A liquid-scintillation-based primary standardization of Pb

A new radioactivity solution standard of ²¹⁰Pb has been developed and will be disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as standard reference material (SRM) 4337. This new ²¹⁰Pb solution standard is contained in a 5 mL flame-sealed borosilicate glass ampoule, consists of (5.133±0.002) g of a nominal 1 mol L⁻¹ nitric acid solution, has a density of (1.028±0.002) g mL⁻¹ at 20 °C, has carrier ion concentrations of about 11 μg Pb²⁺ and 21 μg Bi³⁺ per gram of solution, and is certified to contain a massic activity (9.037±0.22) kBq g⁻¹ as of the reference time 1200 EST, 15 June 2006. All of the uncertainties cited above correspond to standard uncertainties multiplied by a coverage factor k=2. The standardization for the ²¹⁰Pb content of the solution was based on 4πβ liquid scintillation (LS) measurements using CIEMAT/NIST ³H-standard efficiency tracing (CNET). Confirmatory determinations were also performed by high-resolution HPGe γ-ray spectrometry, by 2π spectrometry with a Si surface barrier detector of separated ²¹⁰Po, and by 4πβ(LS)–γ(NaI) anticoincidence counting.     

鱼腥草止咳口服液治疗难治性肺炎的临床观察

目的:观察鱼腥草止咳口服液对难治性肺炎患者的临床疗效,并探讨其作用机理。方法:65例患者随机分成两组,治疗组35例,对照组30例。对照组采用西医常规治疗,治疗组在同对照组治疗基础上加用鱼腥草止咳口服液口服,观察两组患者症状及体征的改善情况,并检测治疗前后外周血IL-2和TNF-α的变化。结果:治疗后总有效率:治疗组为94.3%,对照组为83.3%,组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组在增加外周血IL-2及降低TNF-α水平方面明显优于对照组。结论:鱼腥草止咳口服液治疗难治性肺炎具有显著疗效,尤其在镇咳、平喘、抗炎、退热及促进排痰、肺部啰音和炎症消失、毒副作用等方面具有明显优势。     

颞区液态硅胶注射后的并发症和处理

自１９９２年以来共收治２０例颞区液态硅胶注射后出现并发症的病人。综合其并发症主要有：（１）局部凹凸不平；（２）疼痛或压痛；（３）在局部或向周围皮下组织内浸润形成硬结；（４）肿胀或青紫。采用颞部发际内切口取出注射之硅胶，对颞部凹陷者于颞区纵切口处辅加一横切口，形成适当大小的蒂在前方的颞肌筋膜瓣翻转１８０°充填颞区，对向眼周及面颊浸润者采用重睑切口、下睑袋整形切口或鱼尾纹切口取出硅胶或同时行上下睑整形术，所有病人都自觉满意。认为利用上述这些切口一方面能满意地取出注射之硅胶，又不会在面部留下明显刀口瘢痕。颞肌筋膜瓣因其血运丰富、不被吸收、质地柔软，不失为一种良好的颞区凹陷充填材料。     

小柴胡汤口服液药效作用的研究

观察了小柴胡汤口服液的主要药理作用。研究表明,小柴胡汤口服液有显著抑制角叉菜胶诱发的大鼠踝关节水肿(p<0.05),保护四氯化碳所致的大鼠急性肝功能损害,有极显著降低血清SGPT及LDH的作用(P<0.01)。对家兔发热反应也有较好的抑制作用。此外,小柴胡汤口服液对小鼠兔疫反应也有一定的增强作用,可促进小鼠碳粒廓清速率,提高血清溶血素水平及增强鸡红细胞所致的迟发性过敏反应。     

聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射美容的临床与组织学评估

目的　探讨聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射后并发症的临床与组织学特点。方法　对 1998年至 2 0 0 3年接诊的 5 2例在外院注射了聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶 ,并引起并发症患者的临床资料进行了总结与组织学研究。为了便于比较 ,另选 12例 1988年～ 1994年期间接受液态硅胶注射的患者取出的组织病理切片与之对照研究。结果　聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射后并发症以局部硬结最多见 ,而且多发生在注射后 1～ 2年左右时间里。人体组织对注射的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的反应为多核异物巨细胞增生 ,并形成肉芽肿。与液态硅胶比较 ,注射的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶引起组织的淋巴细胞反应弱 ,材料周围的纤维包膜较薄。机体内长期存留的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶可能会引起局部组织变性反应。结论　聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶作为软组织填充剂的安全性需要进一步研究。     

中药空气消毒液消毒作用的实验研究

作者通过大量的基础实验和临床现场实验研究,成功研制了中药空气消毒液。研究结果证明:本品具有抗细菌,抗甲型、乙型流感病毒及单纯疱疹病毒的作角。该药液对以金黄色葡萄球菌为代表的G~+菌,以大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌为代表的G~-菌的最小抑菌浓度为5％,最小灭菌浓度为20％,最短灭菌时间为5min。毒理试验证明长期使用此药液无毒副作用。本品在常温下保存性能稳定;对日常用品无损伤现象。临床试验结果证明本品喷雾空气消毒作用与常规紫外线照射法、过氧乙酸喷雾法基本相同。效果满意。     

金锁匙口服液药效学及毒性研究

通过对金锁匙口服液的药效学及毒性的研究表明：本品能明显抑制吗啡依赖性小白鼠停药后的跳跃反应，协同戊巴比妥钠催眠作用，提高小鼠热板法痛阈值，抑制醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应，提示金锁匙口服液对吗啡类成瘾患者有一定的治疗作用，毒理研究表明；本品服用无药物依赖性、安全、无毒。     

Agreement between CBNAAT,liquid culture and line probe assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and anti-tubercular drug resistance in extrapulmonary samples

PurposeCartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) has been endorsed by the WHO as the screening test for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). In the present study we report the agreement between CBNAAT (Xpert MTB/RIF), liquid culture (LC) and line probe assay (LPA) for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and detection of drug resistance among EPTB cases.MethodsThe EP samples were subjected to CBNAAT (Xpert MTB/RIF, Cepheid, USA) and wherever possible, to LC (MGIT 960, Becton Dickinson, USA) followed sequentially by first line and second line-LPA (FL-LPA, SL-LPA, Hain Lifescience, Germany) on the isolates.ResultsTotal 566/4080 (13.9%) EP samples were detected positive for M. tuberculosis on CBNAAT. Aspirates from lymph nodes were most often positive (11/30; 36.6%), followed by pus (240/873; 27.5%) and CSF samples (166/104; 15.8%). The detection of M. tuberculosis was more in adults than children except in tissue biopsy samples. Rifampicin resistance was also higher among adults except CSF in which resistance was more in children. Total 185 of 566 (32.7%) CBNAAT positive and 770 of 3510 (21.9%) CBNAAT negative samples could be cultured of which 110/185 (59.4%) and 33/770 (4.3%) respectively turned positive. FL-LPA and SL-LPA of 143 culture isolates showed that 27 isolates had drug resistance, of which 3 (2.1%) were XDR, 11 (7.7%) were Pre-XDR (FQ) and 13 (9.1%) were MDR. Of these 27 resistant isolates, 12 were negative by CBNAAT and two were mislabeled as Rifampicin sensitive or indeterminate based on the unique RpoB gene mutation patterns on LPA. The positive and negative agreements between LC and CBNAAT for detection of M. tuberculosis were 67.1% and 92.7% respectively and between LPA and CBNAAT for rifampicin resistance detection were 98.9% and 92.9% respectively.ConclusionsFor EPTB, CBNAAT should be accompanied with LC wherever possible irrespective of the CBNAAT result.     

Measurement of 5-HIAA levels in ventricular CSF (by LCEC) and in striatum (byin vivo voltammetry) during pharmacological modifications of serotonin metabolism in the rat

Summary The relationship between the concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the CSF and in the striatum has been evaluated in the rat by measuring the levels of this metabolite in ventricular CSF (by liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection) and in the striatal extracellular fluid (byin vivo voltammetry) after administration of inhibitors of serotonin synthesis or degradation. Pargyline, NSD 1015 and-propyldopacetamide all caused an exponential decline of 5-HIAA in both CSF and striatum. For a given drug, the rate constants for 5-HIAA disappearance were identical in the CSF and in the striatal extracellular fluid. These results confirm the view that CSF 5-HIAA may serve as a good index of brain serotonin turnover.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时快速检测微量血清中6种脂溶性维生素

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）同时快速检测微量血清中维生素A、维生素D（25-OH-VD2 、25-OH-VD3 ）、维生素E（α-、β-和γ-生育酚）的方法。方法 血清中脂溶性维生素经甲醇-乙腈（50:50, v/v)沉淀蛋白、正己烷萃取,以Phenomenex Kinetex F5色谱柱为分离柱,2.5 mmol/L甲酸铵-0.1%甲酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离（ESI+ ）、多反应监测（MRM）模式下检测,同位素内标法定量。结果 血清中6种脂溶性维生素线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数 r >0.995;6种脂溶性维生素的检测限为0.20~1.25 ng/ml,定量限为0.39~3.88 ng/ml;加标回收率为86.6%~107.7%,日内精密度<9.6%,日间精密度<9.3%。NIST标准参照品SRM 968f验证方法准确度,结果偏差均在5%以内。结论 本方法准确度高、重现性好、用血量少,适于婴幼儿等采血困难者微量血样中多种脂溶性维生素的同时快速检测。