行临床观察,结果：治疗组抗早搏总有效率为865,对照组为71．75,两组差异显著,P＜0．01。结论：五参平律汤合心律平治疗早搏明显优于单用心律平,可能机能为补心平律,活血通络,改善心肌营养,抑制异位节律及折返传导,是否同时具有抗心律平的致心律失常作用有待以后验证。     

Full thickness open tear of the tendoachilles - Functional outcomes following a stable,single stage repair

ObjectiveOpen injuries of the Tendoachilles present a challenge to the treating surgeon. Although, common in our setting, there is a paucity of literature regarding management of the same. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyse the functional outcomes following debridement and primary repair of open tears of the Tendoachilles.Materials and methodsPatients with open tears of the tendoachilles, between January 2012 to January 2017. After obtaining demographic data, including mechanism of injury, all patients were managed by adequate debridement and primary repair, by Pennington’s modification of Kessler’s technique in a single sitting, paratenon closed circumferentially, plantaris reinforcement used when end to end repair couldn’t be achieved. Below knee cast for 2 months. Weight bearing started at three months. Statistical analysis using paired t-test for calf circumference, ankle range of motion comparing with uninjured limb. Functional outcome assessment by AOFAS hindfoot score and Achilles tendon rupture score.Results23 male patients, mean age 35, were analysed. Field injury was the most common mechanism, with slip in Indian lavatory pans accounting for four patients. Average time to surgery from injury was 22 hours. Plantaris reinforcement in one case. No case of wound dehiscence, scar adherence, tendon rerupture or infection. One patient had serous discharge at three weeks which settled with oral antibiotics. 21 patients performed single heel raise. There was no significant difference in calf circumference and ankle range of motion compared to uninjured limb. Mean AOFAS score was 92, mean Achilles tendon rupture score 77.ConclusionThough open injuries of the tendoachilles is fraught with complications, early debridement, adequate repair of the tendon edges with circumferential closure of the paratenon, yields adequate functional outcomes with minimal complications.     

完全腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加体内改良回肠通道术的学习效果分析

目的分析术者对完全腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除(LRC)+改良回肠通道术(MIC)的学习效果。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院2014年4月至2019年10月42例接受完全LRC+MIC患者的临床资料。男34例,女8例;年龄(63.4±9.1)岁。其中术者1行34例手术,术者2行8例。将术者1的34例按时间顺序分为3组,第1~12例为A组,第13~23例为B组,第24~34例为C组;术者2实施的8例为D组。4组中有腹部手术史者分别为0、1、4、3例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);4组年龄、体质指数、美国麻醉医师协会评分等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。改良术式的重要步骤包括光源透射下离断肠系膜、输出袢固定的条件下行输尿管-输出袢反流性对端吻合、缝合后腹膜缺口。比较各组患者手术时间、构建回肠通道时间、出血量、并发症发生比例、淋巴结清扫数量、切缘阳性比例等重要手术指标。结果各组手术均顺利完成,均无中转开放手术。A~C组手术时间分别为330.0(320.0,360.0)、300.0(250.0,308.0)、270.0(216.0,324.0)min,差异有统计学意义(P=0.010);3组构建回肠通道时间分别为136.5(131.3,147.5)、92.0(79.0,119.0)、79.0(72.0,115.0)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。手术时间和构建回肠通道时间组间两两比较,A、B组,A、C组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组出血量[200.0(125.0,300.0)、100.0(100.0,150.0)、200.0(100.0,400.0)ml]、并发症发生比例[4/12、4/11、3/11]、淋巴结清扫数量[(19.0±10.7)、(16.0±9.8)、(23.3±8.5)枚]、切缘阳性比例(1/12、1/11、2/11)的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。D组手术时间420.0(350.0,450.0)min,与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。D组出血量200.0(112.5,350.0)ml,并发症发生比例2/8,淋巴结清扫数量(13.8±7.1)个,切缘阳性比例1/8,与A组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论完全LRC+MIC学习效果明显,随着手术例数的增加,手术时间及构建回肠通道时间显著下降;该术式具有较好的可重复性和安全性。