6种中药注射剂在输液中的不溶性微粒测定

目的:测定6种中药注射剂加入输液后的不溶性微粒。方法:采用2005年版《中国药典》规定的不溶性微粒检查法——光阻法测定6种中药注射剂在输液中的不溶性微粒。结果:6种中药注射剂均含有不同粒径和不同数量的不溶性微粒。结论:应加强中药静脉注射剂的质量控制,在使用中密切注意不溶性微粒的监控。     

慢性轻度铅中毒21例的护理体会

目的总结慢性轻度铅中毒患者的护理经验和体会，旨在进一步做好职业性慢性中毒的护理工作。方法对21例尿铅、血铅含量高于正常值患者的症状及心理特点进行观察及系统综合护理。结果21人中有腹部隐痛症状者占81．0％，有乏力症状者占47．6％，有焦虑、恐惧、忧郁心理特点者占90．0％。结论将职业医学、心理学、护理学等知识，运用于慢性轻度铅中毒的护理工作中，能使患者对所患疾病有了正确认识和了解，积极配合治疗和护理。     

Fe3+/TiO2-xNx太阳光下降解亚甲基蓝的研究

目的:采用溶胶-凝胶法制备一系列不同Fe3 掺杂量的复合纳米Fe3 /TiO2-xNx光催化剂,建立以太阳为光源高效降解亚甲基蓝的反应体系。方法:利用UV-V is-DR s和XRD对其光谱学特征进行研究。以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解反应为模型,研究Fe3 /TiO2-xNx光催化剂的催化活性及其影响因素,探讨了采用太阳光为光源降解MB的可行性。结果:x(Fe3 )为0.4%,光催化剂用量为2 g/L,初始MB浓度为1×10-6mol/L,初始pH值为8,初始H2O2浓度为6 mmol/L,采用太阳光照射4 h,MB降解率可达87%。结论:自制光催化剂能有效利用太阳光,高效降解水中亚甲基蓝。     

爱诺赛光固化垫底材料在修复楔状缺损中的临床应用

目的比较加用爱诺赛光固化垫底材料与单纯光固化复合树脂修复楔状缺损的临床疗效。方法对22例患者共118颗牙髓活力正常的牙颈部楔状缺损分别进行充填治疗，随机分成光固化复合树脂组（A组）和光固化复合树脂加爱诺赛光固化垫底材料组（B组），每组39颗牙，临床观察2年后，用美国公共健康部制定的评价系统（USPHS）进行疗效评价。结果B组的固位效果；边缘密合性、牙髓反应明显优于A组，两者差异有显著性。结论复合树脂加用爱诺赛光固化垫底材料修复楔状缺损可提高修复充填体的固位率、边缘密合性，并可减少牙髓反应，有较高的实用性。     

Light-induced photoreceptor degeneration may involve the NF kappa B/caspase-1 pathway in vivo

PURPOSE: To determine the role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. METHODS: Dark-adapted BALB/cJ mice, 4-8 weeks, were exposed to an intense green light (3.1-3.5 klux) for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 24 h and killed immediately after exposure. The photoreceptor apoptosis was detected by TUNEL. Co-localization of NFkappaB p65 immunoreactivity and TUNEL in photoreceptor cells was detected by double immunolabeling. The protein levels of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), Bcl-xL, caspase-1, and opsin after light exposure were analyzed by Western blot analysis. In addition, the initiation of NFkappaB activation was assessed by measuring the increase in phosphorylated IkappaBalpha (pIkappaBalpha). Immunohistochemical localization of caspase-1 was also performed on the mouse retinas. RESULTS: Co-localization of NFkappaB p65 immunoreactivity with TUNEL was observed in scattered photoreceptor cells after 24 h of light exposure. The amount of pIkappaBalpha was increased after 1 h of light exposure, and in parallel, the amounts of XIAP and Bcl-xL were increased at 1 h. In contrast, caspase-1 did not increase until after 6 h of light exposure. Caspase-1-immunolabeling was observed in scattered photoreceptor cells after 3 h of light exposure but was markedly increased in many more cells at 6 h. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that NFkappaB may play an anti-apoptotic role in the early response to light stress and that photoreceptor apoptosis induced by light stress may be mediated through an NFkappaB/caspase-1 pathway.     

Light scattering in rat neocortical slices differs during spreading depression and ischemia

Spreading depression (SD) and ischemia are different pathophysiological events but have similar characteristics. This study investigated whether similarity exists in the light scattering (LS) properties during SD and ischemia in rat neocortical slices. SD was induced by injection of K(+) while ischemia was simulated by removing oxygen and glucose. LS was simultaneously recorded with changes in extracellular direct current (DC) potential and extracellular space (ECS) volume. LS was measured using a photon counting fiber optic system and the ECS volume change was determined by measuring the ECS concentration of tetramethylammonium (TMA(+)). Slices maintained in normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) showed a consistent LS increase during SD, but exhibited two different LS behaviors during 6 min of ischemia. In eight slices, LS decreased and remained so until the end of the ischemic challenge. In another 10 slices, LS diminished initially but, after 2 min, suddenly reversed sign, accompanied by a rapid negative shift in extracellular DC potential. When 50 or 91% of Cl(-) in the ACSF was replaced by membrane-permeable propionate, LS retained its increase during SD, but always showed the sudden LS reversal during ischemia. In contrast, when Cl(-) was substituted with membrane-impermeant methylsulfate, the SD-induced LS increase was replaced by an LS decrease, and the sudden LS reversal during ischemia was absent. While the LS signal showed different characteristics during SD and ischemia, the DC potential always presented negative shifts and the ECS volume always exhibited similar decreases. These results suggest that the polarity of the LS signal is determined by the competition of at least two factors: cell swelling and anion influx.     

双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度法测定痕量锰

目的:建立了测定痕量锰的双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度分析的新方法。方法:在醋酸和醋酸钠介质中,利用锰催化高碘酸钾氧化亮绿和二甲基黄褪色的指示反应,通过测量430 nm和640 nm下,催化体系和非催化体系吸光度的变化,用双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度法测定痕量锰。结果:线性范围为0.15~2.2μg/25 ml,检出限为1.24×10-4μg/25 ml。结论:本方法灵敏度高,体系稳定,具有较好的选择性,可用于面粉和大米中锰的测定。     

人与大鼠冠状动脉增龄变化的比较研究

目的:探讨人及大鼠冠脉壁组织结构与管径的增龄变化以及种系差别。方法;对新生儿、成年、老年三组人心冠状动脉管壁结构及其老龄变化作了光镜水平定量观测。对幼年、老年大鼠心冠脉进行了电镜水平观察。结果:大鼠冠脉与人心冠脉管壁结构及其增龄变化有明显不同。人冠脉壁的增龄变化非常显著,新生儿冠脉内膜仅由内皮和一层较厚的内弹性膜构成,至成年和老年时,内膜中出现内皮下层并不同程度的增厚,有的则发展为动脉硬化,使管腔变小。而在大鼠冠脉不论幼年或老年,其内膜仅由内皮构成,无内弹性膜和内皮下层出现,因而从幼年至老年始终没有内膜增厚甚或管腔变窄现象。结论:人冠脉管壁增龄变化显著、大鼠冠脉无明显增龄变化,二者间种属差异较显著。这种比较解剖学上的差异,对研究人类的冠脉病变可能有一定意义。     

Effects of the selective angiotensin II receptor antagonists losartan and PD123177 in animal models of anxiety and memory

There is increasing interest in the potential functional role of the octapeptide angiotensin II (AII) in psychiatric and cognitive disorders. The novel angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonists, losartan and PD123177, selective for the AT₁ and AT₂ receptor subtypes respectively, constitute important pharmacological tools for the assessment of the behavioural consequences of modulation of AII function. The present series of studies investigated the effects of each compound in two animal models of anxiety, the rat elevated zero-maze and mouse light/dark box, and two models of working memory in the rat, the operant delayed matching to position (DMTP) task and the spatial reinforced alternation test in the T-maze. Our data indicate that both compounds (0.01–10 mg/kg SC) were without significant effect in any of the behavioural assays. Using the present methods and strains of laboratory rodents, these findings provide no support for the involvement of AII receptor function in the mediation of anxiety or working memory.