葡萄糖耐量减低患者微血管并发症临床研究

目的:探讨葡萄糖耐量减低(IGT)患者微血管并发症的发生率。方法:以男性IGT106例患者为研究组,同时选择糖代谢正常的健康人100例为对照组,观察两组中眼底病变、微量白蛋白尿、中国勃起功能问卷调查(CIEF5)的积分、血脂、血压及体重指数(BMI)资料。结果:与正常对照组比较,IGT组微血管并发症发生率显著增加(P均<0.01),且两组间在血脂、血压及BMI等指标方面差异显著(P<0.05);多元回归分析表明微血管并发症与IGT有显著相关性。结论:男性IGT患者可发生与糖尿病患者同样的微血管并发症,其微血管并发症发生的危险因素包括脂质代谢异常,高血压及肥胖,提示控制糖代谢异常对防治糖尿病微血管并发症具有重要意义。     

显微血管减压术治疗286例面肌痉挛的临床疗效

目的探讨显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的疗效及预后。方法回顾采用显微血管减压术治疗的286例面肌痉挛患者,分析其临床表现、手术效果和并发症之间的关系,并于术后半年进行电话随访和来院复查,分析其长期的疗效。结果 286例患者起病时均表现为单侧面部肌肉阵发性、不自主、无痛性抽搐,随病程延长呈逐渐加重的趋势。本组术中均能见到有动脉或静脉血管异常而压迫面神经根出脑干处。术后随访6月至1年,230例症状完全缓解,52例明显减轻,4例手术无效。结论显微血管减压术是治疗面肌痉挛的一种安全而有效的手术方法。     

微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛84例分析

目的总结微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的临床经验。方法回顾性分析采用微血管减压术治疗的84例三叉神经痛患者的临床表现、术中所见、手术疗效及并发症的发生。结果 84例中80例术中发现责任血管压迫,4例无血管压迫而仅见蛛网膜粘连。术后疼痛消失76例,减轻6例,无效2例。术后随访6~62个月,未见一例复发。术后并发症:切口愈合不良13例,脑脊液耳漏1例,面部感觉麻木3例,面瘫2例,听力下降2例,耳鸣3例,颅内感染2例,无死亡及致残患者。结论微血管减压术是治疗三叉神经痛的可靠方法。对桥小脑角区局部解剖的熟悉,规范娴熟的手术操作,积极应用监测技术,神经内镜的辅助是提高手术疗效、减少并发症发生的关键。     

Peripheral microvascular dysfunction predicts residual risk in coronary artery disease patients on statin therapy

Objective

Although lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by statins is essential in treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, there is considerable residual risk of secondary coronary artery events (CAE). We examined whether microvascular dysfunction (MiD), measured by peripheral artery tonometry (PAT), can predict prognosis of CAD patients previously treated with statins.

Methods

We measured log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (L_RHI) in 213 CAD patients who had already achieved LDL-C <100 by statin therapy. Patients were followed-up for secondary CAE for a median of 2.7 years. Patients were divided into two groups: L_RHI ≥ 0.54 (n = 99) and L_RHI < 0.54 (n = 114).

Results

During follow-up, CAE occurred in 4 (4.0%) patients in the L_RHI ≥ 0.54 group and 18 (15.8%) patients in the L_RHI < 0.54 group (P = 0.006). Cox regression analysis indicated that L_RHI was an independent predictor for CAE even after adjustment by Framingham traditional risk factors (FRF; age, T-C/HDL-C ratio, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, current smoker, and gender) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for secondary CAE (HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.95). ROC analysis for CAE prediction showed that the AUC for models including FRF only, FRF + eGFR, and FRF + eGFR + L_RHI were 0.60, 0.71, and 0.77, respectively. Moreover, adding eGFR to FRF only (0.63, P = 0.003) and adding L_RHI to the FRF + eGFR model were associated with significant improvement of net reclassification improvement (0.79, P = 0.007).

Conclusion

MiD measured by non-invasive PAT adds incremental predictive ability to traditional risk factors for prognosis of CAD patients successfully treated with statins.     

Cryptogenic stroke following abdominal free flap breast reconstruction surgery

INTRODUCTION

Abdominal free flap breast reconstruction is regarded as the gold standard method of post-mastectomy breast reconstruction by many. It is a major surgery which can be associated with varied systemic complications. To date, there have been no reports of cerebrovascular complications in the literature which examine the possible relation between thromboembolism and patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients undergoing microvascular breast reconstruction.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 54-year old female with a pre-existing PFO developed a stroke following bilateral mastectomies and immediate free flap breast reconstruction on postoperative day 5. This was attributed to an air embolus caused by central venous pressure line removal. After uneventful intra and early postoperative periods, the patient had collapsed suddenly on day 5 and become unresponsive immediately following the removal of a central venous line. Brain magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a cerebrovascular accident. This resolved within 48 h following therapeutic heparinisation. A clinical diagnosis of paradoxical embolism was made and she was subsequently referred to the cardiologists for angiographic closure of the PFO.

DISCUSSION

The case study herein reported gives an account that PFO can have considerable health implications in the early postoperative period and conceivably intraoperatively in patients undergoing major reconstructive surgeries.

CONCLUSION

Surgeons and cardiologists should be aware of this cerebrovascular complication secondary to PFO following major reconstructive surgery such as microvascular breast reconstruction. It also serves to challenge microvascular surgeons to reconsider routine use of central venous pressure lines in free flap patients who might otherwise have good peripheral vessels for postoperative fluid and antibiotic administration.     

改良原代大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的培养方法及鉴定

目的 改良原代大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞分离培养方法。方法 选取4～6周龄SD大鼠6只,经开颅取脑、漂洗剪碎、过筛、牛血清白蛋白密度梯度离心、Ⅱ型胶原酶及胶原酶-分散酶两次连续酶消化后进行原代培养。通过细胞形态学观察和第Ⅷ因子免疫细胞化学染色鉴定所培养的目的细胞。结果 体外培养12～24 h后,细胞以贴壁的脑微血管段为中心,放射状向外周移行,并逐渐扩大成团簇状;细胞融合后则呈典型的单层、扁平、“铺路石样”镶嵌式排列。第Ⅷ因子免疫细胞化学染色检测,胞质呈棕红色,表达为阳性,阳性细胞率达99％以上。结论 改良方法能够成功高效分离培养出原代大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞。