Characterization of Malignant Portal Vein Thrombosis with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography

We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for differentiation of benign versus malignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT). We studied a total of 43 patients with chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma-suggestive nodules and confirmed PVT, in whom the nature of the PVT was confirmed by follow-up imaging (US, computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging) performed up to 6 mo after CEUS. PVT was assessed by US, Doppler US and CEUS with respect to vessel wall disruption and/or invasion, color Doppler vascularization, pulsed Doppler vascularization pattern and CEUS enhancement and vascularization pattern, and thrombi were classified as benign or malignant based on these findings. Follow-up studies revealed malignant PVT in 22 of the 43 patients (51%) and benign PVT in 21 patients (49%). CEUS findings were consistent with follow-up studies in 41 of the 43 patients (95%), with κ?=?0.903 (p < 0.0001), sensitivity?=?91% and specificity?=?100%, indicating that CEUS can be confidently used to differentiate benign from malignant portal vein thrombosis in the setting of chronic liver disease.     

Difference in Survival in Early Kidney after Liver Transplantation Compared with Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplantation: Evaluating the Potential of the “Safety Net”

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Role of zinc supplementation in the management of chronic liver diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction and objectivesZinc deficiency has been associated with poor prognosis in chronic liver disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the role of zinc supplementation in the management of chronic liver diseases.Materials and methodsWe searched MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from inception to August 2018. We included randomized controlled trials evaluating adult patients with chronic liver disease of any etiology receiving zinc supplementation. Studies with other designs or evaluating chronic conditions other than liver disease were excluded. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data from eligible studies. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized studies.ResultsOf 1315 studies screened, 13 were included. Six assessed chronic hepatitis C treatment, with a relative risk of 0.83 indicating no protective effect of zinc supplementation on the improvement of sustained virological response. Three evaluated response to hepatic encephalopathy treatment, with a relative risk of 0.66 indicating a favorable effect of zinc supplementation on clinical improvement of this condition. Of four studies evaluating the management of cirrhosis, two analyzed the effect of zinc supplementation on serum albumin levels, with no statistical difference between zinc and placebo groups.ConclusionsClinical trials assessing zinc supplementation in liver diseases do not show benefits in terms of clinical improvement or disease halting. There are possible benefits of zinc supplementation on hepatic encephalopathy, however, this is based on limited evidence. This research question is still open for evaluation in larger, well-designed, clinical trials.     

他汀类药物对肝功能影响的研究

目的观察他汀类药物对肝功能的影响,探讨定期检测肝功能的必要性。方法选择2004年9月至2005年3月门诊就诊心血管病患者,了解其所用他汀类药物的种类和剂量,每月复查血脂水平和肝功能。结果所用他汀类药物有辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、洛伐他汀和阿托伐他汀,常用剂量为10～20mg/d,治疗后总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著降低,而肝酶在治疗前、后无显著变化,肝酶升高3倍以上者所占比例低。结论他汀类药物在低剂量应用时对肝脏损伤小,没有必要频繁监测肝功能。     

多巴胺或多巴胺复合去甲肾上腺素对肝移植术中患者血液动力学、氧代谢及肾功能的影响

目的评价原位肝脏移植术(OLT)中持续输注多巴胺或多巴胺复合去甲肾上腺素对血液动力学、组织氧代谢和肾功能的影响。方法拟行OLT的患者30例,ASAⅢ或Ⅳ级,随机分为2组 (n=15)。A组:术中持续输注多巴胺,初始输注速率为1-3μg·kg-1·min-1;B组:术中持续输注多巴胺复合去甲肾上腺素,初始输注速率分别为1-3μg·kg-1·min-1和0．03μg·kg-1·min-1,多巴胺输注速率不超过5μg·kg-1·min-1;术中两组均调节输注速率维持MAP 60-80 mm Hg。分别于切皮前即刻、切肝期1 h、无肝期1 h、新肝期1h和术毕测定血液动力学、组织代谢和肾功能指标。结果两组HR、 MAP均维持较平稳。无肝期两组CVP、MPAP、PAWP、CO、CI、DO2、VO2降低(P<0．05);SVR和SVRI升高(P<0．05),但均在正常范围内。术中PVR、PVRI、pH及SvO2均较平稳。乳酸浓度增高并持续到术毕。两组术中Cr和BUN均在正常范围,B组总尿量高于A组(P相似文献   

甲胎蛋白阴性肝癌的临床特点分析

目的:分析甲胎蛋白(alphafetoprotein,AFP)阴性肝癌的临床特点。方法:对11年间(1994-2004年)76例AFP阴性肝癌患者和2年间(2002-2003年)102例AFP阳性肝癌患者在性别、临床表现、合并疾病[乙型肝炎和(或)肝硬化]、Child-Pugh分级和γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-glutamyltransferase,γGT)方面进行对比分析。结果:AFP阴性肝癌患者消瘦乏力、腹痛、腹部肿块的症状少于AFP阳性肝癌患者(分别为55.3%vs82.4%、56.6%vs75.5%、13.2%vs45.1%,均P<0.05),合并乙型肝炎较AFP阳性肝癌少(68.4%vs93.1%,P<0.05),Child-Pugh分级中A级显著多于AFP阳性肝癌(56.6%vs32.4%,P<0.05),而C级显著少于AFP阳性肝癌(2.6%vs16.7%,P<0.05);AFP阴性肝癌患者中γGT异常者的比例少于AFP阳性肝癌(64.5%vs84.3%,P<0.05)。两组患者在黄疸、腹水、肝硬化和Child-Pugh分级中B级方面差异无显著性。结论:AFP阴性肝癌患者临床表现较轻且缺乏特异性,诊断...     

原位肝移植术后缺血型胆道病变20例

目的探讨原位肝移植术后缺血型胆道病变（ITBL）的病因及预防、诊断和治疗的措施。方法回顾性分析1999年2月至2005年4月间291例次原位肝移植后发生ITBL患者的临床资料。结果291例次原位肝移植术后共发生ITBL 20例（6．9％）。术后发生ITBL的高危因素为：原发病为重型乙型肝炎、供受者ABO血型不符、供肝冷保存时间超过12h和术后肝动脉病变。其发生率分别为12．5％（9／71）、20．0％（2／10）、11．1％（9／81）和60％（3／5）。采用药物、经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）介入、胆道外科手术及再次肝移植等方法治疗，有效率为80．0％（16／20）、治愈率为50．0％（10／20），与ITBL相关的病死率为10．0％（2／20），与ITBL相关的移植物功能丧失发生率为20．0％（4／20）。结论针对ITBL的高危因素进行相应处理是预防ITBL的有效措施。胆道造影和核磁共振胆胰管成像对诊断ITBL有很高的敏感性和特异性。根据不同的病因和病变程度采用适当的方法治疗ITBL，可获得良好的疗效。     

腺病毒介导MDA-7/IL-24选择性杀伤肝癌 细胞HepG2的研究

目的 ：观察MDA-7/IL-24基因对肝癌的选择性杀伤作用，为肝癌的基因治疗提供理论基础。 方法 ：将携带人MDA-7/IL-24基因的腺病毒Ad.mda-7感染人正常肝细胞L02和肝癌细胞HepG2;用RT-PCR法观察MDA-7/IL-24基因的表达;ELISA方法检测细胞培养上清液中MDA-7/IL-24蛋白的浓度;4甲基偶氮唑蓝染色法（MTT）及Hoechst染色观察MDA-7/IL-24对肝癌细胞的生长抑制和杀伤作用;Annexin-V和PI双染后流式细胞仪检测2种细胞的凋亡;用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。 结果 ：复制缺陷型腺病毒能介导外源基因MDA-7/IL-24在肝癌细胞株HepG2和正常细胞L02中的高效表达;细胞培养上清液中有MDA-7/IL-24蛋白的表达; MDA-7/IL-24能明显抑制肝癌细胞生长并可促进肝癌细胞的凋亡;MDA-7/IL-24阻滞肝癌细胞于G2/M期，能选择性杀伤肝癌细胞而对正常的肝细胞无阻滞作用和毒性作用。结论 ：复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体Ad.mda-7能介导MDA-7/IL-24基因在人肝癌细胞中高效表达，促使细胞增殖阻滞及诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡，选择性地杀伤肝癌细胞HepG2，而对正常肝细胞L02无任何毒性作用。     

肝移植术后糖尿病危险因素分析

目的 探讨肝移植术后糖尿病（PTDM）的发生及发展的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析98例肝移植受者的临床资料。根据其肝移植术后是否发生糖尿病，分为糖尿病组（36例）和非糖尿病组（62例）。以术前和术后可能的9个危险因素作为分析指标，进行这些指标的单因素分析和χ^2检验。结果 在对两组患者的年龄、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染情况、有无肝硬化及肝硬化的程度、术前糖耐量情况、免疫抑制剂的选择及其血药浓度、激素的使用时间的比较分析中发现：术前肝硬化患者PTDM的发生率明显高于无肝硬化者；肝硬化失代偿期患者PTDM的发生率高于代偿期。术前糖耐量异常的患者PTDM的发生率明显高于糖耐量正常者。激素半年内撤离的患者PTDM的发生率明显低于半年内未撤离者。而两组患者的年龄、HBV的感染情况、免疫抑制剂的选择及其血药浓度相比较，差异均无统计学差异。结论 肝硬化、尤其是肝硬化失代偿期，糖耐量异常，长期使用激素是PTDM发生的危险因素。