Trends in work-related musculoskeletal disorder reports by year, type, and industrial sector: a capture-recapture analysis

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are thought to be declining based on Bureau of Labor Statistics survey data, but there is also evidence of MSD under-reporting, raising the possibility of contrary trends. The magnitude of MSD under-reporting over time, and its industry distribution have not been adequately described. METHODS: Capture-recapture analysis of 7 years of Connecticut MSD (1995-2001), utilizing Workers' Compensation and physician reporting data was performed. RESULTS: Only 5.5%-7.9% of MSD cases appear to be reported to Workers Compensation annually. The capture-recapture estimated average annual rate for upper-extremity MSD was 133.1 per 10,000 employed persons, far above BLS rates. By industry, Manufacturing, State Government, and the Finance/Insurance/Real Estate sectors all had significantly higher MSD rates than Wholesale/Retail Trade. CONCLUSIONS: Upper-extremity MSD appears to be significantly under-reported, and rates are not decreasing over time. Capture-recapture methods provide an improved surveillance method for monitoring temporal trends in injury rates.     

HPLC-MS法测定步长脑心通中多种黄芪皂苷类成分

目的:应用高效液相色谱-电喷雾飞行时间质谱联用(HPLC-ESI/TOF MS)法定量分析步长脑心通胶囊中黄芪皂苷类成分。方法:采用人参皂苷Rg1作为内标物;色谱柱:Zorbax Extend C18,250mm×4·6mm,5μm;柱温25℃;流动相:0·1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱;流速:1mL·min-1;质谱采集模式:正离子。结果:各黄芪皂苷的检测限为0·10~0·22ng,定量限为0·22~0·52ng;在对应的线性范围内,r≥0·9982;峰面积之比(As/Ai)的日间精密度(RSD)和日内精密度(RSD)均小于2·86%;回收率大于94·9%。结论:本文建立HPLC-ESI/TOF MS法可以准确测定黄芪类中药制剂中的黄芪皂苷类成分。     

LC/DAD/MSD技术研究大鼠胆汁中盐酸非洛普的II相代谢产物

目的研究大鼠服药后胆汁中盐酸非洛普(DDPH)II相代谢产物.方法收集大鼠空白胆汁及给药后12h内的胆汁,以LC/DAD/MSD技术判断II相代谢产物峰位.以HPLC法制备II相代谢产物馏分并以β-葡糖醛酸酶水解,再进行分析;同时将与II相代谢产物相应的I相代谢产物对照品按相同条件进行分析对照.结果大鼠给药后胆汁色谱图中峰M₇,M₈和M₉为DDPH的II相代谢产物,它们的β-葡糖醛酸酶水解产物分别为M₃,M₂和M₁.结论β-1-O-{3,5-二甲基-4-[-2-甲基-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯乙氨基)-乙氧基]-苯基}-葡糖醛酸(M₇),β-1-O-{2,4-二甲基-3-[2-甲基-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯乙氨基)-乙氧基]-苯基}-葡糖醛酸(M₈)和β-1-O-{2-甲氧基-4-[1-甲基-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-乙氨基-乙基]-苯基}-葡糖醛酸(M₉)为大鼠ipDDPH后产生的II相代谢产物.     

The Association Between Female Sexual Dysfunction and Sexual Dysfunction in the Male Partner: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundThe field of study addressing the relationship between FSD and male sexual dysfunction (MSD) represents a pivotal worldwide health issue as interrelationship between FSD and MSD studies are still inconclusive.AimTo review the interrelationship between FSD and MSD and to conclude whether there is a definitive risk of men developing sexual dysfunction when his partner is suffering from FSD.MethodsThe investigation was conducted following the standard practice for conducting and reporting the findings of systematic reviews and meta-analyses comprising of 4 electronic databases, that is, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library and Ovid (Medline) from inception to December 2019. Search strategies were developed based on relevant keywords with appropriate truncation and Boolean operators’ approach. The quality of studies was employed using the McMaster Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies and were assessed by independent reviewers. The levels of evidence of the included studies were also determined.OutcomesMSD who had been exposed to FSD.ResultsFrom more than 8,000 studies searched, 26 studies were finally included, and most included studies have reasonable quality. Meta-analysis found a significant sexual dysfunction in men who are partnered with women with FSD. It found a consistent correlation between FDS and sexual dysfunction in men with a significant 3-fold increase in MSD who are partnered with women with FSD (odds ratio = 3.011, 95% confidence interval: 1.856–4.885, P = <.001, I² = 42.26%). Among subtypes of MSD, likelihood increased 4-fold for erectile dysfunction and that of premature ejaculation doubled. The data for several other domains on their components were mixed.Clinical TranslationThese findings support the notion that clinicians should evaluate sexual function pertaining to both partners and encompassing several dimensions and needing an interdisciplinary approach.Strength & LimitationsThis review exhaustively examines data search from vast electronic databases and as the comparison of studies is extracted from English journal publications, not all regions worldwide are represented.ConclusionThis meta-analysis and systematic review found an association between sexual dysfunction in men partnered with women with FSD, especially in the domains of erectile and ejaculatory function.Chew PY, Choy CL, Sidi Hb, et al. The Association Between Female Sexual Dysfunction and Sexual Dysfunction in the Male Partner: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Sex Med 2021;18:99–112.     

Autotransplantation of premolars and space closure in a patient with inflamed sinuses

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Evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of orally delivered Shigella type III secretion system proteins IpaB and IpaD

Shigella spp. are food- and water-borne pathogens that cause shigellosis, a severe diarrheal and dysenteric disease that is associated with a high morbidity and mortality in resource-poor countries. No licensed vaccine is available to prevent shigellosis. We have recently demonstrated that Shigella invasion plasmid antigens (Ipas), IpaB and IpaD, which are components of the bacterial type III secretion system (TTSS), can prevent infection in a mouse model of intranasal immunization and lethal pulmonary challenge. Because they are conserved across Shigella spp. and highly immunogenic, these proteins are excellent candidates for a cross-protective vaccine. Ideally, such a vaccine could be administered to humans orally to induce mucosal and systemic immunity. In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Shigella IpaB and IpaD administered orally with a double mutant of the Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (dmLT) as a mucosal adjuvant. We characterized the immune responses induced by oral vs. intranasal immunization and the protective efficacy using a mouse pulmonary infection model. Serum IgG and fecal IgA against IpaB were induced after oral immunization. These responses, however, were lower than those obtained after intranasal immunization despite a 100-fold dosage increase. The level of protection induced by oral immunization with IpaB and IpaD was 40%, while intranasal immunization resulted in 90% protective efficacy. IpaB- and IpaD-specific IgA antibody-secreting cells in the lungs and spleen and T-cell-derived IL-2, IL-5, IL-17 and IL-10 were associated with protection. These results demonstrate the immunogenicity of orally administered IpaB and IpaD and support further studies in humans.     

Overview of Agreement Statistics for Medical Devices

This paper is an overview that summarizes recently developed tools in assessing agreement for methods comparison and instrument/assay validation in medical devices. This paper emphasizes concept, sample sizes, and examples more than analytical formulas. We have considered a unified approach of evaluating agreement among multiple instruments (k), each with multiple replicates (m) for both continuous and categorical data. We start with the basic scenario of two instruments (k = 2), each with only one measurement (m = 1). In this basic scenario for continuous data, we also consider if the target values are considered random (values of a gold standard instrument) or fixed (known values). In the more general case, we will not consider when the target values are fixed. We discuss the simplified sample size calculations. When there is a disagreement between methods, one needs to know if the source of the disagreement was due to a systematic shift (bias) or random error. The coefficients of accuracy and precision will be discussed to characterize these sources. This is important because a systematic shift usually can be easily fixed through calibration, while a random error usually is a more cumbersome variation reduction exercise.

For categorical variables, we consider scaled agreement statistics. For continuous variables, we use scaled or unscaled agreement statistics. For variables with proportional error, we can simply apply a log transformation to the data. Finally, three examples are given: one for assay validation, one for a lab proficiency assessment, and one for a lab comparison on categorical assay.